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WW2 US assault ships, landing ships and landing crafts
US Navy 1941-45 - Circa 60,000 amphibious crafts & assault ships combined
The fascinating aspect in the development of the USN amphibious force in WW2 was its sudden and massive rise, with a steep progression curve in years. It started with improvuizations in early 1942 and ended in late 1945 as a finely-tuned machine. For the occasion of this 77th anniversary of the landings of June, 6, 1944, here is a two-posts release: On the 6th, an overview of all USN landing ships and landing crafts, support ships and variants, as well as amphibious vehicles of WW2. All used either by the USMC and US Army from the first operations in August 1942 to March 1945 and the preparation for Olympic. The second, on June 8, would be about the operations themselves.
USS LSM-152 underway off Charleston NyD in 1944
This very long post is split between landing ships on the first part, and landing crafts on the second, then support ships and amphibious vehicles at the end (plus the usual resources, links, documents, books, models kits, videos and more).
Landing, Amphibious Operations
US Navy Assault Ships
A global poster showing all USN WW2 amphibious ships and amphibious crafts. Attention, massive image, CPU heavy.
Harris class attack transports (1940)
USS Hunter Ligget, ex- SS Pan American (APA 14) circa 1944.
USS Harris, Hunter Ligget, Tasker H Bliss, Hugh S. Scott. (Dickman) USS J.T. Dickman, Henry.T. Allen, J. Franklin Bell, American Legion.
Codenamed APA-2, 14, 42, 43, 13, 15-17 these were ex "President" class Hog islander of WW1 type freighters. They were built in 1919-1922 to the initiative of the US Shipping Board as the "535 class" to act as troop transport in wartime and regular commercial vessel in peacetime, fleet auxiliaries. From 1923 to 1937 they were indeed released from the Navy and used for trade, until requisitioned in 1939 and used by the Army, and passed onto the Navy in 1947, converted as attack transports (APA).
Converted in 1940, they were fairly large, displacing 21,300 tonnes fully laden, while still relatively fast with their turbines, able to reach 17 knots. Dickman class (converted 1942) was different:Of the same size, they were larger at 22 m (72ft 4in) but with lesser draught at 9.22 m (30ft 3in). They were also less powerful at 10,000 shp for 16.5 knots. They also carried less LCVPs, 22 rather than 30. They participated in most amphibious operations in the Mediterranean, Atlantic and Pacific Theatres. Due to their age they were decommissioned in 1946 and scrapped in February–March 1948.
Harris class profile (navypedia)
Specs:
Tonnage:
21,000 T FL
Dimensions:
163.12 x 21.95 x 9.3m (535 x 72 x 30 ft)
Machinery:
2 shafts Bethlehem Turbines, 8 boilers, 12,000 shp, 17.5 knots
Armament:
6x 40 + 10x2 20 mm AA
Boats carried:
33 LCVPs, 2-4 LCM(3)
Payload:
400 tons cargo/1650 infantry
Crew:
472
McCawley class attack transports (1940)
Of note also were the two
McCawley-class attack transports (1940)
:
These 1928 commercial passenger/freighters (Grace lines) were requisitioned and transformed in 1940, of the earliest US Navy attack transport, which carried integral landing craft and AA defense. They measured 486 ft 6 in (148.29 m) by 63 ft 6 in (19.35 m) for a draft of 25 ft 6 in and were propelled by two 8-cylinder, 2-cycle Sulzer diesel engines, with a shaft horsepower of 8,000, enough for a top speed of 15-17 knots. They carried 1,207 infantry (plus 80 officers) and 164,561 cu ft (4,659.8 m3) of cargo, and were armed with four 3"/50 caliber DP guns, two twin 40 mm Bofors and 18 single 20 mm oerlikon guns. Only two ships of this class existed, USS McCawley (AP-10) and USS Barnett (AP-11). They saw action at Guadalcanal and the Pacific Theatre. USS McCawley was later sank by error by US Navy PT boats on the night of 30 June 1943. USS Barnett went to the western theater and participated i the invasions of Sicily, Italy, Normandy and Southern France, then back to the Pacific (Okinawa).
Penn/Middleton class attack transports (1942)
USS John Penn (AP 51) in 1942
USS John Penn
USS John Penn was the ex-Excambion (1931) NY Shipbuilding Company of Camden (New Jersey), of the "Four Aces", acquired by the Navy 8 January 1942, transformed and commissioned 6 April 1942 with Captain Harry W. Need in command. Her specs were a 9,360 tons displacement light, 475 ft 4 in (144.88 m) x 62 ft (19 m) x 26 ft (7.9 m), propelled by a Steam turbine and armed with a single 5"/38 caliber (127 mm), 4 × 3"/50 (75 mm) cal. guns and 8 × 20 mm AA guns. She served in Operation Torch, and made the Guadalcanal campaign but was sunk off Lunga Point by IJN aviation, 13 August 1942.
Arthur Middleton-class attack transport
A.Middleton, Samuel Chase, George Clymer
These three ships were ones of the rare purpose-built attack transports, named after signatories of the American Independence. They were built beflre the war, on 1st July 1940 and completed on 7 September 1942 with a MCV hull type C3-P&C. Arthur Middleton and George Clymer served almost exclusively in the Pacific Theatre until Okinawa. Samuel Chase participated in the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, Italy and Normandy before beng sent to the Pacific. They were still in action during the Korean and Vietnam wars, retired in 1967-73, gaining many battle stars in between them.
Specs Middleton class:
Tonnage:
9,000 tons - 16,800 tons FL
Dimensions:
491 ft x 69.6 ft x 26 ft 6 in
Machinery:
1 prop, General Electric geared turbine drive, 2 Foster Wheeler D-type boilers 8,500 hp (6,300 kW), 18.4 knots
Armament:
Var. 5"/38, 4× 3"/50, 8× 40mm guns, 0-10× 20mm AA, 4× .50 cal. MGs
Boats carried:
Unknown
Payload:
200,000 cu ft, 2,700 to 3,500 tons
Crew:
480 crew + 1446 troops.
Doyen class attack transports (1942)
USS Feland
USS Doyen, USS Feland.
Two ships, specifically built as attack transports, between early 1942 and June 1943, based on the Maritime Commission's P1 hull type (P1-S2-L2) in California (Consolidated steel). Planned in 1940 already they were designed to carry a battalion of the Marine Expeditionary Force in peacetime. They were relatively small, yet their troop carrying capacity was found adequate at 1,100. They had Westinghouse turbines and Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Both served in the Pacific, and often together, at Tarawa, Saipan, Guam, Luzon and Iwo Jima. USS Doyen was also sent in Kiska (Aleutians) and Kwajalein. They earned collectovely 11 battle stars. After the war, they participated in Magic Carpet, decommissioned in March 1946, laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet. USS Doyen became in 1959 TS Bay State, the training ship of the Massachusetts Maritime Academy, decomm. in January 1974 and resold.
Specs APA-1, APA-11:
Tonnage:
4,351 tons - 6,720 tons FL
Dimensions:
127.34 x 17 x 5.8m (414 x 56 x 19 ft)
Machinery:
2 shaft Geared turbines, 8,000-8,800 hp, 19 kts.
Armament:
4× 3"/50 DP, 2x2 40, 8x 20mm AA.
Boats carried:
16 LCVPsin 1945
Payload:
Unknown
Crew:
450 crew + 1100 troops.
Windsor/Funston class attack transports (1943)
Windsor, Leedstown, Adair, Dauphin, Duchess, Queens, Shelby. Funston, O'Hara, Griggs, Grundy, Guiford, Stika, Hamblen, Hampton, Hannover.
The first class (Windsor) comprised nine ships, apparently based upon three variants of the Maritime Commission's ubiquitous C3 cargo type. They entered service between 1943 and 1945. They can carry 150,000 cu ft (4,200 m3), 1,600 tons and were armed with a single 5"/38 caliber dual-purpose gun mount completed by light AA. It varied in fact between ships. In action, the Windsor class served exclusively in the Pacific. USS Windsor and Leedstown (APA-55 and 56) commissioned by mid-1943 earned collectively at least five battle stars. The others were in July 1944 and remaining five were too late to see combat. They were used for transport and training. They transported fresh occupation troops to Japan, China and Korea and repatriated troops (Operation Magic Carpet) before being demobilized in early 1946 and sold to commercial service, scrapped for the most in the early-to-mid-1970s apart the USTS Texas Clipper (decomm. 1995 sunk as artificial reef 2007).
Specs (Windsor):
Tonnage:
13,200 T FL
Dimensions:
144.20 x 20.12 x 7.62m (473 x 66 x 25 ft)
Machinery:
1 shaft Bethlehem Turbine, 2 B&W boilers, 8,000 shp, 17.5 knots
Armament:
8x 40mm, 24x 20 mm AA
Boats carried:
21 LCVPs, 2 LCMs, 1 LCP(L), 1 LCP(R).
Payload:
300 tons cargo/1468 infantry
Crew:
466
James O'Hara of the Funston class in the Atlantic, 1943
The second class (Funston) was also based on C3 class cargos. The name came from the US Army General Frederick Funston, a veteran of the Philippine–American War, awarded the MoH. Only two ships at first, based on the Maritime Commission's C3-S-A1 hull. They were acquired after some commercial service by the US Navy, recommissioned in april 1943, reclassified APA. They were smaller at 7,000 tonnes,slower at 16.5 knots but carried about 2,200 infantry, and were arme with a single 5"/38 dual-purpose gun (127 mm), two 3"/50 (75 mm) dp guns, two quad 1.1"/75 (28 mm) AA guns, later replaced by sixteen single 20mm gun mounts. In service they participated in Mediterranean opeations: Invasion of Salerno, but were soon sent in the Pacific Theatre. After the war they became US army transport or USAT (US Army Transport), then reacquired by the Navy (T-AP) and used as transports in the Korean War, scrapped 1968-69. They never returned to civilian service.
Specs (Funston):
Tonnage:
7,000/8,600 T FL
Dimensions:
150.16 x 21.18 x 8m (492 x 69 x 26 ft)
Machinery:
1 shaft Bethlehem Turbine, 2 B&W boilers, 8,000 shp, 16.5 knots
Armament:
127, 75 mm guns, 16x 20 mm AA
Boats carried:
21 LCVPs, 2 LCMs, 1 LCP(L), 1 LCP(R) ?.
Payload:
400 tons cargo/2200 infantry
Crew:
570
Ormsby(Sumter) class attack transports (1942)
USS Ormsby, Pierce, Shridan (APA 49, 50 and 51)
Like many other APA vessels (attack transport), these three ships were based on the Maritime Commission prewar C2-S-B1 type hull. They had been specifically designed for Naval auxiliary service in wartime. Not very large, they received more AA than most transports of their day, being commissioned on 28 June 1943. By that time they were armed with two 5 inches/38 dual-purpose guns, two single and four twin Bofors 40 mm guns, and up to 22 20mm guns, but the latter were gradually replaced by more 40 mm Bofors, more efficient. in action, they were quite active, used exclusively in the Pacific, from the Gilbert Islands campaign up to Okinawa. Between them they won 18 battle stars, and participated to Magic Carpet until 1946, decommissioned and scrapped after civilian service in the late 1960s.
Specs (Ormsby):
Tonnage:
7,000/13,910 T FL
Dimensions:
140 x 19 x 7,3m (459 x 63 x 24 ft)
Machinery:
1 shaft GE Turbine, 2 FW boilers, 6,000 shp, 16.5 knots
Armament:
2x127, 10x40 mm guns, 16-22x 20 mm AA
Boats carried:
21 LCVPs, 2 LCMs, 1 LCP(L), 1 LCP(R) ?.
Payload:
2,700 tons cargo/1,470 infantry
Crew:
46+478
Bayfield class attack transports (1942)
34 ships (Conway 29): Bayfield, Bolivar, Callaway, Cambria, Cavalier, Chilton, Clay, Custer, Du page, Elmore, Fayette, Fremont, Henrico, Knox, Lamar, Alpine, Barnstable, Burley, cecil, Dade, Medocino, montour, Riverside, Westmoreland, Hansford, Goodhue, Goshen, Grafton (APA-33-48, 92, 93, 95, 96, 99-102, 104, 106-109).
The
Bayfield
is the first "superclass" of armed transports, whereas most classes were limited to 2-5 ships at the most.
USS Knox APA-66 with a dazzle camouflage in 1943
They were based on the large Type C3 passenger/cargo ship, along the standard setup by the US Maritime Commission (1938), better known as C3 standard. They were designed to produce modern and good quality versatile ships to replace an ageing US merchant fleet. On top of this, they were deigned with a future use as Navy auxiliaries in mind, with an easy and quick convertion. Nevertheless, in 1941 the need for transport shis was so great that types that could be manufactured quicker were preferred, such as the Haskell class based on the Victory ship design, making an even larger class.
USS Hamblen APA 114
By design, they were not symmetrical, having 2/3 of their load forward, 1/3 aft and a massive island, fir to carry passengers as well. In order to accommodate troops, two cargo holds amidships were converted into accommodation facilities, using prefabricated floors and walls. Each hold therefore became three decks, tall enough for tiered five high bunks beds, with passageways in between. Each bunk was only thirty inches wide. Fortunately, the soldiers crowded the decks during the day, as the heat in the pacific could become unbearable below. Troops were provided with their own galley and mess hall, completely separate from the crew, without dining hall so they used their own mess to eat where they could. these ships also had a sick bay and dental clinic to provide carre during the trip. The troop commander however had his own private cabin and office and he had a loudspeaker system. Music and other entertainment were often piped to the troop compartments. This design was particular in that concrete was used as ballast in the bottom of the cargo holds.
Like most cargoes of that time they had a single propeller, but a steam geared turbine fed by two D-Type boilers to reach at least 17 knots (18 in that case), which was largely enough to evade a submerged U-Boat. Alas, the latter often attacked by sneaking in the middle of the con and voy by night, using their surface speed of 17.7 knots.
They were bristling with davits of all types, to carry in general the following combination of landing crafts: 12 LCVPs, four LCM and three LCP(L). They could carry internally and externally up to 4,500–4,800 tons of cargo which represented 175,000 to 200,000 cubic feet. They carried 51 officers and 524 sailors, with in addition 43 officers and 108 men as flagships and a batallion, 80 officers and 1,146 privates. So in full capacity they carried as flagship up to 1952 men.
They were armed with two single 5 inch 38 caliber dual purpose guns, one fore and one aft in large bathtub like platforms with a good arc of fire, two to four twin 40 mm Bofors, two quad 1.1"/75 (28 mm) "Chicago Piano", replaced by 40 mm in late 1943 or 1944, two single 40 mm AA Bofors and 18 (or more) 20 mm Oerlikon guns. Conway's figure states four twin Bofors and twleve twin 20 mm AA, which could be an error, twin 20 mm were rarer, fitted with Handle Bars Mk 8 Mod 0.
Bayfield class schematics, ONI
USS Cambria (APA-36)
Src - purchase
Specs (Bayfield 1945):
Tonnage:
9,000/16,100 T FL
Dimensions:
150 x 21,18 x 8,08m (492 x 69 x 26 ft)
Machinery:
1 shaft GE Turbine, 2 FW boilers, 8,500 shp, 18 knots
Armament:
2x127, 8x40 mm guns, 24x 20 mm AA
Boats carried:
26 LCVPs, 2 LCM(3)
Payload:
5,500 tons cargo/1,500 infantry
Crew:
51+524, see notes.
Sumter class attack transports (1942)
USS Sumter, Warren, Wayne, Baxter (APA-52-54 & 94)
Often associated with the Ormsby class (they were grouped in Conways) but converted later in 1943, they were very similar, and counted four ships. They were all built by the Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation, at Chickasaw, Alabama, and used at first as transports, based on a C2-S-E1 type hull, laid down in April 1942, and the fourth in March 1943; They were requisitioned to be converted as attack transports at Bethlehem Steel, Maryland Drydock or the Atlantic Basin Iron Works and commisioned as APA ships 4-6 months afterwards.
They were slightly slower, with a single propeller shaft, propelled by a General Electric geared-drive turbine, fed by two Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers for a designed shaft horsepower of 6,000. They carried 91-95 Officers and 1,340-1,472 Enlisted men, plus about 170,000 cu ft of cargo of 1,300-1,450 tons of payload. They deployed LCVPs and LCM(3)s from their davits (details unknown). They were used in the Pacific, and USS Wayne was the most decorated, earning seven battle stars.
Specs (Sumter):
Tonnage:
8,591/13,910 T FL
Dimensions:
469 x 63 x 23 ft
Machinery:
1 shafts GE GD turbine, 2 B&W boilers, 6,000 shp, 16.5 kts
Armament:
2x 5-in, 4x2 40mm, 10x 20mm AA
Crew:
600 + 1400 troops
Andromeda class attack cargo ships (1943)
An Andromeda-class attack cargo ship were 30 vessels by Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. in Kearny, New Jersey, and Moore Dry Dock Co., in Oakland, California. They were based on standad C2 hulls (exactly C2-S-B1 type). However they are associated to the Arcturus and Tolland sub-classes for clarity, making a grand total of 62 ships. They were propelled by a single shaft, connected to the General Electric turbines in most cases, fed by two Combustion Engineering boilers for a total of 6,000 shp and 16 knots. They also carried 1,553 tonnes of oil.
There were some differences from ship to ship, notably the armament. In 1944–1945, their 5"/38 was standard for both AA and naval gunfire support and gradually the 40 mm replaced also the 20 mm and even older .50 caliber guns. They carried 4450 tonnes of cargo and in 1945 in general, 15 to 16 LCVPs, 8 LCM(3)s, and a single LCP(L). They mostly served on the Pacific, some earning many battle stars in the process.
USS Arcturus (AK-18) in late 1942. Often associated, these ten ships (
Arcturus class
) were built earlier by the Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. in Chester, Pennsylvania, Tampa Shipbuilding Co. in Tampa, Florida, and Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. in Kearny, New Jersey, under the type S4-SE2-BE1.
Tolland sub-class:
Also associated by their identification numbers, AKA-64 to 109, for a total of 32 ships. They were built by North Carolina Shipbuilding Co. in Wilmington, North Carolina in 1944. Specifications and general arangements were about the same.
Specs (Andromeda):
Tonnage:
6,761/12,000 T FL
Dimensions:
140 x 19 x 8 m (459 x 63 x 28 ft)
Machinery:
1 shaft turbine, 2 boilers, 8,000 shp, 18 kts
Armament:
Variable, 1x 5-in, 4x2 40mm, 10x 20mm AA, see notes
Crew:
247-404 + 1400 troops
Haskell class attack transports (1943)
By far the largest, most ambitious class of assault ships designed in the Unites States: In all, 131 were ordered from California Shipbuilding, Oregon Shipbuilding, Permanente Metals and Kaiser Shipbuilding, and 117 delivered before the war ended, the other cancelled. They were all named after state counties.
They were based on the much simplified
victory ships
, with the Maritime Commission standard type VC2-S-AP5. Construction started in 1944, so few saw real active service in the pacific where they all served (see later). The serie started with the lead ships, USS Haskell (APA-117) until APA-247, with some repurposed as hospital ships in between (but cancelled for C4 hulls, while they were resold to civilian users). In all, 14 were cancelled at V-Day. Their career wa not limited to WW2, any served long years afterwards as assault ships. The first was commissioned on 11 September 1944 and the last on 29 October 1945.
USS Rutland lowering LCMs
They were propelled by basically the same powerplant than for the victory ships: A single propeller, and geared turbine (Westinghouse, Joshua Hendy or Allis-Chalmers), fed by the supeheated steam from two header-type boilers (Babcock & Wilcox or Combustion Engineering). It delivered in total about 8,500 shp (6,338 kW), enough to provide 18 to 19 knots (33–35 km/h; 21–22 mph), by far the best speed of any other assault ships. They were designed to carry 1,500 troops and their equipments, and 25 landing craft: Typically twenty-three 36-foot (11 m)-long LCVP, two LCM (3), and a gig. In other configurations they carried two LCM, 12 LCVP and 3 LCPL. Armament was still consequent to face mostly aviation, covering all ranges: One 5"/38 caliber gun on the forecastle, twelve Bofors 40 mm guns (single quad, four dual mounts), and ten Oerlikon 20 mm guns.
In action, few of these ships arrived in time for assisting in the final operations in the Philippines, Iwo Jima and Okinawa. USS Hinsdale (APA-120) was severely hit by a Kamikaze on 1st April 1945, as USS Telfair (APA-210) a day after, but both were repaired later. USS La Grange (APA-124) had the same fate in August 1945 while USS Colbert (APA-145) hit a mine on 17 September 1945, also off Okinawa. None was sunk. The remainder of the order were just mothballed, waiting for an assignation. After Operation Maic carpet, some served in Korea, but other were deactivated and resold to civilian users. While most were scrapped in 1973–75, a few were converted into Missile Range Instrumentation Ships (MRIS). The last in existence were USS Gage, still in her original Haskell configuration (scrapped 2009) and USS Range Sentinel (ex-Sherburne), converted as MRIS, used until 2012. She was the very last.
USS Noble, APA-218 in 1956
Specs (Haskell):
Tonnage:
6,800/14,800 T FL
Dimensions:
139 x 19 x 7 m (455 x 62 x 24 ft)
Machinery:
1 shaft turbine, 2 boilers, 8,500 shp, 18-19 kts
Armament:
1x 5-in, 4x2 40mm, 10x 20mm AA, see notes
Crew:
900 + 1400 troops
Gilliam/Artemis class attack transports (1944)
Gilliam, Appling, Audrain, Banner, Barrow, Berrien, Bladen, Bracken, Briscoe, Brule, Bruleson, Butte, Carlisle, Carteret, Catron, Clarendon, Cleburne, Colusa, Cortland, Crenshaw, Crittenden, Cullman, Dawson, Elkeheart, Falon, Fergus, Filmore, Garrard, Gasconade, Geneva, Niagara, Presidio
This was the second large production "superclass" of armed assault transports (APA) of the US Navy, all very similar. To achieve that scale, these were based on the San Francisco naval architects Joslyn and Ryan's Maritime Commission Type
S4-SE2-BD1
. In all 32 vessels (combined with the Artemis sub-class) were built under MARCOM contracts by the Consolidated Steel Corporation (Wilmington, California). The very first, USS Gilliam (APA-57), was launched on 28 March 1944 and was commissioned on 1 August 1944. So the bulk of the class, albeit they were faster and cheaper to built than the Bayfield class, arrived late in the war, many were completed as the war already ended. They were the last of the "great four" attack transport classes, Bayfield, Haskell, and Andromeda.
Design-wise, they looked sleek and modern compared to earlier vessels, notably thanks to a clipper bow, fine lines, a powerful Westinghouse turbo-electric transmission fed by 2 boilers on twin propellers, over a design shaft horsepower of 6,000, enough to go beyond 17 knots comfortably. They were crewed by 27 Officers and 295 Enlisted, and carried 47 Officers and 802 Enlisted plus a useful cargo payload of 85,000 cubic feet or from 600 to 2,600 tons (1,032 for conways). They were armed with a single 5"/38 caliber dual-purpose gun (127 mm) and four twin 40 mm gun mounts completed by ten single 20 mm gun mounts, and carried in 1945 typically 13 LCVPs, and a single LCP(L).
The Gilliam class missed the hardest part of the island hopping campaign, but the earliest saw action during the late Philippines campaign, landing troops at the Battle of Luzon, on the beaches of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. More than assault, most made just troop transport cargo and supplies missions at the end, ad after the war. They all participated in Operation Magic carpet in 1946. Some were blasted during Operation Crossroads. The remainder were all resold to civilian onwers.
Specs (Gilliam):
Tonnage:
4,087 tons, 6,740 T FL
Dimensions:
129,85 x 17,68 x 4,72 m (426 x 58 x 15ft)
Machinery:
2 shafts, 1 GE GD turbine, 2 boilers, 8,000 shp, 18 kts
Armament:
1x 5-in, 4x2 40mm, 10x 20mm AA
Boats:
13 LCVPs, 1 LCP(L)
Crew:
283 + circa 850 troops
USS Zenobia
The
Artemis
sub-class comprised the USS Artemis, Athene, Aurelia, Birgit, Circe, Corvus, Devosa, Hydrus, Lacerta, Lumen, Medea, Mellena, Ostara, Pamina, Polana, Renate, Roxane, Sappho, Sarita, Scania, Selinur, Sidonia, Sirona, Sylvania, Tabora, Troilus, Turandot, Valeria, Vanadis, Veritas, Xenia and Zenobia. They were basically similar, but designated AKA because considered "combat loaded". With reinforced davits, they lowered their landing crafts already fully loaded, combat ready. Thus, despite a lower capacity they were much faster and safer in amphibious operations.
Appalachian class command ships (1943)
Appalachian, Blue ridge, Rocky Mount (ACG-1-3), USS Catoctin (ACG-5)
All three were built by the Federal Yard at Kearny. They were former troop transports converted as command ships with headquarters and air control facilities, in order to coordinate emphibious Operations; They became so precious that numerous ships were so converted: In 1944 for example, the four ex-treasury cutters, coast guards in the Atlantic, were converted as additional ACGs, as well as the ex-seaplane tender USS Biscayne became ACG-18, or the ex-transport USS Ancon (see below). The Appalachian class were based on C2-S-B1 hulls. They had a raised superstructure to house the HQ and its facilities, and a new lattice mast to support antennae and radars.
Specs (Appalachian):
Tonnage:
13,710/13,910 T FL
Dimensions:
139.98 x 19.20 x 7.32m (459 x 63 x 24 ft)
Machinery:
1 shaft Bethlehem Turbine, 2 B&W boilers, 6,600 shp, 17 knots
Armament:
2x 5in (127 mm), 8x 40 mm, 20x 20 mm AA
Crew:
507 + 368 HQ Personal
USS Ancon (ACG-4)
Independent of this class, ACG-4 was one of three identical ships built for the Panama Railroad Company (1938), requisitioned by the Army Transport Service in January 1942 for troop transport, then requisitioned to be converted in San Francisco during June and July 1942, for the needs of the Navy on 7 August 1942, commissioned on the 12th. She served in the Mediterranean from Operation Torch to the Invasion of Italy, Nomandy, and the Pacific. Specs: 14,150 tons, 493 ft (150 m) x 64 ft (20 m) x 26 ft 3 in (8.00 m), propelled by two steam turbine (9,166 shp, 18 knots), crew 707, armed with two 5 in, four twin 40 mm, fourteen 20 mm AA, extended radio communication equipments and radar, HQ facilities. She was Mark Clarke Floating HQ during operation Avalanche, until the German counter-offensive.
Mount Mc Kinley class command ships (1944)
USS Mount McKinley, Auburn, Eldorado, Estes, Paramount, Teton, Adirondack, Pocomo, Taconic (ACG-7-17).
Essentially similar to the former Appalachian, they were based on maritime commission design C2-S-AJ1 hulls. Rebuilt with one full deck height structure, between the forward and after kingposts, new lattice mast stepped on the superstructure for a large air search radar, and most were fitted with a height-finding radar for fighter coordination and guidance. It was placed on top of one leg of the forward kingpost. The latter were of the "H" type indeed.
Specs (McKinley):
Tonnage:
12,550 T FL
Dimensions:
139.96, same (459 ft 2 in)
Machinery:
same
Armament:
same
Crew:
622 + 441 HQ Personel
APD1 light attack transports conversions (1942-43)
APD-1 off hunters point, California, departing for in Guadalcanal in July 1943.
The immense fleet of "flush-decker", "four-pipers" built from 1917 in the USA to escort the fleet and participate to the battle of the Atlantic were mostly mothballed after the war, some completed as late as 1921. They were fast, well armed, but not fit for heavy weather. Reactivated after December 1941, with 50 set to the Royal Navy, they were used as escort in part, but other were converted for other roles sue to their obsolescence as destroyers: Seaplane tenders, destroyer minelayers and minesweepers. Last in the list, was the idea to convert them as high speed transports. High speed they were, on paper, with 33 knots on average. But thir machinery was gutted to make room for accomodations, so that they ended as 25 knots vessels with just two smokestacks. The first group of converted ships was called APD-1 through APD-36. There was a single Caldwell-class destroyer, 17 Wickes-class, and 14 Clemson-class.
In addition to their machinery modifications, they received accommodation for 200 troops in these former engine space and the armament as replaced by three 3"/50 dual-purpose guns, one 40 mm AA gun, and five 20 mm AA guns plus two depth charge racks, six K-gun depth charge throwers to retain ASW capabilities. Torpedo mounts were replaced by large davit, which were to drop at sea four LCPLs, and later in the war, LCPRs, which had a ramp. For their service as "Marines Taxis" in late 1942 throughout 1943 in the Carolines, they were nicknamed the "green devils". They were indeed mostly used in the gruelling
Guadalcanal Campaign
. Both sides tried to reinforce their side by using night high-speed transports. These early APDs performed well in general. In addition to carry troops to beachheads and support them with their own artillery on demand, bringing supplies, they served as escorts for other transports and supply vessels. They provided also anti-submarine patrols. But thy mostly gained fame with the action of the Underwater Demolition Teams (UDTS) and commando units. Many were lost in action as well, but the remainder gained scores of battle stars.
Measure 31, design 12T planned for the APD-1 serie. In reality they were many local adaptations of the design. most pattern were made of shades of green to blend in the environment.
Author's illustration of the USS Barney
Specs (APD-1):
Displacement:
1315 t ST, 1793 t FL
Dimensions:
95.71 x 11.28 x 3.7 (314 x 37 x 12 in)
Machinery:
2 shaft turbines, 2 boilers, 13,000 shp, 24 knots
Range:
Oil 429 t, 5,500 nm at 12 kts
Armament:
3-3in/50, 2x 40 mm AA, 5x 20 mm AA, 4 DCP, 2 DCR
Boats carried:
4 LCVPs, 144 troops
Crew:
101
See more photos on navsource.
APD37 class light attack transports (1943-45)
While the assault cargo ships we have seen were slow and ponderous, there was an emergency wartime conversion that was intended to bring less troops, but much faster and in a more stealthy and weaponized way: The APD series. These were called "high speed transport", and converted in 1944 from former destroyers escorts of several types. These were of the TE/TEV types (Buckley and Rudderow class) and were numbered APD-37 to 68, 75-86 and APD 139. Why not starting with APD-1 you ask ? Because before them, vintage 1919-21 four-funneled destroyers were already converted, APD-1 to APD-36, the famous "green dragons" of Guadalcanal (see above). They served as models for the latter, but the main difference was their conversion was long after their use as destroyers, while most of the APD-37 series, 43 ships in all, were converted on the stocks, never completed as destroyer escorts. They had basically their section aft of the funnel modified to carry large davits, capable of putting at sea two LCVPs each. Troops capacity in all therefore was 162 Marines, while their supplies were stored on the aft deck. There were also ready gasoline tanks for vehicles.
But in both cases, the mission was the same: Carry land raiding parties or support underwater demolition teams claring beach obstacles, mostly by night. Since part of their original armament and control systems were kept, they were also used as escorts for the amphibious groups notably for ASW purposes, keeping their sonar and grenades. Visually the ships only differed by their base type, TE or TEV, recoignisable by their different bridge.
USS Barr (APD-39) in October 1944. These ships were famous for being camouflaged in various tones of army olive green and other shades obtained by mixing any readily available paint. It was largely unofficial and documentation is scarce, although bases were readily available, an extension of Measure 31 already used for the APD-1 serie. The deck was also camouflaged. The idea was to have these ships blending in the environment of small island with lush vegetation.
Camouflaged APD-37 class vessel (unknown), old author's illustration
Specs (APD-37):
Displacement:
1725 t ST, 2114 t FL
Dimensions:
93.27 x 11.28 x 3.84 (306 x 37 x 13 in)
Machinery:
2 shaft turbines, 2 boilers, 12,000 shp, 23.6 knots
Range:
Oil 347 t, 5,000 nm at 12 kts
Armament:
1-5in/38, 3x2 40 mm AA, 6x 20 mm AA, 2 DCR
Boats carried:
4 LCVPs, 162 troops
Crew:
203
LST class landing ships (1942)
LST-942 in 1944
Probably the most famous of these amphibious ships, the LST (infamously nicknamed "Large Slow Target") was really a solid alternative to the Assault ships, which primarily carried troops, later to be lowered in landing crafts, a long operation, sometimes dangerous. The British in 1940 however already search for a type of ship able to cross large distances by itself and land heavy equipments, includng tanks directly on the beach. Better so, through lend-lease, they asked for a ship capable of carrying tanks directly from the US Coast to UK. It was known for a time the "Atlantic Tank Carrier".
In the end, the US response proved to be a surprisingly good vessel, versatile, adaptable and reliable, of which many still are in service in many navies today. In total 1152 were built in the USA, in a variery of yards. It was the largest true amphibious ship in service, with its flat bottom and a displacement well over 4,000 tonnes fully loaded, with 1,670 tonnes of payload. The base load asked for, was twenty 25-ton tanks, and the ship was divided between an enclosed weather deck, by the forward ramp, and an upper deck for softskin vehicles and light equipment, which could be rolled to below by using a ramp. Another requirement was to carry a LCT, but variations made it carrying a variable numbers of davits aft, so to carry up to sic LCVPs. Armament also varied but was exclusively light AA 40 and 20 mm which numbers and placement diverged. The British built
their own version
meanwhile. LSTs participated virtually in all amphibious operations from 1943 until the end of the war, seeing service in Korea and even in Vietnam. A complete overview of the type
was done here
.
Specs (LST):
Displacement:
1625 t ST, 2366-4080 t FL
Dimensions:
99.98 oa x 15.24 x 1.19-3 m (328 x 50 x 3-9 ft)
Machinery:
2 shaft diesels, 1,800 shp, 12.1 knots
Range:
24,000 nm at 9 kts
Armament:
7x 40 mm AA, 12x 20 mm AA
Boats carried:
2-6 LCVPs, 160+ troops
Crew:
111
LSV class landing ships (1942)
USS castkill, Ozark, Osage, Saugus, Monitor, Montauk.
USS Ozark, 16 sept. 1944
The history of these ships is quite original, as the acronym. They came from a proposal to convert the USS Terror in construction at the time, as the first fleet mnesweeper, into a vehicle carrier for amphibious operations. Indeed, the builders of USS Terror, Philadelphia Navy Yard, alleged in 1940 that they could easil convert their ship into a vehicle carrier with more capacity than the average assault carriers of the time, based on civilian cargos, for a better speed, armament, and less displacement. The idea was seducing enough for the US admiralty to take note. In fact, a modified Terror design was ordered as a netlayer (AN), but since it was far larger than the HMS protector that was used as model, and plans were sligthly modified, having a large cargo space fully enclosed, without the STS armored deck and its stern modified to handle the nets.
USS Terror, CM-5
In the end, four were ordered (AN-1-4) under the 1940 program, including the "repeat- terror" designated CM-6-7. In 1943 these ships were redesignated as vehicle transports, with their stern modified again to manage two ramps, and retaining most of their armament, fire control system, and extensive suprerstructures. They had the great advantage of being submerged, allowing amphibious vehicles and landing crafts to exit from the stern, fully loaded. Typical load included 44 DUKW loading 800 troops and equipments. In other cases, the former AN-1-2, 19 LVT and 29 DUKW (see the amphibious vehicles index at the end). The AN-3-4 carried 21 LVTs and 31 DUKW. They also were modified with davits to carry 14 LCVPs on deck, plus a large service crane aft. Launched in 1942 but converted in 1943 they were recommissioned in 1944, participating in the last operations on the pacific theater: Luzon, Iwo Jima, Okinawa. In 1946 they also took part in Magic Carpet, before being laid up in 1946. They were converted afterwards to other roles, like mine countermeasure ships, discarded in the 1970s.
LSV-4, USS Saugus, showing its aft ramp. cdts: navsource.org
Specs (LSV-1):
Displacement:
5630-5875 t ST, 9,000 t FL
Dimensions:
135-137.84 m oa x 18.36 x 6.10 m (455 x 60 x 20 ft)
Machinery:
2 shaft geared turbines, 4 boilers, 11,000 shp, 20 knots
Armament:
2x 5-in/38, 4x2 40 mm AA, 20x 20 mm AA
Boats carried:
see notes
Crew:
564
LSM class landing ships (1943)
425 ships 1943-45: LSM-1-187, 200-400, 413-500, 537-588
Early in 1943, BuShips started studies for an ocean-going tank lighter intermediate between the LCT and LST. But it had to be faster, to be combined with the LCI(L). It gave cluse about its displacement, three times that of an LCT6, with a cargo of 165 tonnes. The studies ported on a hull with higher freeboard and better strenght and to carry the tankers in good conditons to arrive fresh on the battlefield. BuShip memo from 28 August also states the ship should be fit for long voyages, to the limit of extreme bad weather. The open cargo bay only was compatible with non-perishable loads. It had to have a watertight superstructure or deckhouse on either side of the central bay, for additional buoyancy and improved stability, plus a bridge for command on the left side. Rapid self-drainage and reliable pumps with manual backup were to be provided as well. The deck payload corresponded to standards seen on the LCT6 between trucks and tanks which had a quite different density. As a rsult of all this, resulted the LSM for
Landing Ship, Medium.
It became the priority of the 1944-45 amphibious program and consruction started in early 1944 with 588 ordered part of which were converted as support ship with rocket launchers, called LSM(R) - see later. Due to their late arrival, laid down in March-April 1944 for the first, completed in June, they were mostly used in the Pacific theater. The battle stars won by this class were primarily at Luzon, Iwo Jima and Okinawa. After the war, and Operation Magic Carpet in 1946, these ships were loaned, sold or mothballed for the remainder until the 1970s.
ONI camouflage pattern and ship's plan (navsource)
Specs LSV-1:
Displacement:
720 t light, 743 t landing, 1095 t sea going FL
Dimensions:
59.89 wl, 62 m oa x 10.52 x 1.07-2.13 m (203 x 34 x 3-7 ft)
Machinery:
2 shaft diesels, 2,800 shp, 13.2 knots
Range:
4,900 nm at 12 kts
Armament:
2x 40 mm AA, 4x 20 mm AA
Boats carried:
5 Medium/3 Heavy tanks/6 LVT/9 DUKW, 48 troops
Crew:
60
LCI(L) class landing ships (1942)
LCI(L)-1 - LCI(L)-1139
LCI(L) 196 close to a DUKW in Sicily, Operation Husky, 11 July 1943
These famous sea-going infantry-alone transport ships became also a class for many more types during WW2. 1,139 were delivered in all from late-1942 to early 1945, slightly less than the LSTs or LCTs. The acronym meant "Landing Craft Infantry(Large)" and it was at first required by the British as a fast personal carrier for commando raids and small amphibious operations. Contrary to LCV-LCVPs which were barely seaworthy and short range, these ships were designed as ocean-capable. The US admiralty staff drafted requirements to US yards for these, published on 30 April 1942. It was calling for:
-300 ships
-200-250 troops capacity
-20 knots and 500 nm endurance at 15 kts
-Capable of crossing the Atlantic (with extra storage)
-Able to beach, with gangways
With that, proposals for tenders were made, and the real difference between them and all other such landing ships/crafts was their use of side gangways instead of a ramp. This derived fro British practice: Troopships traditionally landed personel from side gangways to the peer. The absence of watertight front doors made the design sturdier and cheaper, allowing a greater number to be built.
LCI(L) 551, late serie, pacific May 1945. She was transferred to the Soviet Navy on 29 July for
Project Hula
as DS-48, taking part in the Soviet invasion of the Kuril Islands.
The admiralty final design of the then "APY" was published in May 1942, ad one proposal was to use the existing PC hull (sub-chaser) to reuse as much components as possible, but it was rejected and the length was fixed to 153 feets (48 meters). It was stating that "the vessel is to be of such arangement that it can be adapted to the transport of packaged cargo which is susceptible of manhandling", it was precised a max capacity of 75 tonnes. That gave some flexibility in its use. Greenlight was awarded in June 1942 and production started right away, at New York SB, Camden, USA, laid down in July, launched in September and completed in October 1942. Others were built by Bethlehem (Hingham), Federal (Newark), George Lawley (Neponset), and New Jersey SB (Barber). Production ceased exactly two years later, the last commissioned (modified as variants), in March 1945. 30 craft were also transferred to Canada.
Surviving LCI(L) 713 in Portland, Oregon
Specialized variants:
LCI(FF)/LCI(H): 49 flotilla flagships conversions
LCI(M)*: 42 Support variants: 3-4.2 in chemical mortars, 1x 40 mm AA
LCI(R)**: 36 Rocket launcher version with 6x 5-in RL
LCI(G)***: 86 support versions with 6 optional batteries and Mk1/Mk10 RLs
LCS(L)(3): 130 support versions AA and Mk 10 RL
AMC(U): 5 underwater object locators
*Mortar
**Rocket
***Gunboat
Specs LCI(L)1:
Low, square-cut conning tower.
Displacement:
194 t light, 387 t sea going FL
Dimensions:
46.63 wl, 48.31 m oa x 7.21 x 0.8-1.52 m (158 x 24 x 2-5 ft)
Machinery:
2 shaft diesels 2,320 shp, 15.5 knots
Range:
8,700 nm at 12 kts, diesel 120 tons
Payload:
188 troops or 75 t of cargo
Armament:
1x 40mm QF Mk VIII, 3x 20mm AA
Crew:
24
Specs LCI(L)351:
Tall, round conning tower and modified arrangements
Displacement:
209 t light, 258 t landing, 385 t sea going FL
Dimensions:
48.46 wl, 0.86-1.60 m (159 x 2ft 10 in-6 ft 3 in)
Range:
8,000 nm at 12 kts, diesel oil 110 tons
Payload:
209 troops or 75 t of cargo
Crew:
29
LSD class landing ships (1944)
Moore yard (Oakland):
LSD-1-8: USS Ashland, Belle Grove, Cartter Hall, Epping Forest, Gunston Hall, Lindenwald, Oak Hill, White Marsh
Newport News:
LSD-13-19: USS Casa Grande, Rushmore, Shadwell, Cabildo, Catamount, Colonial, Comstock
Boston NyD:
LSD-20,21,26,27: USS Donner, Fort Mandan, Tortuga, Whetstsone
Gulf SB:
LSD-22-24: USS Fort Marion, Fort Snelling, Point Defiance
Philadelphia NyD:
LSD-25 San Marcos
Design development
The last and arguably most promising of the specialized landing vessels armada of WW2 was certainly the "Landing Ship, Dock". It was something we would recoignise today, since all contemporary assault ships are modelled after this class, minus the adjunction of a flying deck and helicopters. It was the idea of a self-propelled drydock, which would have the advantage of just releasing pre-loaded landing crafts after filling its ballasts, in a short notice. This was so far the fastest and safest way possible, but there were many issues to deal with until the design was ready. Just like the LST and LCT, it came in 1942 from a British specification of a "TLC carrier", after its specifications evolved from a "truck transport". The emphasis on the original design was to just be able to carry as many vehicle as possible, on several levels, as well as carrying large beaching crafts to land them as quickly as possible. A flooding deck aft and capacity for at least two British standard LCTs were precised later.
The latter was to be able also to carry three US-standard LCT(S) in alternative, fully loaded with three medium tanks each. Another option precised a carrying capacity of fourteen LCM(3) each carrying a Medium Tank. A key part of the design was to have detachable decks wit loading ramps on at least two levels, ideally three. A High speed of 17 knots was also part of the requrirement.
Evetually, the Propulsion chosen consisted in to shafts connected to two Skinner Uni-Flow reciprocating engines, fed by two oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers for the planned speed, 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph). Her Endurance was about 8,000 nmi (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). For armament, she was armed by a single 5 in/38 cal. DP gun a the bow, and two single 40 mm quad AA guns and two twin 40 mm AA guns placed on the side structures as well as sixteen single 20 mm AA guns.
Construction and service
USS Ashland and Bell Grove at Iwo Jima, 1945, both in dark navy blue
There were two classes in reality: The Ashland class (LSD-1-8) and Casa Grande class (LSD-13-27). The latter were similar but with a more powerful propulsion, around 7,000 or 9,000 bhp. They could carry three LCT Mark V/VI or two LCT Mark III/IV or 14 LCM Mark III or 41 × LVTs or 47 DUKWs.
These ships were commissioned in 1943-44, 1945-46 for the second serie, and seeing the late Pacific campaign, the Philippines, Iwo Jima and Okinawa. But their service did not ceased there. They served also in Korea and Vietnam, being discarded in 1969-70.
HMS Highway, showing the open aft bay
Four ships also served in the Royal Navy, Eastway (F130, to Greece 1953; scrapped, 1972), HMS Highway (F141, sold 1948), HMS Northway (F142 Sold, 1948, scrapped, 1975), HMS Oceanway (F143, Transferred to Greece, 1947, France 1952; sunk as target 1970 ). The British initially ordered seven of these numbered LSD-9-15. However only four were delivered (9-12) while 13-15 returned in the US Navy, ordering another twelve, to built ten, the rest cancelled. This explains the gap in number for LSD-10, 11, 12 and 13, the British units.
Profile Scheme of the class in 1943 (navypedia)
Specs LSD:
Displacement:
4,032 tons, 7,930 tons tons FL
Dimensions:
139.52 x 22 x 4.93 m (458 x 72 x 15-16 ft)
Propulsion:
2 shafts Rec. engines, 2 B&W boilers, 17 kts
Range:
8,000 nm at 15 kts, diesel oil 110 tons
Payload:
218 troops, 22 officers, see notes
Crew:
267 + 23
Armament:
5in, 4x40 mm, 16x 20mm AA
US Navy landing Crafts
First things first: A landing Craft is different from a landing ship in the sense the second can carry the first, not the reverse. Basically the same as the distinction between a boat and ship. By production statistics alone, landing ships produced during WW2 equalled 2066 landing ships all combined, versus 44,000 so a ratio of 22, consistent with the number of landing crafts carried.
LCT(5/6) class landing crafts (1941)
LCT(5): 500 delivered. LCT(6): 965 delivered.
LCT-202, LCT(5) class landing craft.
As most other USN landing ships and crafts, the LCT came from a British idea. In fact the latter started working on the LCT(1) already in 1940. They had completed the first 30 LCT Mark 1, built at Hawthorn Leslie in from November 1940. It was not very fast at 8 knots, displacing 372 long tons (378 t) for 152 ft long and 29 ft wide, propelled by two 350 hp (261 kW) Hall-Scott petrol engine and possessed some armour. These were the essential traits asked for the next iteration, the LCT Mark 2. 73 were completed in 1941, much faster with their three Paxman diesel or Napier Lion petrol engines. Only 79 were delivered, and they were succeeded by the Mark 3 the same year, longer but slower, and produced to an extent of 235 ships. US Troops made use of some during Operation Torch in November 1942. The Mark 4 was wider and heavier, displacing 350 tons, and carrying nine M4 Sherman or six Churchill tanks. 865 were manufactured until the end of 1942, but British industry was reaching its limits there. In addition, flaws were found in its desig, apparent during the
raid of Dieppe
in fall 1942.
That's why an agreement was found with the US to deliver 470 US-Built Mark 5 or in USN ordnance, LCT(6), from 1942 to 1944. Production of a smaller vessel, more comparable to the Mark 1 but even smaller to be transported more easily. In that regard, it displaced 286 short tons (259 t) (landing), compared to the 640 long tons (650 t) Mark 3. The latter were used in relatively restricted maritime areas, like the channel and bay of biscaye, so transport was not a priority, if practical. These were the largest of all US Amphibuous crafts, shipborne. They could be carried by a LST on deck and launched broadside empty, to make for the lack of range. This was used for its lack of autonomy. More commonly it was transported in sections, 50 tons less each, buoyant and bolted on.
It was specified by the British as an US-built Thornycroft design 100 feets tank lighter, still able to carry medium and heavy tanks. The November 1941 admiralty staff requirements called for a capacity of six 10-ton trucks, three heavy tanks (50 tons) or six medium (27 tons Lee, later Sherman) including two abreast. They were initially planned as point-to-point lighters for the restricted waters of the Mediterranean or Channel. They were planned in fact for the short channel crossing, in planification of future landings in Europe. They were not expected to cross the Atlantic, seaworthiness in that regards was limited. That's when the LSDs comes in handy to carry them fully loaded, coast to coast.
The USN BuShips managed to deliver their own design based on these requirements withing a month, so in December 1941. Production was setup when the US went at war, and in British service it was designated LCT Mark 5, LCT(5) in USN service. Most were delivered via lend-lease, and the Free Polish Navy also obtained some, used later at D-Day.
LCT(6) at Operation Dragoon, landing at St Raphael
The
LCT-6
was basically an improved version, made for operating as a clauseway between an LST and the beach. It had detachable stern plates with a leap beneath it to allow the LST ramp to engage. The LCT(6) were manufactured between June 1942 and December 1944 for a grand total of both combined, of 1465 LCTs according to the identification numbers. postwar suvivors were redesignated LCU and relatively similar classes were derived during the cold war from these. For designation, LCT(7) became the LSM while the LCT mark 8 was unrelated and British only. Sox ships were also converted into underwater object locators AMC(U)1-6.
Specs LCT(5):
Displacement:
283 tons landing
Dimensions:
32 wl/34.80 x 9.96 x 0.86-1.22m (114x 33 x 2-4 ft)
Propulsion:
3 shafts diesels 675 bhp, 8 kts
Range:
1,200 nm at 7 kts, diesel oil 6? tons
Payload:
4 md/3 heavy tanks, 150 t cargo, approx. 120 troops
Crew:
11
Armament:
2x 20mm AA
Specs LCT(6):
Displacement:
309 tons landing
Dimensions:
36.30 x 9.96 x 1.09-1.27m (119x 33 x 3-4 ft)
Crew:
13
Higgins LCP(L) class landing craft (1941)
About Higgins
Andrew Higgins
was in the lumber business in New Orleans until he moved gradually into boat building, a growing and ultimately... only one, after he filled a banckrupcy note in 1930. His wooden flat-bottom fast boats were marketed to trappers (like the 1926 model) and oil-drillers, possibly also underhand to smugglers, in particular during the prohibition. However the 1929 crisis and possibly the end of the prohibition left his company into grave financial difficulties. Ultimately via contacts he earned the interest of the U.S. Navy. A providential one at the end of the 1930s. Indeed, the USMC looked for new ways of safely transport and beach personal in amphibious operations.
The Eureka boat
Higgins Eureka boat was designed to work in the swamps and marshes of south Louisiana. The shallow-draft boat could operate in only 18 inches of water, running through vegetation and over logs and debris without fouling its propeller. It could also run right up on shore and extract itself without damage. As part of his sales demonstrations, Higgins often had the boats run up on the Lake Ponchartrain seawall. Its construction used the "headlog" - a solid block of pine at the bow - and strongest part of the boat, enabling it to run at full speed over floating obstacles, sandbars, and right up on to the beach without damaging the hull.
A deep vee hull forward led to a reverse-curve section amidships and two flat planing sections aft, flanking a semi-tunnel that protected the propeller and shaft. Aerated water flowing under the forefoot of the boat created less friction when the boat was moving and allowed for faster speeds and maneuverability. Because of the reverse curve, objects in the water would be pushed away from the boat at a point between the bow and amidships (including the aerated water—only solid water reached the propeller). This allowed continuous high-speed running and cut down on damage to the propeller, as floating objects seldom came near it. The flat sections aft, on either side of the shaft tunnel, actually had a catamaran/planing effect which added to the hull speed. All of these features contributed to the boat's successful adaptation as a landing craft. The Navy named it the LCPL, or Landing Craft, Personnel, Large. It joined Higgins' LCVP, LCM and PT Boat as mainstays of the fighting Navy in World War II.
The Navy became growingly frustrated by the lack of interest from the Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair. Their rare proposals were almost always off-the-mark. Requirements were enlarged to the private sector and Higgins soon proposed his own boat. Later Higgins would also take on the construction of many MTBs, also vital in the Pacific. But that's a story for another day. His company will deliver successively the LCP(L), LCP(R) and finally the semi-armoured LCVP, improving the concept of landing craft until its pinnacle in 1944.
The LCP(L)
Higgins "
Eureka boat
" was tested in 1938 both by the Navy (to carry them) and US Marine Corps, and its surpassed performance of the Navy-designed boat. It was tested fleet landing exercises in February 1939. The USMC found it satisfactory but the navy expressed its main drawback, as the equipment had to be unloaded manually, which was long and complex, and men disembarked over the sides, exposing them to fire. Still, since it was the best on offer, the Navy approved a contract and production run, called Landing Craft, Personnel (Large), or LCP(L). it was notably caracterized by two machine gun positions at the bow which camed in handy for cover fire on the beach, although leaving the personal largely unprotected. The LCP(L), often simply called "Higgins boat" by the allies, was first supplied to the British from October 1940, where they called it the "R-boat", finding it well suited for their commando raids.
ONI plate of the LCP(L) from the ONI 225 booklet (see the sources)
Author's rendition of the LCP(L) used by the USMC
US Marines accessing a LCP(L) from a rope ladder, a common sight until the end of the war, Fiji invasion 6 July 1942.
Veteran's painting of the evacuation of Matanikau showing a LCP(L) in action with sailors firing Lewis MGs on the foreground.
Reinforcements arrived at Guadalcana from LCP(L)s
LCP(L) from USS Zeilin, training 1942
LCP training at Camp Bradford
LCP(L) from USS Hunter Ligget at Guadalcana, fall 1942
Higgins LCP(R) class landing crafts (1941)
Development of the LCP(R) 1941
US Intel knew however the Japanese had a better "product" on hand already: They had been using since a while already ramp-bowed landing boats, notably their
Daihatsu-class
model in the 1930s second Sino-Japanese War. The Navy and Marine Corps observed them already in 1937 at the
Battle of Shanghai
. Victor H. Krulak saw them first hand and went to show Andrew Higgins a picture of them in April 1941 in Quantico, suggesting he developed a ramped version of his initial design. Higgins briefed his designers on adapting this idea and they developed three crafts without any Navy order on a 36ft LCP(L), on private funds. First tests were performed internally on 21 May on Lake Pontchartrain. The new craft eliminated the danger of disembarking over the sides and for that, featured a bow ramp, proving to be seaworthy enough for short bodies if water. It was beached and could disengage easily enough. The ramp was lowered and lifted without problems.
Design
The LCP(R) was of wooden construction. It had a rugged wooden frame, light plywood sides, but a double plank bottom. It used a thick pine block outer layer, and plywood inside. They wee mosty powered by a Gray Marine 225hp diesel engine also used on the LCP(L). In some case however, less powerful gasoline engines were fitted for practicality. Its capacity was 36 up to 39 fully equipped combat troops. It was alternative to a payload of 8,000lb (), or a light vehicle like the
Jeep
or
Dodge WC
. Despite being made in wood, it still could be lowered, fully loaded, on davits, saving considerable time and making the landing safer.
Comparison between the LCP(L) and LCP(R).
Production and service
On May 26, 1941, Cdr. Ross Daggett (BuShip) and Major Ernest Linsert of the Marine Equipment Board were invited to Higgins test area to see the three craft in action. They performed off-loading a truck, embarking and disembarking 36 Higgins employees as mock soldiers. The Navy was impressed and found a denomination for them, Landing Craft Personnel (Ramp) or LCP(R). Aftr passing all its official acceptance tests in June 1941, it soon entered service and production was ramped up at Higgins facilities, up to 2,572 being built until the Navy preferred the armoured LCVP. These LCP(R) were largely used by the USN, seeing first use in North Africa and Guadalcanal in late 1942, and in 1943 in Sicily, and Tarawa and in Salerno in 1944. However by June they had been replaced by the improved LCVP and declared limited standard. The LCP(R)'s wooden construction however meant it could be badly damaged by beach obstacles, and not immune to enemy fire and shrapnel. It led logically to the next and last step, the composite built and armoured LCVP, of which over 20,000 were built until 1945.
Specifications LCP(R)
Length:
35ft 11.75in (11.18)
Width:
10ft 9.5in (3.30)
Draft:
Light 2ft 6in/ Loaded: 3ft 6in (1.07)
Max. weight:
16,000lb/Loaded 24,100lb (12 tons)
Crew:
3
Engine:
Gray Marine 64HN9 six-cyl. diesel 225hp
Armament:
Two .30in machine guns (alternatives)
LCV and LCVP (1942)
LCVP-118 in Okinawa
Development of the LCV/P
LCVP in training
The LCP(R) was designated LCVP for Landing Craft Vehicle, Personnel, mirroring the fact it was large enough to carry a jeep or lorry and troops at the same time. The LCV was the vehicle-oncly carrier denomination, while the most common LCVP carried both vehicles and personal. The latter was most commonly used and they shared the same basis anyway.
The LCVP as designed was about 36 ft (11 m) long, 11 ft (3.4 m) wide, still small but already way larger than the previous LCPs. It was still powered by a diesel, the same Gray Marine 225-bhp, but some improvments in seaworthiness and the engine itself managed to give the boat a 12 knots speed on calm weather. On choppy seas, it would sway violently because of its flat prow, causing seasickness. It was of composite for the sides and rear (plywood) but the prow was armored by a few mm to offer minimal protection from enemy fire. This saved steel. At least the ramps was way larger than on the LCP(R) as its main bay, allowing to carry a jeep.
Normal capacity was calculated around a platoon, 36 men or in alternative a jeep and a 12 me (squad), or 8,000 lb (3.6 t) of cargo. Like the former vessels it had a shallow draft (3 feet aft, 2 feet, 2 inches fwd) to beach run but still reserve since its propeller was in a semi-tunnel aft, protecting the propeller. The steel ramp had a quick release mechanism. A complete cycle between beaching, unloading and be back to a ship at sea took less than three minutes in the best conditions. Apart armor, the LVCP could no pass reefs or too shallow water, triggering the deveopment of LVTs and their larger adoption. They will prove instrumental to assault pacific lagoons surrounded by extensive reef barriers while LCVPs operated on the ocean-side beaches in general. In all, Higgins manufactured 23,358 of these, until the end of 1945.
The LCV/LCVP in action
General Dwight D. Eisenhower later declared the Higgins boat was crucial to the Allied victory on the European Western Front:
"Andrew Higgins is the man who won the war for us. If Higgins had not designed and built those LCVPs, we never could have landed over an open beach. The whole strategy of the war would have been different."
The Higgins boat saw its first use in Operation Torch in North Africa, the Allied invasion of Sicily, Operation Shingle and Operation Avalanche. Its most massive use was in Operation Overlord and Operation Dragoon, and close to 1945 the Allied Crossing of the Rhine. It saw also a wide use in the Pacific Theatre at the Battle of Guadalcanal, Tarawa, the Philippines, Iwo Jima and Okinawa. But it did not stopped there. Surplus LCVPs were alsi used by the French, modified with a roof and a 20 mm oerlikon cannon, used as "
Dinassauts
" during the First Indochina War in the Mekong (and unmodified ones). They also seen use in Korea, notably at Inchon. Many survived in the civilian market, despite their partly wooden hull, for many years.
Specs LCVP:
Displacement:
8 tons FL
Dimensions:
36 x 10ft 6in x 2fr 2in m (10.97 x 3.20 x 0.66/0.91 m)
Propulsion:
2 shafts diesels 250 bhp, 9 kts
Range:
102 nm at 9 kts
Payload:
36-39 troops, 1 light vehicle, see notes
Crew:
2
Armament:
2x 0.3 in MG
4 views of the LCVP
LCM(3) class landing crafts (1941)
8,631 vessels built by Higgins Industries.
Higgins LCM-3 at Battleship Cove
Landing Ship, Mechanized (Mark 3)
In December 1941, the admiralty decided every landing should be covered by a medium, rather than a light tank. A 50 feet design was ordered. There were two designs: The Bureau of Ship's one was capable of carrying 120,000 lb (54,000 kg) of cargo. The private Higgins one was in appearance very similar to Higgin's LCVP but with a 10-foot (3.0 m) wide load area (front) plus a small armoured (1/4-inch) wheelhouse aft, close to the engine room. In appearance the ended very similar to the LCVP but with slighlty more side buoyancy. It was still partially armoured, with a front steel ramp. Of course the ramp was large enough to allow a M4 Sherman to pass, with grooves along it and the bay to hold the tank in place, brakes on. It was not necessary to secure it. Large an wide, it was slow, but handle the sea better than the LCVP. It was also better armed, with heavy machine guns, placed aft of the loading bay under masks. In all, 8631 were built from late 1942 to 1945 and they were the largest possible ships carried on heavy-duty davits from transport ships;
Specs LCM(3)
Displacement:
52 tons (loaded); 23 tons (empty)
Length:
50 feet (15 m)
Beam:
14 feet (4.3 m)
Draft:
3 feet (0.91 m) (forward); 4 feet (1.2 m) (aft)
Powerplant:
2x Detroit 6V-71 diesel 360 hp
Speed:
8 knots (9.2 mph) (loaded); 11 knots (13 mph) (empty)
Armament:
two .50-cal M2 Browning HMG
Crew:
4
Capacity:
30-ton medium tank/60 troops/60,000 lb (27,000 kg) cargo
LCM(6) class landing crafts (1943)
2,513 built by Higgins industries
Basically this was an LCM (3) extended by 6 feet (1.8 m) amidships for a longer bay. It was redesigned to carry more troops in addition to the 30 tons Sherman Tank, and needed to be longer as a result, with a longer armoured ramp as well and reworked hull shape for better buoyancy, but with no changes in beam or daught. It was a completely different beast altogether, and that included superstructure, dimensions and displacement, and armament. Like the precious LCM(3) they could take place on the deck of an LST, but carried in modular sections, assembled on site. It was way too heavy to be supported by ships davits, but could fit side inside the LSV, side by side as the width was the same.
Many ended during the 1960s as armoured troop carriers (ATCs or "Tangos") for the Mobile Riverine Force in Vietnam or "Monitors" with 105mm guns and "Zippos" with flamethrowers, "Charlie" command variants. See the
Vietnam War Naval Warfare
for more.
Author's illustration of the LCM(6)
Specs LCM(3)
Displacement:
64 tons (loaded)
Length:
56.2 feet (17.1 m)
Powerplant:
2x Detroit 6V-71 diesel/8V-71 diesel engines- 360/460 hp
Speed:
9 knots (10.3 mph, 16.6 kph)
Range:
130 miles (240 km) at 9 knots (17 km/h)
Armament:
two .50-cal M2 Browning HMG
Crew:
5
Capacity:
30-ton medium tank/80 troops, 34 tons cargo
US Navy Support Ships/Crafts
USS Clarion, River, Carronade, White River, St. Francis off Dan Nag, Vietnam, 1967. The ultimate LSM(R) were probably the best, most specialized amphibious support ships of WW2, with a spectacular firepower. They also served in Korea and Vietnam.
LCT LC(R) T125 firing
LSM(R) class fire support ships (1943)
USS LSM-194 of the second sub-group
The first were LSM-188-199, converted as support ships armed with rockets (hence the (R)). They had a single enclosed 5-in gun aft, as well as four 4.2 in mortars plus 85-105 rockets in front. They were armed with a single 5"/38 caliber gun, two 40 mm AA guns and three 20 mm AA guns plus 85 Mk. 51 automatic rocket launchers. The last four LSM(R) 196-199 were rearmed with 75 four 4-rail Mk. 36 rocket launchers, 30 6-rail Mk. 30 rocket launchers and 85 Mk. 51 automatic rocket launcher plus a single 5"/38 caliber gun and two 40 mm AA guns.
USS Pee Dee River, LSM(R)-517 of the 501 group.
48 more ships were later redesigned LSM(R)401-412 and 501-536 with modified superstructures. The LSM(R)-188 was very close to the original LSM, while the LSM(R) class had a new superstructure built right aft, the gun moved forward and ten automatic rocket launchers were placed along the hull, five on each side, instead of simple rails for easy reload, plus two 40 mm Bofors. Total: One 5"/38 caliber, two 40 mm AA guns, four 20 mm AA guns, four 4.2 in (110 mm) mortars up to ten continuous loading 5-inch (130 mm) Ship-to-Shore rocket launchers. The second serie starting with LSM(R)501 was the most heavily armed, with the same single 5"/38 caliber gun, four 40 mm AA guns, eight 20 mm AA guns, four 4.2 in (110 mm) mortars and twenty continuous loading 5-inch (130 mm) Ship-to-Shore rocket launchers.
The last four were finally converted as ARS(D), salvage lifting vessels. Here, uss Gypsy, ARS(D)-1
Specs (LSM(R)188:
Displacement:
968 tons - 1,008 tons FL
Dimensions:
Same as LSM
Machinery:
Same as LSM
Range:
Same as LSM
Armament:
5"/38, 2 × 40 mm, 3 × 20 mm AA, 85 Rockets*
Crew:
80
Specs (LSM(R)401:
Displacement:
968 tons - 1,1175 tons FL
Armament:
1-5in/38, 2x 40 mm AA, 4x 20 mm AA, 4 Mortars, 10 RL
Crew:
144
Specs (LSM(R)501:
Displacement:
968 tons - 1,180 tons FL
Armament:
1-5in/38, 4x 40 mm AA, 8x 20 mm AA, 4 Mortars, 20 RL
Crew:
same
Standard 4.5 in T45 rocker launcher use don support ships and crafts
LCS(L)(3) class fire support craft (1944)
LCS(L)(3)1-LCS(L)(3)130: 130 vessels 1944-1946
In 1943 with the first heavily opposed landings (like at Tarawa) it appeared that both some armor was required on the landing vessels, leading to the LCVP, and heavy support close to the beach was necessary. The first improvized support vessels were LCP(L) converted with their loading bay armed with whatever was available, heavy machine guns or 40 mm guns, mortars or howitzers. This gave birth to the LCS(S) similar to British conversion, of which a few were made (see below). Soon, rockets seemed the best solution. A fully dedicated support vessel called Landing Craft, Support was designed, the L meaning not light but large. The "Landing Craft Support (Large) Mark 3" in the ordnance was later redesignated "Landing Ship Support, Large" (LSSL) from 1949.
Design of the LCS(L)
To accelerate design and construction, it reused the Landing Craft Infantry (LCI). The hull therefore displaced 250 long tons for 158 ft 6 in (48.31 m) long, 23 ft 3 in (7.09 m) wide with a 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) draft fully loaded. It had had a flat bottom and skegs on either side for beaching withiout damaging the propellers.
The anchor was at the stern, coupled with a winch it was used to pull up the ship off the beach. In addition propellers had twin variable pitch. Each shaft was driven by a bank of four Grey Marine (later GM) diesels, same as the landing craft to eas maintenance and training. In total this provided 1,600 horsepower (1,200 kW) and a top speed of 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h), governed to 12 knots (22 km/h) in usual cruise. Range was a comforable 5,500 nautical miles (10,200 km). Since it was likely to be targeted during the close support, the gun mounts, pilot house and conning tower were all plate over by 10 lb (4.5 kg) STS splinter shields. A smoke generator could be used during the approach. Armament comprised a main dual purpose standard 2-inches forward, two twin 40 mm for and aft and four single 20 mm along the hull, plus the rocket launchers
Construction of LCS(L)-26 at Iron Works yard in 1944
Production and service
Only a total of 130 were made, from three selected shipyards: George Lawley & Son (Massachusetts), Commercial Iron Works and Albina Engine Works (Oregon). With many simplifications in design and extreme modularity and standardization, the yards were able to produce one every 10 days in some cases, with fitting out taking a few weeks. They also proved able fire fighting ships, using their onboard fighting manifold at the front of the bow gun and pumps. Despite the way they were built these vessels were resilient and had an exceptionally long career spanning the cold war, until 1997 for some.
Schematics and camouflage pattern, ONI.
LCS(L)(3) Inboard Profile from Plan No. 1711-111-23 by George Lawley & Son Corporation (src erenow.ne).
Specs (LCS(L)(3):
Displacement:
250 tons - 387 tons FL
Dimensions:
48.16 x 7.21 x 1.7 m (158 x 24 x 5 ft 7 in)
Machinery:
2 shaft diesels, 2320 bhp, 16.5 kts
Range:
Oil 76 tons, 5,500 nm
Armament:
1x 5"/38, 4× 40 mm, 4× 20 mm AA, 10 Rockets launchers
Crew:
71
LCS(S) class fire support craft (1943)
558 built (LCS(S)(1) and (2) combined with identification numbers 1943-44
The LCS(S) was the "little brother" of the LCS(L), "S" standing for "small". It was carried on the davits of any assault ship, making it handy for coordinating an attack. Early landings of small islands comprised rarely more than six APA (assault ships), so to allow having at least six of these support LCS(S) nearby, all armed with rocket launchers and smoke pots to cover the approach. Two variants were converted:
-
LCS(S)(1)
or Mark 1, ame with two 0.5 cal. heavy machine guns or three .3 cal. M1919A4 light MGs or one 0.5 and two 0.3. They were essentially gunboats, firing from the beach, possibly with a mortar inside if there was enough room for it. It had a petrol engine, relatively fast at 12 knots for 250 bhp and a range of 115 nm at that speed.
-LCS(S)(2)
Mark 2 was given one 0.5, two 0.3 in MGs and two 12-inches (305 mm) rocket launchers. It was propelled by a 225 bhp diesel for 11.5 knots and had a greater range of 135 nm. Both had light STS armour plates to protect the crew of 6.
Amphibious commander likes them but wanter more powerful armament, notably 20 mm Oerlikon, which was difficult because of its weight and stability. Nevertheless they took part in virtually all amphibious operations in late 1943 and until Okinawa. They worked well combined with the larger LCS(L).
Profile of a LCS(S)(2)
Specs LCS(S)(2):
Displacement:
250 tons - 387 tons FL
Dimensions:
48.16 x 7.21 x 1.7 m (158 x 24 x 5 ft 7 in)
Machinery:
2 shaft diesels, 2320 bhp, 16.5 kts
Range:
Oil 76 tons, 5,500 nm
Armament:
1x 5"/38, 4× 40 mm, 4× 20 mm AA, 10 Rockets launchers
Crew:
71 In October 1943, the doctrine started to change, to privilegy a combination of sea-going support ships and onboard support crafts. The sea going support was likely to be as gunboat (LSG/LCG). To conclude on supprot ships and crafts, the Bureau of Ships (BuShips) studied other alternatived such as a modified version of the LCC control craft (never built, so never converted), the PCS with an armoured pilot house an twin 40 mm, also kept on paper stage, a modified 173 feet PGM, modified SC (Sub-Chaser), fitted with conversion kits on the field to convert it as a barge destroyer, the LCT(5) converted to LCG or LCF.
The LCG (Landing Craft, Gunboat) was a combination of an LCT(5) with more 5-in and 3-in guns in addition to AA. The LCF (For Landing, Ship, Flak)
Conversion of destroyers escorts as gunboat support ships with three 5-in/38 guns was rejected as well as a conversion of 180ft PCE SCs. Admiral King in June 1945 ordered the conversion of more LCI(G) for a total of 400, but it was never implemented.
US Navy Amphibious Vehicles
LVTs at Okinawa
In complement to a massive amphibious craft fleet, troops also were carried to shore using amphibious vehicles, wheeled, either softskin or armoured, and all armed. They were used and developed separately for the US Army and USMC, sometimes used by both. The European theater saw the used mostly of unarmoured vehicle, and the DUKW in that guise, overshadowed all the others. Others were more common in the pacific, like the Weasel, while the latter theater of operation saw a large use of tracked vehicles, which on small islands came in handy as Japanese armour was scarce. The bulk were reserved in China, or spread in penny packets in the largest islands. The Philippines, Iwo Jima, Tarawa, and Okinawa in particular, had tanks units to engage. The tank battles at Okinawa was the last and largest in the pacific.
However, this was the exception. In many other smaller, less strategic island, there was little or no armoured support at all. In those cases, LVTs were perfectly fit to assume this armoured support to the USMC. The acronym, meaning "Landing Vehicle, Tracked", was a way to carry troops to the beach and in the inland as well, but moreover to circumvent the problem of atolls, which often presented a natural obstacle to conventional landing crafts: Coral. In general in all these small pacific volcanic islands and islets, they surrounded lagoons, for which there were little accesses. LVTs just climbed these coral reefs and went over up to the beaches. So they really made a difference. The serie started with the Alligator built in Louisiana, known for its large marshy area, like Florida, and the serie went on up to the LVT-4.
In addition to two powerful diesels housed in the sides to free the central compartment for troops and in some case light vehicles like a jeep, they had an enclosed, armoured compartment for the driver and co-driver, and machine guns aplenty. In some case, conversions were made for close support with a variety of tank turrets. For propulsion in water they did not had propeller screws, that could have been damaged in the reefs, but rather simply grousers on the track links, paddling water backward. In all, from July 1941 to September 1945, 18,616 LVTs of all variants were delivered to the USMC and US Army as well as the allies via lend-lease. The concept was refined during the cold war, introducing new fully enclosed vehicles such as the
LVTP-5
and the
LVTP-7
in the late 1970s.
DUKW
. Produced by GMC this was the standard amphibious truck of the allies in WW2. Based on a standard
GMC-353 truck
, and with 21,147 built it served on all fronts, all operations, from the pacific to russia, fording rivers and lakes as well. They were operated by the LSTs, LSVs, and LSDs in particular.
Ford GPA:
In complete contrast to the success of the GMC DUKW, the "Seep" was a failure. Not so obvious as to cancel it as the US Govt. accepted to purchase 12,778 of these, based on Ford's masterful maketing which sold it as the "amphibious jeep". Alas, when reports made its defaults apparent, production was curtailed in 1943, after less than a year.
M29 Weasel:
Another US Army sofskin vehicle used in amphibious operations (but mostly marshy areas, rivers and lakes), the M29 Weasel was produced by Studebaker from 1942 to 1945 to 15,892 vehicles. It was a tracked utility vehicle called a "cargo carrier", air-transportable, go-anywhere, and partly amphibious. Designed by British Inventor Geoffrey Pyke, it had large tracks to go easily on sand, snow and muck. The M29C Water Weasel was its main variant, fully amphibious. It was even given additional pontoons fore and aft for seaworthiness as well as water pumps and rudders. It was used in Italy, the Western Front, and the Pacific. It also helped crossing the Rhine in 1945. The concept was sound enough more were produced after WW2, and it soldiered in Korea and Vietnam as well.
The
LVT-1 Alligator
was the first vehicle of its kind. It was the First model adopted by the USMC, caracterised by its engine at the back, forcing Marines to jump overboard by the sides. Despite this, 7,225 were manufactured, seeing action in virtually all pacific landings.
The
LVT-2 "Water Buffalo"
was basically an all-out improvement over the LVT-1 with better mobility, carrying 24 Marines. It was declined into the armoured LVT(A)2 as well. 2962 were delivered until late 1943 by the Food & Machinery Corp (FMC) in addition to 2,450 armoured LVT(A)2. They saw action in Tarawa, Roi-Namur, Cape Gloucester, Northern Kwajalein, Saipan, Guam, Tinian, Peleliu, Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
The
LVT-3 Bushmaster
was a brand new concept, designed by the Borg Warner Corporation. It had a ramp aft to dismeblarked troops like in modern APCs. Because it no longer exposed Marines to enemy fire, the model was largely adopted with 2964 built, about the same number as LVT-2s. It was used in Iwo jima, okinawa and was still in use in Korea, taking an important part in the landing at Inchon, in September 1950.
The
LVT-4 Water Buffalo
was the last great wartime type of LVT, basically an improvement over the LVT-2 with a stern ramp for unloading of personnel. It was produced from 1943, with 8,348 vehicles, the largest serie. It saw an extensive use with the British and commonwealth troops as well and made a nice career during the cold war as well, declined into many versions.
The
LVT(A)1
was basically an armoured support version of the Alligator. It was fitted with a standard M3 Stuart turret and introduced by FMC in late 1942. It saw action in number for the first time At Roi-Namur, with the 24th Marines. Other supported the 22nd Marines at Engebi. By mid-1944, they were gradually replaced by the LVT(A)-4.
The LVT(A)-2 Amtrack II was a support version derivative of FMC's LVT-2. It was produced from 1943, after lessons were learned in the South Pacific, asking for more protection. it could carry 18 troops and only 450 units were produced.
The LVT(A)4 was the last support variant of WW2. It was introduced in 1944, making an enormous contribution as it accepted the 75 mm Howitzer Motor Carriage M8 turret, or in some cases, the Canadian Ronson flamethrower. 1,890 units were produced, including 1,307 transferred to US Army and British Army. They saw heavy action in Iwo Jima and Okinawa but in the Korean war as well.
Resources/Read More
Links/Src
//www.navsource.org/archives/phibidx.htm
//www.mightymidgets.org/
//www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/ships-lc.html#lcsl
//vdocuments.mx/oni-226-allied-landing-craft-1943.html
//www.naval-encyclopedia.com/ww2/uk/british-amphibious-ships-and-landing-crafts/
//pwencycl.kgbudge.com/L/c/LCPR_class.htm
//www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/ref/Amphibious/Amphibious-3.html#page17
ONI 225 Landing Crafts (PDF)
//www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/ships-lcpr.html
//www.pwencycl.kgbudge.com/L/c/LCS_class.htm
https://www.navypedia.org/ships/usa/us_aws_lcv_lcsl3.htm
WWII Construction LCS(L) archive
French Dynassault and other ex-US amphibious vessels in Indochina
Combined operations crafts - ONI booklet schemes and drawings USHNM
Article on Higgins boats in popular mech 1935
List of APA ships on history.navy.mil
//erenow.net/ww/american-amphibious-gunboats-wwii-history-lci-lcsl-ships-pacific/2.php
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:World_War_II_amphibious_warfare_vessels_of_the_United_States
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doyen-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilliam-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Funston-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumter-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormsby-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Middleton-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayfield-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Funston-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_John_Penn_(APA-23)
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heywood-class_attack_transport
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris-class_attack_transport
//www.navsource.org/archives/10/14/14001.htm
//drawings.usmaritimecommission.de/drawingmain.htm
//drawings.usmaritimecommission.de/drawings_c3.htm
//www.michaelmcfadyenscuba.info/viewpage.php?page_id=378
//www.navsource.org/archives/10/03/03023.htm
//www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs.html
//www.navalhistory.org/2018/03/01/rocket-ships-a-pictorial-overview
//www.dobrinkman.net/lowndes/ship.htm
//www.hazegray.org/danfs/amphib/
//www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/kenneth-dodson-2/away-all-boats-2/
//www.usslcs102.org/
Document: ONI 226 booklet
The US Navy
ONI 226 Booklet
is a 132-page document delailing all the allied landing crafts, with technical sheets, drawings and schemes. It is our primary source on the subject matter.
Books
Conway's all the world's fighting ships
U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft: An Illustrated Design History Hardcover – November 1, 2002
Friedman, Norman (2002). U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft. Naval Institute Press. p. 190.
American Amphibious Gunboats in World War II: A History of LCI and LCS(L) Ships in the Pacific, by Robin L. Rielly
Landing Ship, Tank (LST) 1942–2002 (New Vanguard Book 115)
Landing Craft, Infantry and Fire Support (New Vanguard Book 157) Gordon L. Rottman, Peter Bull
Videos
Away all boats (1956) - Full movie
History Channel: Hero Ships - Landing Ship Tanks
About the DUKW
Navy Movie amphibious warfare
Navy Movie LSTs
Model Kits corner
Models of the LST (Scalemates)
Bayfield class Airfix 1/400
Review of the kit on steelnavy.com
Artemis class APA Loose cannone 1:700
USS Callaway APA-35, WSW Modellbau | No. 700-24-03 | 1:700
LCVP and LCVP
Many brands, mostly 1/72 but also 1:32, 35 and 48.
LCT models, mostly 1/125 to 1.400
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☸ To read for a better understanding of this website
❢ Abbreviations & acronyms
AA
Anti-Aircraft
AAW
// warfare
AAS
Amphibious Assault Ship
Adm
Admiral
AEW
Airbone early warning
AG
Air Group
AFV
Armored Fighting Vehicle
AMGB
armoured motor gunboat
AP
Armor Piercing
APC
Armored Personal Carrier
AS
Antisubmarine
ASM
Air-to-surface Missile
ASMD
Anti Ship Missile Defence
ASROC
ASW Rockets
ASW
Anti Submarine Warfare
ASWRL
ASW Rocket Launcher
ATW
ahead thrown weapon
avgas
Aviation Gasoline
aw
Above Waterline
AWACS
Airborne warning & control system
BB
Battleship
bhp
brake horsepower
BL
Breach-loader (gun)
BLR
Breach-loading, Rifled (gun)
BU
Broken Up
c
circa
CA
Armoured/Heavy cruiser
Capt.
Captain
Cal
Caliber or ".php"
CG
Missile Cruiser
CIC
Combat Information Center
C-in-C
Commander in Chief
CIWS
Close-in weapon system
CE
Compound Expansion (engine)
Ch
Chantiers ("Yard", FR)
CL
Cruiser, Light
cm
centimeter(s)
CMB
Coastal Motor Boat
CMS
Coastal Minesweeper
CNO
Chief of Naval Operations
Cp
Compound (armor)
Co
Company
COB
Compound Overhad Beam
CODAG
Combined Diesel & Gas
CODOG
Combined Diesel/Gas
COGAG
Combined Gas and Gas
COGOG
Combined Gas/Gas
comm
commissioned
comp
completed
conv
converted
convl
conventional
COSAG
Combined Steam & Gas
CR
Compound Reciprocating
CRCR
Same, connecting rod
CruDiv
Cruiser Division
CP
Controlled Pitch
CT
Conning Tower
CTL
constructive total loss
CTOL
Conv. Take off & landing
CTp
Compound Trunk
cu
cubic
Cyl
Cylinder(s)
CV
Aircraft Carrier
CVA
// Attack
CVE
// Escort
CVL
// Light
CVS
// ASW support
cwt
Hundredweight
DA
Direct Action
DASH
Drone ASW Helicopter
DC
Depht Charge
DCT
// Track
DCR
// Rack
DCT
// Thrower
DD
Destroyer/drydock
DE
Double Expansion
DE
Destroyer Escort
DDE
// Converted
DesRon
Destroyer Squadron
DF
Double Flux
D/F
Direction(finding)
DP
Dual Purpose
DUKW
Amphibious truck
DyD
Dockyard
EOC
Elswick Ordnance Co.
ECM
Electronic Warfare
ESM
Electronic support measure
F
Farenheit
FCS
Fire Control System
FF
Frigate
fps
Feet Per Second
ft
Feets
FY
Fiscal Year
gal
gallons
GM
Metacentric Height
GPMG
General Purpose Machine-gun
GRP
Fiberglass
GRT
Gross Tonnage
GUPPY
Greater Underwater Prop.Pow.
HA
High Angle
HC
Horizontal Compound
HCR
// Reciprocating
HCDA
// Direct Acting
HCDCR
// connecting rod
HDA
// direct acting
HDAC
// acting compound
HDAG
// acting geared
HDAR
// acting reciprocating
HDML
Harbor def. Motor Launch
H/F
High Frequency
HF/DF
// Directional Finding
HMS
Her Majesty Ship
HN
Harvey Nickel
HNC
Horizontal non-condensing hp
HP
High Pressure
hp
horizontal
HQ
Headquarter
HR
Horizontal reciprocating
HRCR
// connecting rod
HS
Harbor Service
HS(E)
Horizontal single (expansion)
HSET
// trunk
HT
Horizontal trunk
HTE
// expansion
IC
Inverted Compound
IDA
Inverted direct acting
IFF
Identification Friend or Foe
ihp
indicated horsepower
IMF
Inshore Minesweeper
in
Inche(s)
irc
ironclad
KC
Krupp, cemented
kg
Kilogram
KNC
// non cemented
km
Kilometer
kt(s)
Knot(s)
kw
kilowatt
ib
pound(s)
LA
Low Angle
LC
Landing Craft
LCA
// Assault
LCAC
// Air Cushion
LFC
// Flak (AA)
LCG
// Gunboat
LCG(L)
/// Large
LCG(M)
/// Medium
LCG(S)
/// Small
LCI
// Infantry
LCM
// Mechanized
LCP
// Personel
LCP(R)
/// Rocket
LCS
// Support
LCT
// Tanks
LCV
// Vehicles
LCVP
/// Personal
LCU
// Utility
loco
locomotive (boiler)
LSC
Landing ship, support
LSD
// Dock
LSF
// Fighter (direction)
LSM
// Medium
LSS
// Stern chute
LST
// Tank
LSV
// Vehicle
LP
low pressure
lwl
lenght waterline
m
metre(s)
M
Model
MA/SB
motor AS boat
max
maximum
MG
Machine Gun
MGB
Motor Gunboat
MLS
Minelayer/Sweeper
ML
Motor Launch
MMS
Motor Minesweper
MT
Military Transport
MTB
Motor Torpedo Boat
HMG
Heavy Machine Gun
MCM(V)
Mine countermeasure Vessel
min
minute(s)
Mk
Mark
ML
Muzzle loading
MLR
// rifled
MSO
Ocean Minesweeper
mm
millimetre
NC
non condensing
nhp
nominal horsepower
nm
Nautical miles
N°
Number
NBC/ABC
Nuc. Bact. Nuclear
NS
Nickel steel
NTDS
Nav.Tactical Def.System
NyD
Naval Yard
oa
Overall
OPV
Offshore Patrol Vessel
PC
Patrol Craft
PDMS
Point Defence Missile System
pdr
pounder
pp
perpendicular
psi
pounds per square inch
PVDS
Propelled variable-depth sonar
QF
Quick Fire
QFC
// converted
RAdm
Rear Admiral
RC
Radio-control/led
RCR
return connecting rod
rec
Rectangular
rev
Revolver
RF
Rapid Fire
RPC
Remote Control
rpg
Round per gun
SAM
Surface to air Missile
SAR
Search Air Rescue
sb
Smoothbore
SB
Ship Builder
SC
Sub-chaser (hunter)
SSBN
Ballistic Missile sub.Nuclear
SE
Simple Expansion
SET
// trunk
SG
Steeple-geared
shp
Shaft horsepower
SH
simple horizontal
SOSUS
Sound Surv. System
SPR
simple pressure horiz.
sq
square
SS
Submarine (Conv.)
SSM
Surface-surface Missile
sub
submerged
sf
steam frigate
SLBM
Sub.Launched Ballistic Missile
spf
steam paddle frigate
STOVL
Short Take off/landing
SUBROC
Sub.Fired ASW Rocket
t
ton, long (short in bracket)
TACAN
Tactical Air Nav.
TB
Torpedo Boat
TBD
// destroyer
TC
Torpedo carriage
TE
Triple expansion
TER
// reciprocating
TF
Task Force
TGB
Torpedo gunboat
TG
Task Group
TL
Torpedo launcher
TLC
// carriage
TNT
Trinitroluene
TS
Training Ship
TT
Torpedo Tube
UDT
Underwater Demolition Team
UHF
Ultra High Frequency
Vadm
Vice Admiral
VC
Vertical compound
VCE
// expansion
VDE
/ double expansion
VDS
Variable Depth Sonar
VIC
/ inverted compound
VLF
Very Low Frequency
VQL
/ quadruple expansion
VSTOL
Vertical/short take off/landing
VTE
/ triple expansion
VTOL
Vertical take off/landing
VSE
/ Simple Expansion
wks
Works
wl
waterline
WT
Wireless Telegraphy
x
number of
Yd
Yard
Organizations
GIUK
Greenland-Iceland-UK
BuShips
Bureau of Ships
DBM
German Navy League
GB
Great Britain
DNC
Directorate of Naval Construction
EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
FAA
Fleet Air Arm
FNFL
Free French Navy
JMSDF
Jap.Mar.Self-Def.Force
MDAP
Mutual Def.Assistance Prog.
MSA
Maritime Safety Agency
NATO
RAF
Royal Air Force
RAN
Royal Australian Navy
RCN
Royal Canadian Navy
R&D
Research & Development
RN
Royal Navy
RNZN
Royal New Zealand Navy
ussr
Union of Socialist Republics
UE/EEC
European Union/Comunity
UN
United Nations Org.
USN
United States Navy
WaPac
Warsaw Pact
⛶ Pre-Industrial Eras
☀ Introduction
☀ Neolithic to bronze age
⚚ Antique
⚜ Medieval
⚜ Renaissance
⚜ Enlightenment
⚔ Naval Battles
⚔ Pre-Industrial Battles
☍ See the page
Salamis
Cape Ecnomus
Actium
Red Cliffs
Battle of the Masts
Yamen
Lake Poyang
Lepanto
Vyborg Bay
Svensksund
Trafalgar
Sinope
⚔ Industrial Era Battles
☍ See the page
Crimean War 1855
Boshin war 1860s
US Civil War 1861-65
US Civil War 1861-65
Lissa 1866
Yalu 1894
The 1898 war
Santiago July 1898
Manila June 1898
Tsushima
⚔ WW1 Naval Battles
☍ See the Page
Elli & Lemnos (1912-13)
Königin Luise attack (1914)
Souchon Escape (1914)
Antivari (1914)
Heligoland (1914)
Odensholm (1914)
Tsingtao (1914)
Cape Sarytch (1914)
Coronel (1914)
Falklands (1914)
Gotland (1915)
Emden's Odyssey (1915)
Lake Tanganyika (1915)
Dardanelles (1915)
Lusitania (1915)
Adriatic (1915-18)
Dover Strait (1916-17)
Jutland (1916)
Moon Island (1917)
Otranto Strait (1917)
Heligoland (1917)
Imbros (1918)
Zeebruge raid (1918)
Scuttling of the Hochseeflotte (1919)
⚔ WW2 Naval Battles
☍ See the Page
Dunkirk, May 1940
Operation Vado 13 June 1940
Battle of Hanko July 1941
Battle of the Atlantic
Malta Invasion
Midway 4-7 June 1942
US Amphibious Ops
British amphibious Ops
Operation Torch
Operation Husky
Operation Baytown
Operation Avalanche
Operation Shingle
Operation Overlord
Operation Anvil Dragoon
Operation Watchover
Goodenough Island Battle
Operation Cleanslate
Operation Toenails
Makin Campaign
Operation Galvanic
Operation Flintlock
Operation Catchpole
Operation Forager
Operation Detachment
Operation Iceberg
Operation Downfall
⚔ Crimean War
Austrian Navy
☍ See the page
SMS Kaiser
Radetzky class
Erzherzog Friedrich class
Novara class
French Navy
☍ See the page
Screw Ships of the Line
Navarin class (1854)
Duquesne class (1853)
Fleurus class (1853)
Montebello (1852)
Austerlitz (1852)
Jean Bart (1852)
Charlemagne (1851)
Napoleon (1850)
Sailing Ships of the Line
Valmy (1847)
Ocean class (1805)
Hercules class (1836)
Iéna class (1814)
Jupiter (1831)
Duperré (1840)
Screw Frigates
Pomone (1845)
Isly (1849)
Bellone (1853)
D’Assas class (1854)
Screw Corvettes
Primauguet class (1852)
Roland (1850)
Royal Navy
☍ See the page
Duke of Wellington
Conqueror (1855)
Marlborough (1855)
Royal Albert (1854)
St Jean D’Acre (1853)
Waterloo (1833
Sailing ships of the Line
Sailing Frigates
Sailing Corvettes
Screw two deckers
Screw frigates
Screw Corvettes
Screw guard ships
Paddle frigates
Paddle corvettes
Screw sloops
Paddle sloops
Screw gunboats
Brigs
⚑ 1870 Fleets
Armada Espanola
☍ See the Page
Numancia (1863)
Tetuan (1863)
Vitoria (1865)
Arapiles (1864)
Zaragosa (1867)
Sagunto (1869)
Mendez Nunez (1869)
Spanish wooden s. frigates (1861-65)
Frigate Tornado (1865)
Frigate Maria de Molina (1868)
Spanish sail gunboats (1861-65)
K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
Ironclad Kaiser (1850-70)
Drache class BD. Ironclads (1861)
Kaiser Max class BD. Ironclads (1862)
Erzherzog F. Max class BD. Ironclads (1865)
SMS Lissa Ct. Bat. Ships (1869)
SMS Novara Frigate (1850)
SMS Schwarzenberg Frigate (1853)
Radetzky class frigates (1854)
Erzherzog Friedrich class corvettes (1853)
SMS Helgoland Sloop (1867)
Dansk Marine
Dannebrog (1863)
Peder Skram (1864)
Danmark (1864)
Rolf Krake (1864)
Lindormen (1868)
Jylland CR (1860)
Tordenskjold CR (1862)
Dagmar SP (1861)
Absalon class GB (1862)
Fylla class GB (1863)
Nautiko Hellenon
Basileos Giorgios (1867)
Basilisa Olga (1869)
Sloop Hellas (1861)
Koninklije Marine 1870
Dutch Screw Frigates & corvettes
De Ruyter Bd Ironclad (1863)
Prins H. der Neth. Turret ship (1866)
Buffel class turret rams (1868)
Skorpioen class turret rams (1868)
Heiligerlee class Monitors (1868)
Bloedhond class Monitors (1869)
Adder class Monitors (1870)
A.H.Van Nassau Frigate (1861)
A.Paulowna Frigate (1867)
Djambi class corvettes (1860)
Amstel class Gunboats (1860)
Marine Nationale
☍ See the Page
Screw 3-deckers (1850-58)
Screw 2-deckers (1852-59)
Screw Frigates (1849-59)
Conv. sailing frigates
Screw Corvettes (1846-59)
Screw Fl. Batteries (1855)
Paddle Frigates
Paddle Corvettes
screw sloops
screw gunboats
Sailing ships of the line
Sailing frigates
Sailing corvettes
Sailing bricks
Gloire class Bd. Ironclads (1859)
Couronne Bd. Ironclad (1861)
Magenta class Bd. Ironclads (1861)
Palestro class Flt. Batteries (1862)
Arrogante class Flt. Batteries (1864)
Provence class Bd. Ironclads (1864)
Embuscade class Flt. Batteries (1865)
Taureau arm. ram (1865)
Belliqueuse Bd. Ironclad (1865)
Alma Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1867)
Ocean class CT Battery ship (1868)
Cosmao class cruisers (1861)
Talisman cruisers (1862)
Resolue cruisers (1863)
Venus class cruisers (1864)
Decres cruiser (1866)
Desaix cruiser (1866)
Limier class cruisers (1867)
Linois cruiser (1867)
Chateaurenault cruiser (1868)
Infernet class Cruisers (1869)
Bourayne class Cruisers (1869)
Cruiser Hirondelle (1869)
Curieux class sloops (1860)
Adonis class sloops (1863)
Guichen class sloops (1865)
Sloop Renard (1866)
Bruix class sloops (1867)
Pique class gunboats (1862)
Hache class gunboats (1862)
Arbalete class gunboats (1866)
Etendard class gunboats (1868)
Revolver class gunboats (1869)
Marinha do Brasil
Barrozo class (1864)
Brasil (1864)
Tamandare (1865)
Lima Barros (1865)
Rio de Janeiro (1865)
Silvado (1866)
Mariz E Barros class (1866)
Carbal class (1866)
Osmanlı Donanması
Osmanieh class Bd.Ironclads (1864)
Assari Tewfik (1868)
Assari Shevket class Ct. Ironclads (1868)
Lufti Djelil class CDS (1868)
Avni Illah class cas.ironclads (1869)
Fethi Bulend class cas.ironclads (1870)
Barbette ironclad Idjalleh (1870)
Messudieh class Ct.Bat.ships (1874)
Hamidieh Ct.Bat.Ironclads (1885)
Abdul Kadir Battleships (project)
Frigate Ertrogul (1863)
Selimieh (1865)
Rehberi Tewkik (1875)
Mehmet Selim (1876)
Sloops & despatch vessels
Marina Do Peru
Monitor Atahualpa (1865)
CT. Bat Independencia (1865)
Turret ship Huascar (1865)
Frigate Apurimac (1855)
Corvette America (1865)
Corvette Union (1865)
Marinha do Portugal
Bartolomeu Dias class (28-guns) steam frigates
Sagris (14 guns) steam corvette
Vasco Da Gama (74 guns) Ship of the Line
Dom Fernando I e Gloria (50) Sailing Frigate
Dom Joao I class (14 guns) Sailing corvettes
Portuguese Side-wheel steamers
Regia Marina 1870
Formidabile class (1861)
Pr. de Carignano class (1863)
Re d'Italia class (1864)
Regina maria Pia class (1863)
Roma class (1865)
Affondatore (1865)
Palestro class (1865)
Guerriera class (1866)
Cappelini class (1868)
Sesia DV (1862)
Esploratore class DV (1863)
Vedetta DV (1866)
Nihhon Kaigun 1870
Ironclad Ruyjo (1868)
Ironclad Kotetsu (1868)
Frigate Fujiyama (1864)
Frigate Kasuga (1863)
Corvette Asama (1869)
Gunboat Raiden (1856)
Gunboat Chiyodogata (1863)
Teibo class GB (1866)
Gunboat Mushun (1865)
Gunboat Hosho (1868)
Preußische Marine 1870
Prinz Adalbert (1864)
Arminius (1864)
Friedrich Carl (1867)
Kronprinz (1867)
K.Whilhelm (1868)
Arcona class Frigates (1858)
Nymphe class Frigates (1863)
Augusta class Frigates (1864)
Jäger class gunboats (1860)
Chamaleon class gunboats (1860)
Russkiy Flot 1870
Ironclad Sevastopol (1864)
Ironclad Petropavlovsk (1864)
Ironclad Smerch (1864)
Pervenetz class (1863)
Charodeika class (1867)
Admiral Lazarev class (1867)
Ironclad Kniaz Pojarski (1867)
Bronenosetz class monitors (1867)
Admiral Chichagov class (1868)
S3D Imperator Nicolai I (1860)
S3D Sinop (1860)
S3D Tsessarevich (1860)
Russian screw two-deckers (1856-59)
Russian screw frigates (1854-61)
Russian screw corvettes (1856-60)
Russian screw sloops (1856-60)
Varyag class Corvettes (1862)
Almaz class Sloops (1861)
Opyt TGBT (1861)
Sobol class TGBT (1863)
Pishtchal class TGBT (1866)
Svenska marinen
Ericsson class monitors (1865)
Frigate Karl XIV (1854)
Frigate Stockholm (1856)
Corvette Gefle (1848)
Corvette Orädd (1853)
Søværnet
Skorpionen class (1866)
Frigate Stolaf (1856)
Frigate Kong Sverre (1860)
Frigate Nordstjerna (1862)
Frigate Vanadis (1862)
Glommen class gunboats (1863)
Union Navy
☍ See the Page
Union Sailing ships
monitors & armored ships
USS New Ironsides (1862)
USS monitor (1862)
USS Galena (1862)
Passaic class
USS Roanoke
USS Onondaga
Miantonomoh class
USS Dictator
USS Puritan
Canonicus class
Kalamazoo class
Milwaukee class
Casco class
USS Keokuk (1862)
wooden screw Frigates
Wampanoag class (1864)
USS Chattanooga (1864)
USS Idaho (1864)
wooden screw sloops
Ossipee class (1862)
USS Sacramento (1862)
Ticonderoga class (1862)
Gunboats
Unadilla class gunboats (1861)
Kansas class (1862)
Octorara class (1862)
Sassacus class (1862)
Mohongo class (1863)
USS Spuyten Duyvil (1864)
USS Alligator (1862)
Confederate Navy
☍ See the Page
CSS Frederickburg (1862)
CSS Savannah (1863)
CSS Stonewall (1864)
CSS Virginia II
CSS Tennessee
CSS Nashville
Commerce Raiders
Ajax class Iron Gunboats
CSS David (1862)
CSS HL Hunley (1863)
'Old Navy'(1865-1885)
☍ See the Page
Dunderberg Bd Ironclad (1865)
Wampanoag class frigates (1864)
Frigate Chattanooga & Idaho (1864)
Frigate Idaho (1864)
Java class frigates (1865)
Contookook class frigates (1865)
Frigate Trenton (1876)
Swatara class sloops (1865)
Alaska class sloops (1868)
Galena class sloops (1873)
Enterprise class sloops (1874)
Alert class sloops (1873)
Alarm torpedo ram (1873)
Intrepid torpedo ram (1874)
⚑ 1890 Fleets
Armada de Argentina
Parana class (1873)
La Plata class (1875)
Pilcomayo class (1875)
Ferre class (1880)
K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
Custoza (1872)
Erzherzog Albrecht (1872)
Kaiser (1871)
Kaiser Max class (1875)
Tegetthoff (1878)
Radetzky(ii) class (1872)
SMS Donau(ii) (1874)
SMS Donau(iii) (1893)
Erzherzog Friedrich class (1878)
Saida (1878)
Fasana (1870)
Aurora class (1873)
Imperial Chinese Navy
Hai An class frigates (1872)
Dansk Marine
Tordenskjold (1880)
Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
Skjold (1896)
Cruiser Fyen (1882)
Cruiser Valkyrien (1888)
Nautiko Hellenon
Spetsai class (1889)
Nauarchos Miaoulis (1889)
Greek Torpedo Boats (1881-85)
Greek Gunboats (1861-84)
Marine Haitienne
Gunboat St Michael (1970)
Gunboat "1804" (1875)
Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
Gunboat Toussaint Louverture (1886)
Koninklije Marine
Konigin der Netherland (1874)
Draak, monitor (1877)
Matador, monitor (1878)
R. Claeszen, monitor (1891)
Evertsen class CDS (1894)
Atjeh class cruisers (1876)
Cruiser Sumatra (1890)
Cruiser K.W. Der. Neth (1892)
Banda class Gunboats (1872)
Pontania class Gunboats (1873)
Gunboat Aruba (1873)
Hydra Gunboat class (1873)
Batavia class Gunboats (1877)
Wodan Gunboat class (1877)
Ceram class Gunboats (1887)
Combok class Gunboats (1891)
Borneo Gunboat (1892)
Nias class Gunboats (1895)
Koetei class Gunboats (1898)
Dutch sloops (1864-85)
Marine Nationale
☍ See the Page
Friedland CT Battery ship (1873)
Richelieu CT Battery ship (1873)
Colbert class CT Battery ships (1875)
Redoutable CT Battery ship (1876)
Courbet class CT Battery ships (1879)
Amiral Duperre barbette ship (1879)
Terrible class barbette ships (1883)
Amiral Baudin class barbette ships (1883)
Barbette ship Hoche (1886)
Marceau class barbette ships (1888)
Cerbere class Arm.Ram (1870)
Tonnerre class Br.Monitors (1875)
Tempete class Br.Monitors (1876)
Tonnant ironclad (1880)
Furieux ironclad (1883)
Fusee class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
Acheron class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
Jemmapes class (1892)
Bouvines class (1892)
La Galissonière Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1872)
Bayard class barbette ships (1879)
Vauban class barbette ships (1882)
Prot. Cruiser Sfax (1884)
Prot. Cruiser Tage (1886)
Prot. Cruiser Amiral Cécille (1888)
Prot. Cruiser Davout (1889)
Forbin class Cruisers (1888)
Troude class Cruisers (1888)
Alger class Cruisers (1891)
Friant class Cruisers (1893)
Prot. Cruiser Suchet (1893)
Descartes class Cruisers (1893)
Linois class Cruisers (1896)
D'Assas class Cruisers (1896)
Catinat class Cruisers (1896)
R. de Genouilly class Cruisers (1876)
Cruiser Duquesne (1876)
Cruiser Tourville (1876)
Cruiser Duguay-Trouin (1877)
Laperouse class Cruisers (1877)
Villars class Cruisers (1879)
Cruiser Iphigenie (1881)
Cruiser Naiade (1881)
Cruiser Arethuse (1882)
Cruiser Dubourdieu (1884)
Cruiser Milan (1884)
Parseval class sloops (1876)
Bisson class sloops (1874)
Epee class gunboats (1873)
Crocodile class gunboats (1874)
Tromblon class gunboats (1875)
Condor class Torpedo Cruisers (1885)
G. Charmes class gunboats (1886)
Inconstant class sloops (1887)
Bombe class Torpedo Cruisers (1887)
Wattignies class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
Levrier class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
Marinha do Brasil
Siete de Setembro class (1874)
Riachuleo class (1883)
Marinha do Portugal
☍ See the Page
Coastal Battleship Vasco da Gama (1875)
Portuguese Torpedo Boats
Portuguese Gunboats
Mexico
GB Indipendencia (1874)
GB Democrata (1875)
Osmanlı Donanması
Cruiser Heibtnuma (1890)
Cruiser Lufti Humayun (1892)
Cruiser Hadevendighar (1892)
Shadieh class cruisers (1893)
Turkish TBs (1885-94)
Regia Marina
Pr. Amadeo class (1871)
Caio Duilio class (1879)
Italia class (1885)
Ruggero di Lauria class (1884)
Carracciolo (1869)
Vettor Pisani (1869)
Cristoforo Colombo (1875)
Flavio Goia (1881)
Amerigo Vespucci (1882)
C. Colombo (ii) (1892)
Pietro Micca (1876)
Tripoli (1886)
Goito class (1887)
Folgore class (1887)
Partenope class (1889)
Giovanni Bausan (1883)
Etna class (1885)
Dogali (1885)
Piemonte (1888)
Staffeta (1876)
Rapido (1876)
Barbarigo class (1879)
Messagero (1885)
Archimede class (1887)
Guardiano class GB (1874)
Scilla class GB (1874)
Provana class GB (1884)
Curtatone class GB (1887)
Castore class GB (1888)
Nihhon Kaigun
Ironclad Fuso (1877)
Kongo class Ironclads (1877)
Cruiser Tsukushi (1880)
Cruiser Takao (1888)
Cruiser Yaeyama (1889)
Cruiser Chishima (1890)
Cruiser Tatsuta (1894)
Cruiser Miyako (1898)
Frigate Nisshin (1869)
Frigate Tsukuba (acq.1870)
Kaimon class CVT (1882)
Katsuragi class SCVT (1885)
Sloop Seiki (1875)
Sloop Amagi (1877)
Corvette Jingei (1876)
Gunboat Banjo (1878)
Maya class GB (1886)
Gunboat Oshima (1891)
Kaiserliche Marine
Ironclad Hansa (1872)
G.Kurfürst class (1873)
Kaiser class (1874)
Sachsen class (1877)
Ironclad Oldenburg (1884)
Ariadne class CVT (1871)
Leipzig class CVT (1875)
Bismarck class CVT (1877)
Carola class CVT (1880)
Corvette Nixe (1885)
Corvette Charlotte (1885)
Schwalbe class Cruisers (1887)
Bussard class (1890)
Aviso Zieten (1876)
Blitz class Avisos (1882)
Aviso Greif (1886)
Wacht class Avisos (1887)
Meteor class Avisos (1890)
Albatross class GBT (1871)
Cyclop GBT (1874)
Otter GBT (1877)
Wolf class GBT (1878)
Habitch class GBT (1879)
Hay GBT (1881)
Eber GBT (1881)
Rhein class Monitors (1872)
Wespe class Monitors (1876)
Brummer class Arm.Steamers (1884)
Russkiy Flot
Petr Velikiy (1872)
Ekaterina class ICL (1886)
Imperator Alexander class ICL (1887)
Ironclad Gangut (1890)
Admiral Ushakov class (1893)
Navarin (1893)
Petropavlovsk class (1894)
Sissoi Veliky (1896)
Minin (1866)
G.Admiral class (1875)
Pamiat Merkuria (1879)
V.Monomakh (1882)
D.Donskoi (1883)
Adm.Nakhimov (1883)
Vitiaz class (1884)
Pamiat Azova (1886)
Adm.Kornilov (1887)
Rurik (1895)
Svetlana (1896)
Gunboat Ersh (1874)
Kreiser class sloops (1875)
Gunboat Nerpa (1877)
Burun class Gunboats (1879)
Sivuch class Gunboats (1884)
Korietz class Gunboats (1886)
Kubanetz class Gunboats (1887)
TGBT Lt.Ilin (1886)
TGBT Kp.Saken (1889)
Kazarski class TGBT (1889)
Grozyaschi class AGBT (1890)
Gunboat Khrabri (1895)
T.Gunboat Abrek (1896)
Amur class minelayers (1898)
Marina Do Peru
Lima class Cruisers (1880)
Chilean TBs (1879)
Svenska Marinen
Monitor Loke (1871)
Svea class Coast Defence Ships (1886)
Berserk class (1873)
Sloop Balder (1870)
Blenda class GB (1874)
Urd class GB (1877)
Gunboat Edda (1885)
Søværnet
Lindormen (1868)
Gorm (1870)
Odin (1872)
Helgoland (1878)
Tordenskjold (1880)
Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
Royal Navy 1898
Hotspur (1870)
Glatton (1871)
Devastation class (1871)
Cyclops class (1871)
Rupert (1874)
Neptune class (1874)
Dreadnought (1875)
Inflexible (1876)
Agamemnon class (1879)
Conqueror class (1881)
Colossus class (1882)
Admiral class (1882)
Trafalgar class (1887)
Victoria class (1890)
Royal Sovereign class (1891)
Centurion class (1892)
Renown (1895)
HMS Shannon (1875)
Nelson class (1876)
Iris class (1877)
Leander class (1882)
Imperieuse class (1883)
Mersey class (1885)
Surprise class (1885)
Scout class (1885)
Archer class (1885)
Orlando class (1886)
Medea class (1888)
Barracouta class (1889)
Barham class (1889)
Pearl class (1889)
1870-90 Torpedo Boats
Armada 1898
Ironclad Pelayo (1887)
Aragon class (1879)
Velasco class (1881)
Isla de Luzon (1886)
Alfonso XII class (1887)
Reina Regentes class (1887)
Infanta Maria Teresa class (1890)
Emperador Carlos V (1895)
Cristobal Colon (1896)
Princesa de Asturias class (1896)
Destructor class (1886)
Temerario class (1891)
TGunboat Filipinas (1892)
De Molina class (1896)
Furor class (1896)
Audaz class (1897)
Spanish TBs (1878-87)
Fernando class gunboats (1875)
Concha class gunboats (1883)
1898 US Navy
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USS Maine (1889)
USS Texas (1892)
Indiana class (1893)
USS Iowa (1896)
Amphitrite class (1876)
USS Puritan (1882)
USS Monterey (1891)
Atlanta class (1884)
USS Chicago (1885)
USS Charleston (1888)
USS Baltimore (1888)
USS Philadelphia (1889)
USS San Francisco (1889)
USS Newark (1890)
USS New York (1891)
USS Olympia (1892)
Cincinatti class (1892)
Montgomery class (1893)
Columbia class (1893)
USS Brooklyn (1895)
USS Vesuvius (1888)
USS Katahdin (1893)
USN Torpedo Boats (1886-1901)
GB USS Dolphin (1884)
Yorktown class GB (1888)
GB USS Petrel (1888)
GB USS Bancroft (1892)
Machias class GB (1891)
GB USS Nashville (1895)
Wilmington class GB (1895)
Annapolis class GB (1896)
Wheeling class GB (1897)
Small gunboats (1886-95)
St Louis class AMC (1894)
Harvard class AMC (1888)
USN Armoured Merchant Cruisers
USN Armed Yachts
WW1
☉ Entente Fleets
US Navy
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WW1 American Battleships
USS Texas (1891)
USS Iowa (1896)
Indiana class battleships (1898)
Kearsage class battleships (1898)
Illinois class (1898)
Maine class (1901)
Virginia class (1904)
Connecticut class (1905)
Mississippi class (1906)
South Carolina class battleships (1908)
Delaware class battleships (1909)
Florida class battleships (1910)
Arkansas class battleships (1911)
New York class Battleships (1912)
Nevada class Battleships (1914)
Pennsylvania class (1915)
New Mexico class battleships (1917)
Tennessee class battleships (1919)
Colorado class battleships (1920)
South Dakota class battleships (1920)
Lexington class battlecruisers (1921)
WW1 US Cruisers
Atlanta class (1885)
USS Chicago (1885)
USS Charleston (1887)
Baltimore class (1888)
USS Philadelphia (1889)
USS San Francisco (1889)
USS Newark (1890)
USS New York (1891)
Montgomery class (1891)
USS Olympia (1892)
Cincinatti class (1892)
Columbia class (1893)
USS Brooklyn (1895)
New Orleans class (1896)
USS Maine (1896)
Denver class (1902)
Pittsburg (Pennslvania) class (1903)
St Louis class (1904)
Memphis (Tennessee) class (1904)
Chester class (1907)
Omaha class (1920)
WW1 USN Destroyers
Bainbridge Class
Truxtun Class
Smith Class
Paulding Class
Cassin Class
O'brien Class
Tucker Class
Sampson Class
Caldwell Class
Wickes Class
Clemson Class
WW1 American Submarines
USS Holland 1897
A class subs 1901
B class subs 1906
C class subs 1907
D class subs 1909
E class subs 1911
F class subs 1911
G class subs 1911
H class subs 1913
K class subs 1914
L class subs 1915
M class subs 1915
N class subs 1916
O class subs 1917
R class subs 1917
S class subs 1918
T(AA) class subs 1918
American Torpedo Boats (1885-1901)
WW1 USN Gunboats
WW1 USN Monitors
WW1 USN Armed Merchant cruisers
WW1 USN armed Yachts
Eagle Boats (1918)
SC 110 ft (1917)
Shawmut class minelayers (1907)
Bird class minesweepers (1917)
Royal Navy
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WW1 British Battleships
Centurion class (1892)
Majestic class (1894)
Canopus class (1897)
Formidable class (1898)
London class (1899)
Duncan class (1901)
King Edward VII class (1903)
Swiftsure class (1903)
Lord Nelson class (1906)
HMS Dreadnought (1906)
Bellorophon class (1907)
St Vincent class (1908)
HMS Neptune (1909)
Colossus class (1910)
Orion class (1911)
King George V class (1911)
Iron Duke class (1912)
Queen Elizabeth class (1913)
HMS Canada (1913)
HMS Agincourt (1913)
HMS Erin (1915)
Revenge class (1915)
N3 class (1920)
WW1 British Battlecruisers
Invincible class (1907)
Indefatigable class (1909)
Lion class (1910)
HMS Tiger (1913)
Renown class (1916)
Courageous class (1916)
G3 class (1918)
ww1 British cruisers
Blake class (1889)
Edgar class (1890)
Powerful class (1895)
Diadem class (1896)
Cressy class (1900)
Drake class (1901)
Monmouth class (1901)
Devonshire class (1903)
Duke of Edinburgh class (1904)
Warrior class (1905)
Minotaur class (1906)
Hawkins class (1917)
Apollo class (1890)
Astraea class (1893)
Eclipse class (1894)
Arrogant class (1896)
Pelorus class (1896)
Highflyer class (1898)
Gem class (1903)
Adventure class (1904)
Forward class (1904)
Pathfinder class (1904)
Sentinel class (1904)
Boadicea class (1908)
Blonde class (1910)
Active class (1911)
'Town' class (1909-1913)
Arethusa class (1913)
'C' class series (1914-1922)
'D' class (1918)
'E' class (1918)
WW1 British Seaplane Carriers
HMS Ark Royal (1914)
HMS Campania (1893)
HMS Argus (1917)
HMS Furious (1917)
HMS Vindictive (1918)
HMS Hermes (1919)
WW1 British Destroyers
Reclassified DDs (A, B, C, D class)
26-knotters (1893)
27-knotters (1894)
30-knotters (1895-99)
33-knotters (1896-1901)
Prewar DDs
HM Turbinia (1897)
HMS Viper (1897)
HMS Cobra (1899)
HMS Velox (1899)
River class (1903)
Tribal class (1907)
Cricket class (1906)
HMS Swift (1907)
Albacore class (1906)
Beagle class (1909)
Acorn class (1910)
Acheron class (1911)
Acasta class (1912)
Laforey class (1913)
Wartime DDs
M/repeat M class (1914)
Faulknor class FL (1914)
Lightfoote class FL (1914)
Medea class (1914)
Talisman class (1915)
Parker claqs FL (1916)
R/Mod R class (1916)
V class FL (1917)
Skakespeare class FL (1917)
Scott class FL (1917)
V class (1917)
W/Mod W class (1917)
S class (1918)
WW1 British Torpedo Boats
125ft series (1885)
140ft series (1892)
160ft series (1901)
WW1 British Submarines
Nordenfelt Submarines (1885)
Holland Type (1901)
A-Class Type (1902)
B-Class Type (1904)
C-Class Type (1906)
D-Class Type (1908)
E-Class Type (1912)
S-Class Type (1914)
V-Class Type (1914)
W-Class Type (1914)
F-Class Type (1915)
H-class Type (1914)
HMS Nautilus (1914)
HMS Swordfish (1916)
G-Class Type (1915)
J-Class Type (1915)
K-Class Type (1916)
L-Class Type (1917)
M-Class Type (1917)
R-Class Type (1918)
WW1 British Monitors
Flower class sloops
British Gunboats of WWI
British P-Boats (1915)
Kil class (1917)
British ww1 Minesweepers
Z-Whaler class patrol crafts
British ww1 CMB
British ww1 Auxiliaries
Marine Nationale
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WW1 French Battlecruisers (Projects)
WW1 French Battleships
Charles Martel class (1891)
Charlemagne class (1899)
Henri IV (1899)
Iéna (1898)
Suffren (1899)
République class (1902)
Liberté class (1904)
Danton class Battleships (1909)
Courbet class (1911)
Bretagne class (1914)
Normandie class battleships (1914)
Lyon class battleships (planned)
WW1 French Cruisers
Dupuy de Lôme (1890)
Admiral Charner class (1892)
Pothuau (1895)
Dunois class (1897)
Jeanne d'Arc arm. cruiser (1899)
Gueydon class arm. cruisers (1901)
Dupleix class arm. cruisers (1901)
Gloire class arm. cruisers (1902)
Gambetta class arm. cruisers (1901)
Jules Michelet arm. cruiser (1905)
Ernest Renan arm. cruiser (1905)
Edgar Quinet class arm. cruisers (1907)
Lamotte Picquet class cruisers (planned)
Cruiser D'Entrecasteaux (1897)
D’Iberville class (1893)
Jurien de la Gravière (1899)
Seaplane Carrier La Foudre (1895)
Kersaint class sloops (1897)
WW1 French Destroyers
WW1 French ASW Escorts
WW1 French Submarines
Plongeur (1863)
Gymnôte (1888)
Gustave Zédé (1893)
Morse (1899)
Narval (1899)
Sirène class (1901)
Farfadet class (1901)
Morse class (1901)
Naiade class (1904)
X (1904)
Z (1904)
Y (1905)
Aigrette class (1904)
Omega (1905)
Emeraude class (1906)
Circe class (1907)
Pluviose class (1909)
Brumaire class (1910)
Archimede (1909)
Mariotte (1911)
Amiral Bourgeois (1912)
Charles Brun (1910)
Clorinde class (1913)
Zédé class (1913)
Amphitrite class (1914)
Bellone class (1914)
Dupuy de Lome class (1915)
Diane class (1915)
Joessel class (1917)
Lagrange class (1917)
Armide class (1915)
O'Byrne class (1919)
Maurice Callot (1921)
Pierre Chailley (1921)
WW1 French Torpedo Boats
WW1 French river gunboats
WW1 French Motor Boats
WW1 French Auxiliary Warships
Nihhon Kaigun
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WW1 Japanese Battleships
Ironclad Chin Yen (1882)
Fuji class (1896)
Shikishima class (1898)
IJN Mikasa (1900)
Katori class (1905)
Satsuma class (1906)
Kawachi class (1910)
Fusō class (1915)
Ise class (1917)
Nagato class (1919)
Kaga class (1921)
Kii class (planned)
Tsukuba class BCs (1905)
Ibuki class (1907)
Kongō class (1912)
Akagi class (planned)
N°13 class (planned)
WW1 Japanese Cruisers
Naniwa class (1885)
IJN Unebi (1886)
Matsushima class (1889)
IJN Akitsushima (1892)
Suma class (1895)
Chitose class (1898)
Asama class (1898)
IJN Yakumo (1899)
IJN Adzuma (1899)
Tsushima class (1902)
IJN Otowa (1903)
Kasuga class (1904)
IJN Tone (1907)
Yodo class (1907)
Chikuma class (1911)
Tenryu class (1918)
WW1 Japanese Destroyers
WW1 Japanese Submersibles
WW1 Japanese Torpedo Boats
WW1 Japanese gunboats
IJN Wakamiya seaplane carrier (1905)
Natsushima class minelayers (1911)
IJN Katsuriki minelayer (1916)
Japanese WW1 auxiliaries
Russkiy Flot
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WW1 Russian Battleships
Tri Sviatitelia (1894)
Poltava (1894)
Rostislav (1896)
Peresviet class (1899)
Pantelimon (1900)
Retvizan (1900)
Tsesarevich (1901)
Borodino class (1901)
Pervoswanny class (1908)
Evstafi class (1910)
Gangut class (1911)
Imperatritsa Mariya class (1913)
Borodino class battlecruisers (1915)
WW1 Russian Cruisers
Rossia class (1896)
Pallada class (1899)
Varyag (1900)
Askold (1900)
Novik (1900)
Bogatyr class (1901)
Boyarin (1901)
Izmurud (1903)
Bayan class (1905)
Rurik (1906)
Svetlana class (1915)
Adm. Nakhimov class (1915)
WW1 Russian Destroyers
Pruitki class (1895)
Bditelni(i) class (1899)
Grozni class (1904)
Ukraina class (1904)
Bukharski class (1905)
Gaidamak class (1905)
Lovki class (1905)
Bditelni class (1905)
Tverdi class (1906)
Storozhevoi class (1906)
Kondratenko class (1906)
Shestakov class (1907)
Novik (1911)
Bespokoiny(Derzki) class (1911)
Orfey class (1911)
Izyaslav class (1911)
Fidonisy(Kerch) class (1911)
WW1 Russian Submarines
WW1 Russian TBs (1877-1918)
WW1 Russian Minelayers
WW1 Russian Minesweepers
Amur class Minelayers (1906)
Regia Marina
WW1 Italian Battleships
Re Umberto class (1883)
Amiraglio Di St Bon class (1897)
Regina Margherita class (1900)
Regina Elena class (1904)
Dante Alighieri (1909)
Cavour class (1915)
Doria class (1916)
Caracciolo class battleships (1917)
WW1 Italian Cruisers
Umbria class (1891)
Calabria (1894)
Vettor Pisani class (1895)
Agordat class (1899)
Garibaldi class (1901)
Marco Polo (1892)
Nino Bixio class ()
Pisa class (1907)
San Giorgio class (1907)
Quarto (1911)
Libia (1912)
Campania class (1914)
WW1 Italian Gunboats
Governolo GB (1897)
Brondolo class (1909)
Sebastiano Caboto (1912)
Ape class (1918)
Erlanno Caboto (1918)
Bafile class (1921)
Esploratori (scouts)
Poerio class scouts
Mirabello class scouts
Aquila class scouts
Leone class scouts
WW1 Italian Destroyers
Soldati class
Indomito class
Pilo class
Sirtori class
La Masa class
Palestro class
"Generali" class
Curtatone class
WW1 Italian Torpedo Boats
WW1 Italian Submarines
WW1 Italian Monitors
WW1 Italian Minesweepers
WW1 Italian MAS
Grillo class tracked torpedo launches
✠ Central Empires
Kaiserliche Marine
WW1 German Battleships
Siegfried class (1889)
Brandenburg class (1892)
Wittelsbach class (1900)
Braunschweig class (1902)
Kaiser Friedrich III class (1904)
Deutschland class (1905)
Nassau class (1906)
Helgoland class (1909)
Kaiser class (1911)
König class (1913)
Bayern class battleships (1916)
Sachsen class (launched)
L20 Alpha (project)
WW1 German Battlecruisers
SMS Blücher (1908)
Von der Tann (1909)
Moltke class (1910)
Seydlitz (1912)
Derrflinger class (1913)
Hindenburg (1915)
Mackensen class (1917)
Ersatz Yorck class (started)
WW1 German Cruisers
Irene class (1887)
Bussard class (1890)
SMS Kaiserin Augusta (1892)
SMS Gefion (1893)
SMS Hela (1895)
Victoria Louise class (1896)
Fürst Bismarck (1897)
Gazelle class (1898)
Prinz Adalbert class (1901)
Prinz heinrich (1900)
Bremen class (1902)
Könisgberg class (1905)
Roon class (1905)
Scharnhorst class (1906)
Dresden class (1907)
Nautilus class (1906)
Kolberg class (1908)
Magdeburg class (1911)
Karlsruhe class (1912)
Graudenz class (1914)
Pillau class (1914)
Brummer class (1915)
Wiesbaden class (1915)
Königsberg(ii) class (1915)
Cöln class (1916)
WW1 German Commerce Raiders
SMS Seeadler (1888)
WW1 German Destroyers
WW1 German Submarines
Brandtaucher
Forelle
U-1
U-2
U-3 class
U-5 class
U-9 class
U-13 class
U-17 class
U-19 class
U-23 class
U-43 class
U-57 class
U-63 class
U-87 class
U-93 class
U-139 class
U-142 class
UA
UB-I class
UB-II class
UB-III class
UC-I class
UC-II class
Deutschland
UE-I class
UE-II class
U-Projects
WW1 German Torpedo Boats
ww1 German gunboats
ww1 German minesweepers
ww1 German MTBs
KuK Kriesgmarine
Monarch class coastal BS (1895)
Habsburg class
Herzherzog Karl class
Radetzky class (1908)
SMS Kaiser Karl IV (1898)
SMS Sankt Georg (1903)
Tegetthoff class (1911)
Zenta class (1897)
Kaiser Franz Joseph I class (1889)
Kaiserin und Königin Maria Theresia
Admiral Spaun/Novara
Panther class (1885)
Zara class (1880)
Austro-Hungarian Destroyers
Tatra class Destroyers
Austro-Hungarian Submarines
Austro-Hungarian Torpedo Boats
Versuchsgleitboot
Osmanli Donmanasi
Barbarossa class battleships (1892)
Yavuz (1914)
Cruiser Mecidieh (1903)
Cruiser Hamidieh (1903)
Cruiser Midilli (1914)
Namet Torpedo cruisers (1890)
Sahahani Deria Torpedo cruisers (1892)
Destroyers class Berk-Efshan (1894)
Destroyers class Yarishar (1907)
Destroyers class Muavenet (1909)
Berk i Savket class Torpedo gunboats (1906)
Marmaris gunboat (1903)
Sedd ul Bahr class gunboats (1907)
Isa Reis class gunboats (1911)
Preveze class gunboats (1912)
Turkish WW1 Torpedo Boats
Turkish Armed Yachts (1861-1903)
Turkish WW1 Minelayers
⚑ Neutral Countries
Americas
Argentina
Alm. Brown Corvette (1880)
Cruiser Patagonia (1885)
Libertad class CBC (1890)
Cruiser 25 de Mayo (1890)
Cruiser Nueve de Julio (1892)
Cruiser Buenos Aires (1895)
Garibaldi class cruisers (1895)
Espora class TGB (1890)
Patria class TGB (1893)
Argentinian TBs (1880-98)
Brazil
Marsh. Deodoro class (1898)
Riachuelo (1883)
Minas Geraes class (1908)
Cruiser Alm. Tamandaré (1890)
Cruiser Republica (1892)
Cruiser Alm. Barrozo (1892)
TT Gunboat Talayo (1892)
Brazilian TBs (1879-1893)
Chile
BS Alm. Latorre (1913)
BS Capitan Prat (1890)
Pdt. Errazuriz class (1890)
Lima class Cruisers (1880)
Blanco Encalada (1893)
Esmeralda (1894)
Ministro Zenteno (1896)
O'Higgins (1897)
Chacabuco (1898)
TGB Almirante Lynch (1890)
TGB Alm. Sampson (1896)
Chilean TBs (1880-1902)
Cuba
Gunboat Baire (1906)
Gunboat Patria (1911)
Diez de octubre class GB (1911)
Sloop Cuba (1911)
Haiti
Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
GB Toussaint Louverture (1886)
GB Capois la Mort (1893)
GB Crete a Pierot (1895)
Mexico
Cruiser Zatagosa (1891)
GB Plan de Guadalupe (1892)
Tampico class GB (1902)
N. Bravo class GB (1903)
Peru
Almirante Grau class (1906)
Ferre class subs. (1912)
Europe
Bulgaria
Cruiser Nadezhda (1898)
Drski class TBs (1906)
Denmark
Skjold class (1896)
Herluf Trolle class (1899)
Herluf Trolle (1908)
Niels Iuel (1918)
Hekla class cruisers (1890)
Valkyrien class cruisers (1888)
Fyen class crusiers (1882)
Danish TBs (1879-1918)
Danish Submarines (1909-1920)
Danish Minelayer/sweepers
Greece
Kilkis class
Giorgios Averof class
Netherlands
Eversten class (1894)
Konigin Regentes class (1900)
De Zeven Provincien (1909)
Dutch dreadnought (project)
Holland class cruisers (1896)
Fret class destroyers
Dutch Torpedo boats
Dutch gunboats
Dutch submarines
Dutch minelayers
Norway
Haarfarge class (1897)
Norge class (1900)
Norwegian Monitors
Cr. Frithjof (1895)
Cr. Viking (1891)
DD Draug (1908)
Norwegian ww1 TBs
Norwegian ww1 Gunboats
Sub. Kobben (1909)
Ml. Fröya (1916)
Ml. Glommen (1917)
Portugal
Coastal Battleship Vasco da Gama (1875)
Cruiser Adamastor (1896)
Sao Gabriel class (1898)
Cruiser Dom Carlos I (1898)
Cruiser Rainha Dona Amelia (1899)
Portuguese ww1 Destroyers
Portuguese ww1 Submersibles
Portuguese ww1 Gunboats
Romania
Elisabeta (1885)
Spain
España class Battleships (1912)
Velasco class (1885)
Ironclad Pelayo (1887)
Alfonso XII class (1887)
Cataluna class (1896)
Plata class (1898)
Estramadura class (1900)
Reina Regentes class (1906)
Spanish Destroyers
Spanish Torpedo Boats
Spanish Sloops/Gunboats
Spanish Submarines
Spanish Armada 1898
Sweden
Svea classs (1886)
Oden class (1896)
Dristigheten (1900)
Äran class (1901)
Oscar II (1905)
Sverige class (1915)
J. Ericsson class (1865)
Gerda class (1871)
Berserk (1873)
HMS Fylgia (1905)
Clas Fleming class (1912)
Swedish Torpedo cruisers
Swedish destroyers
Swedish Torpedo Boats
Swedish gunboats
Swedish submarines
Asia
China
Dingyuan class Ironclads (1881)
Hai Ching class (1874)
Wei Yuan class (1878)
Chao Yung class (1880)
Nan T'an class (1883)
Pao Min (1885)
King Ching class (1885)
Tung Chi class (1895)
Hai Yung class (1897)
Hai Tien class (1898)
Chao Ho class (1911)
Gunboats (1867-1918)
Fu Po class Gunboats (1870)
Torpedo gunboats (1891-1900)
Destroyers (1906-1912)
Torpedo boats (1883-1902)
Thailand
Maha Chakri (1892)
Thoon Kramon (1866)
Makrut Rajakumarn (1883)
⚏ WW1 3rd/4th rank navies
✈ WW1 Naval Aviation
USN
Boeing model 2/3/5 (1916)
Aeromarine 39 (1917)
Curtiss H (1917)
Curtiss F5L (1918)
Curtiss VE-7 (1918)
Curtiss NC (1918)
Curtiss NC4 (1918)
RNAS
Short 184 (1915)
Fairey Campania (1917)
Felixtowe F2 (1916)
Felixtowe F3 (1917)
Felixtowe F5 (1918)
Sopwith Baby (1917)
Fairey Hamble Baby (1917)
Fairey III (1918)
Short S38 (1912)
Short Admiralty Type 166 (1914)
Short Admiralty Type 184 (1915)
Blackburn Kangaroo
Sopwith 1-1/2 Strutter
Sopwith Pup
Sopwith Cuckoo 1918
Royal Aircraft Factory Airships
Marineflieger
Albatros W.4 (1916)
Albatros W.8 (1918)
Friedrichshafen Models
Gotha WD.1-27 (1918)
Hansa-Brandenburg series
L.F.G V.19 Stralsund (1918)
L.F.G W (1916)
L.F.G WD (1917)
Lübeck-Travemünde (1914)
Oertz W series (1914)
Rumpler 4B (1914)
Sablatnig SF (1916)
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs series
Kaiserlichesmarine Zeppelins
French Naval Aviation
Borel Type Bo.11 (1911)
Nieuport VI.H (1912)
Nieuport X.H (1913)
Donnet-Leveque (1913)
FBA-Leveque (1913)
FBA (1913)
Donnet-Denhaut (1915)
Borel-Odier Type Bo-T(1916)
Levy G.L.40 (1917)
Blériot-SPAD S.XIV (1917)
Hanriot HD.2 (1918)
Zodiac Airships
Italian Naval Aviation
Ansaldo SVA Idro (1916)
Ansaldo Baby Idro (1915)
Macchi M3 (1916)
Macchi M5 (1918)
SIAI S.12 (1918)
Russian Naval Aviation
Grigorovich M-5 (1915)
Grigorovich M-9 (1916)
Grigorovich M-11 (1916)
Grigorovich M-15 (1916)
Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
✠ K.u.K. SeeFliegkorps
Lohner E (1914)
Lohner L (1915)
Oeffag G (1916)
IJN Air Service
IJN Farman 1914
Yokosho Rogou Kougata (1917)
Yokosuka Igo-Ko (1920)
WW2
✪ Allied ww2 Fleets
US Navy
WW2 US Battleships
Wyoming class (1911)
New York class (1912)
Nevada class (1914)
Pennsylvania class (1915)
New Mexico class (1917)
Tennessee Class (1919)
Colorado class (1921)
North Carolina class (1940)
South Dakota class (1941)
Iowa class (1942)
Montana class (cancelled)
WW2 American Cruisers
Omaha class cruisers (1920)
Pensacola class heavy Cruisers (1928)
Northampton class heavy cruisers (1929)
Portland class heavy cruisers (1931)
New Orleans class cruisers (1933)
Brooklyn class cruisers (1936)
USS Wichita (1937)
Atlanta class light cruisers (1941)
Cleveland class light Cruisers (1942)
Baltimore class heavy cruisers (1942)
Alaska class heavy cruisers (1944)
WW2 USN Aircraft Carriers
USS Langley (1920)
Lexington class CVs (1927)
USS Ranger (CV-4)
USS Wasp (CV-7)
Yorktown class aircraft carriers (1936)
Long Island class (1940)
Independence class CVs (1942)
Essex class CVs (1942)
Bogue class CVEs (1942)
Sangamon class CVEs (1942)
Casablanca class CVEs (1942)
Commencement Bay class CVEs (1944)
Midway class CVs (1945)
Saipan class CVs (1945)
WW2 USN destroyers
Farragut class (1934)
Porter class (1935)
Mahan class (1935)
Gridley class (1936)
Bagley class (1936)
Somers class (1937)
Benham class (1938)
Sims class (1939)
Benson class (1939)
Gleaves class (1940)
Fletcher class (1942)
Sumner class (1943)
Gearing class (1944)
GMT Evarts class (1942)
TE Buckley class (1943)
TEV/WGT Rudderow class (1943)
DET/FMR Cannon class
Asheville/Tacoma class
WW2 US Submarines
Barracuda class
USS Argonaut
Narwhal class
USS Dolphin
Cachalot class
Porpoise class
Shark class
Perch class
Salmon class
Sargo class
Tambor class
Mackerel class
Gato Class
USS Terror (1941)
Raven class Mnsp (1940)
Admirable class Mnsp (1942)
Eagle class sub chasers (1918)
PC class sub chasers
SC class sub chasers
PCS class sub chasers
YMS class Mot. Mnsp
PT-Boats
ww2 US gunboats
ww2 US seaplane tenders
USS Curtiss ST (1940)
Currituck class ST
Tangier class ST
Barnegat class ST
US Coast Guard
Lake class
Northland class
Treasury class
Owasco class
Wind class
Algonquin class
Thetis class
Active class
US Amphibious ships & crafts
US Amphibious Operations
Doyen class AT
Harris class AT
Dickman class AT
Bayfield class AT
Windsor class AT
Ormsby class AT
Funston class AT
Sumter class AT
Haskell class AT
Andromeda class AT
Gilliam class AT
APD-1 class LT
APD-37 class LT
LSV class LS
LSD class LS
Landing Ship Tank
LSM class LS
LSM(R) class SS
LCI(L) LC
LCT(6) LC
LCV class LC
LCVP class LC
LCM(3) class LC
LCP(L) class LC
LCP(R) class SC
LCL(L)(3) class FSC
LCS(S) class FSC
Royal Navy
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WW2 British Battleships
Queen Elisabeth class (1913)
Revenge class (1915)
Nelson class (1925)
King George V class (1939)
Lion class (Started)
HMS Vanguard (1944)
Renown class (1916)
HMS Hood (1920)
WW2 British Cruisers
British C class cruisers (1914-1922)
Hawkins class cruisers (1917)
British D class cruisers (1918)
Enterprise class cruisers (1919)
HMS Adventure (1924)
County class cruisers (1926)
York class cruisers (1929)
Surrey class cruisers (project)
Leander class cruisers (1931)
Arethusa class cruisers (1934)
Perth class cruisers (1934)
Town class cruisers (1936)
Dido class cruisers (1939)
Abdiel class cruisers (1939)
Fiji class cruisers (1941)
Bellona class cruisers (1942)
Swiftsure class cruisers (1943)
Tiger class cruisers (1944)
WW2 British Aircraft Carriers
HMS Argus (1917)
HMS Furious (1917)
HMS Eagle (1918)
HMS Hermes (1919)
Courageous class aircraft carriers (1928)
HMS Ark Royal (1937)
Illustrious class (1939)
HMS Indomitable (1940)
Implacable class (1942)
Malta class (project)
HMS Unicorn (1941)
Colossus class (1943)
Majestic class (1944)
Centaur class (started 1945)
HMS Archer (1939)
HMS Argus (1917)
HMS Audacity (1941)
HMS Archer (1941)
HMS Activity (1941)
HMS Pretoria Castle (1941)
Avenger class (1941)
Attacker class (1941)
Ameer class (1942)
Merchant Aircraft Carriers (1942)
Nairana class (1943)
WW2 British Destroyers
Shakespeare class (1917)
Scott class (1818)
V class (1917)
S class (1918)
W class (1918)
A/B class (1926)
C/D class (1931)
G/H/I class (1935)
Tribal class (1937)
J/K/N class (1938)
Hunt class DE (1939)
L/M class (1940)
O/P class (1942)
Q/R class (1942)
S/T/U//V/W class (1942)
Z/ca class (1943)
Ch/Co/Cr class (1944)
Battle class (1945)
Weapon class (1945)
WW2 British submarines
L9 class (1918)
HMS X1 (1923)
Odin (O) class (1926)
Parthian (P) class (1929)
Rainbow (R) class (1930)
River (Thames) class (1932)
Swordfish (S) class (1932)
Grampus class (1935)
Shark class (1934)
Triton class (1937)
Undine class (1937)
U class (1940)
S class (1941)
T class (1941)
X-Craft midget (1942)
A class (1944)
WW2 British Amphibious Ships and Landing Crafts
LSI(L) class
LSI(M/S) class
LSI(H) class
LSS class
LSG class
LSC class
Boxer class LST
LST(2) class
LST(3) class
LSH(L) class
LSF classes (all)
LCI(S) class
LCI(L) class
LCS(L2) class
LCT(I) class
LCT(2) class
LCT(R) class
LCT(3) class
LCT(4) class
LCT(8) class
LCT(4) class
LCG(L)(4) class
LCG(M)(1) class
LCA
LCP
LCM
WW2 British MTB/gunboats
WW2 British MTBs
MTB-1 class (1936)
MTB-24 class (1939)
MTB-41 class (1940)
MTB-424 class (1944)
MTB-601 class (1942)
MA/SB class (1938)
MTB-412 class (1942)
MGB 6 class (1939)
MGB-47 class (1940)
MGB 321 (1941)
MGB 501 class (1942)
MGB 511 class (1944)
MGB 601 class (1942)
MGB 2001 class (1943)
WW2 British Gunboats
Denny class (1941)
Fairmile A (1940)
Fairmile B (1940)
HDML class (1940)
WW2 British Sloops
Bridgewater class (2090)
Hastings class (1930)
Shoreham class (1930)
Grimsby class (1934)
Bittern class (1937)
Egret class (1938)
Black Swan class (1939)
River class (1942)
Loch class (1944)
Bay class (1944)
Kingfisher class (1935)
Shearwater class (1939)
Flower class (1940)
Castle class (1943)
WW2 British Misc.
Roberts class monitors (1941)
Halcyon class minesweepers (1933)
Bangor class minesweepers (1940)
Bathurst class minesweepers (1940)
Algerine class minesweepers (1941)
Motor Minesweepers (1937)
ww2 British ASW trawlers
Basset class trawlers (1935)
Tree class trawlers (1939)
HMS Albatross seaplane carrier
WW2 British river gunboats
HMS Guardian netlayer
HMS Protector netlayer
HMS Plover coastal mines.
Medway class sub depot ships
HMS Resource fleet repair
HMS Woolwhich DD depot ship
HMS Tyne DD depot ship
Maidstone class sub depot ships
HmS Adamant sub depot ship
Athene class aircraft transport
British ww2 AMCs
British ww2 OBVs
British ww2 ABVs
British ww2 Convoy Escorts
British ww2 APVs
British ww2 SSVs
British ww2 SGAVs
British ww2 Auxiliary Mines.
British ww2 CAAAVs
British ww2 Paddle Mines.
British ww2 MDVs
British ww2 Auxiliary Minelayers
British ww2 armed yachts
Marine Nationale
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WW2 French Battleships
Courbet class (1911)
Bretagne class (1914)
Dunkerque class (1935)
Richelieu class (1940)
Gascoigne class (Project)
WW2 French cruisers
Duguay Trouin class (1923)
Duquesne class (1925)
Suffren class (1927)
Pluton (1929)
Jeanne d’Arc (1930)
Algérie (1930)
Emile Bertin (1933)
La Galissonnière class (1934)
De Grasse class (started)
St Louis class (started)
WW2 French Destroyers
Chacal class
Guepard class
Aigle class
Vauquelin class
Le Fantasque class
Mogador class
Bourrasque class
L'Adroit class
Le Hardi class
La Melpomene class TBs
Le fier class TBs
WW2 French Submarines
Requin class
600/630 Tonnes class
Redoutable class
Saphir class (1928)
Surcouf (1929)
Aurore class (1939)
Morillot class (1940)
Emeraude class (project)
Phenix class (project)
Aircraft Carrier Béarn (1923)
Ct Teste seaplane carrier (1929)
Joffre class CVs (started)
French ASW sloops
Bougainville class Avisos
Elan class Minesweepers
Chamois class Minesweepers
French ww2 sub-chasers
Sans souci class seaplane tenders
ww2 French river gunboats
ww2 French AMCs
Sovietskiy Flot
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Gangut class (1911)
Sovetsky Soyuz class (started)
Kronstadt class battlecruisers
Krasny Kavkaz (1916)
Svetlana class cruisers (1920)
Kirov class cruisers (1934)
Chapayev class cruisers (1940)
WW2 Soviet Destroyers
Sverdlov (Novik 1911)
Bespokoiny(Derzki) class (1911)
Orfey class (1911)
Izyaslav class (1911)
Fidonisy(Kerch) class (1911)
Leningrad class (1933)
Tashkent (1937)
Kiev class (1940)
Gnevnyi class (1936)
Storozhevoi class (1936)
Opytinyi (1935)
Ognevoi class (1940)
WW2 Soviet submarines
AG class (1920)
Series I (1928)
Series II (1931)
Series III (1930)
Series IV (1934)
Series V/V bis (1933)
Series VI/VI bis (1933)
Series IX/IX bis (1935)
Series X/X bis (1936)
Series XI (1935)
Series XIII/XIII bis (1937)
Series XV (1940)
Series XIV (1938)
Series XVI (1947)
Soviet ww2 Gunboats and Monitors
Soviet ww2 guardships
Soviet ww2 Minesweepers
Soviet ww2 Minelayers
Soviet ww2 MTBs
Soviet ww2 sub-chasers
Yosif Stalin class icebreakers
Royal Canadian Navy
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Royal Canadian Navy
IROQUOIS class destroyers
Canadian RIVER class
Canadian LOCH class
Canadian FLOWER class
Improved Flower class
Canadian armed trawlers
Canadian MACS
Royal Australian Navy
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Perth class cruisers (1934)
Arunta class destroyers (1940)
HMAS Albatros (1928)
Barcoo class frigates (1943)
Yarra class sloops (1935)
RNZN Fleet
RIN Fleet
Dutch Navy
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HNLMS De Ruyter (1935)
Java class cruisers (1921)
Tromp Class Cruisers (1937)
Holland class battecruisers (project)
Eendracht class cruisers (project)
Dutch Submarines
Admiralen class destroyers
Tjerk Hiddes class destroyers
Dutch gunboats
Dutch minelayers/minesweepers
Chinese Navy 1937
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Hai Yung class (1897)
Hai Tien class (1898)
Chao Ho class (1911)
Ning Hai class (1931)
WW2 Chinese Gunboats
✙ Axis ww2 Fleets
Imperial Japanese Navy
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WW2 Japanese Battleships
Kongō class Fast Battleships (1912)
Fuso class battleships (1915)
Ise class battleships (1917)
Nagato class Battleships (1919)
Yamato class Battleships (1941)
B41 class Battleships (project)
B64/65 Battlecruiser (1939-41)
WW2 Japanese cruisers
Tenryū class cruisers (1918)
Kuma class cruisers (1919)
Nagara class (1921)
Sendai class Cruisers (1923)
IJN Yūbari (1923)
Furutaka class Cruisers (1925)
Aoba class heavy cruisers (1926)
Nachi class Cruisers (1927)
Takao class cruisers (1930)
Mogami class cruisers (1934)
Tone class cruisers (1937)
Katori class cruisers (1939)
Agano class cruisers (1941)
Oyodo (1943)
Seaplane & Aircraft Carriers
IJN Hōshō (1921)
IJN Akagi (1925)
IJN Kaga (1927)
IJN Ryujo (1931)
IJN Soryu (1935)
IJN Hiryu (1937)
Shokaku class (1940)
Zuiho class (1937)
Ruyho (1933)
Hiyo class (1941)
Chitose class (1943)
IJN Taiho (1944)
IJN Shinano (1944)
Unryu class (1944)
IJN Ibuki (1942)
Taiyo class (1940)
IJN Kaiyo (1938)
IJN Shinyo (1934)
Notoro (1920)
Kamoi (1922)
Chitose class (1936)
Mizuho (1938)
Nisshin (1939)
IJN AMCs
IJN Aux. Seaplane tenders
Akistushima (1941)
Shimane Maru class (1944)
Yamashiro Maru class (1944)
Imperial Japanese Navy Aviation
WW2 Japanese Destroyers
Mutsuki class (1925)
Fubuki class (1927)
Akatsuki class (1932)
Hatsuharu class (1932)
Shiratsuyu class (1935)
Asashio class (1936)
Kagero class (1938)
Yugumo class (1941)
Akitsuki class (1941)
IJN Shimakaze (1942)
WW2 Japanese Submarines
KD1 class (1921)
Koryu class
Kaiten class
Kairyu class
IJN Midget subs
WW2 Japanese Amphibious ships/Crafts
Shinshu Maru class (1935)
Akistu Maru class (1941)
Kumano Maru class (1944)
SS class LS (1942)
T1 class LS (1944)
T101 class LS (1944)
T103 class LS (1944)
Shohatsu class LC (1941)
Chuhatsu class LC (1942)
Moku Daihatsu class (1942)
Toku Daihatsu class (1944)
WW2 Japanese minelayers
IJN Armed Merchant Cruisers
WW2 Japanese Escorts
Tomozuru class (1933)
Otori class (1935)
Matsu class (1944)
Tachibana class (1944)
Ioshima class (1944)
WW2 Japanese Sub-chasers
WW2 Japanese MLs
Shinyo class SB
Regia Marina
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WW2 Italian battleships
Littorio class battleships
Cavour class battleships
Doria class battleships (1916)
WW2 Italian Cruisers
Alberto di Giussano class
Trento class (1927)
Cadorna class (1931)
Zara class Cruisers (1931)
R. Montecuccoli class (1934)
Duca d'Aosta class (1935)
Duca degli Abruzzi class (1937)
Costanzo Ciano class (1939)
Etna class
Capitani Romani class (1941)
Giuseppe Miraglia
Aircraft carrier Aquila
WW2 Italian Destroyers
Leone class destroyers
Sella class
Sauro class
Turbine class
Navigatori class
Freccia class
Folgore class
Maestrale class
Oriani class
Soldati class
Cdt Medaglie d'Oro class
WW2 Italian TBs
Albatros
Spica class
Pegaso class
Ciclone class
Ariete class
WW2 Italian Submarines
Balilla class
Archimede class
Glauco class
Foca class
Marcello class
Brin class
Liuzzi class
Marconi class
Cagni class
Romolo class
Mameli class
Pisani class
Bandiera class
Squalo class
Bragadin class
Settembrini class
Argo class
Argonauta class
Sirena class
Perla class
Adua class
Acciaio class
Flutto class
CM class
CC class
CA class
CB class
ww2 Italian light MBs
MAS MBTs
MS class boats
VAS class ASW boats
MAT class
MTM class
MTS class (1940)
MTL class
SLC/SSB class
R Boats
Eritrea sloop (1936)
Diana sloop (1942)
Gabbaiano class Corvettes (1942)
Italian minelayers
Italian gunboats
Kriegsmarine
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ww2 german battleships
Bismarck class Battleships (1940)
Scharnhorst class battleships (1936)
Deutschland class Cruisers (1931)
K class Battleships
ww2 german cruisers
KMS Emden (1925)
Königsberg class cruisers (1927)
Leipzig class cruisers (1929)
Hipper class cruisers (1937)
M class
P class
KMS Graf Zeppelin (1939)
WW2 German submarines: U-Boats
Seeteufel (1944)
Type Ia U-Boats (1936)
Type II U-Boats (1935)
Type IX U-Boats (1936)
Type VII U-Boats (1933)
Type XB U-Boats (1941)
Type XIV U-Boats (1941)
Type XVII U-Boats (1945)
Type XXI U-Boats (1944)
Type XXIII U-Boats (1944)
Prototype U-Boats (1942-45)
German mini-subs and human torpedoes
WW2 German Destroyers
1934/34A Type
1936 Type
1936A Type
1936B Type
1936C Type
1942 Type
Beute Zerstörer
Spähkreuzer (1940)
WW2 German Torpedo Boats
1923 Type
1924 Type
1935 Type
1937 Type
1939 Type
1940 Type
1941 Type
F class escorts
ww2 German minesweepers
S-Bootes (E-Boats)
LS-Bootes
R-Boote
KS-Boote
Other Light Boats
Manta (paper project, 1944)
WW2 German Amphibious Ships
German Commerce Raiders
Bremse minelayer
Brummer minelayer
Brummer(II) minelayer
Saar tender
Bauer class tenders
Tsingtau tender
Tanga tender
Lüderitz class tenders
Nachtigal class tenders
Grille minelayer
Hela tender
Hela tender
Castor minelayer
Togo AA Cd ship
⚑ Neutral Navies
Argentinian Navy
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Rivadavia class Battleships
Cruiser La Argentina
Veinticinco de Mayo class cruisers
Argentinian Destroyers
Santa Fe class sub.
Bouchard class minesweepers
King class patrol vessels
Brazilian Navy
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Minas Gerais class Battleships (1912)
Cruiser Bahia
Brazilian Destroyers
Humaita class sub.
Tupi class sub.
Chilean Navy
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Almirante Latorre class battleships
Cruiser Esmeralda (1896)
Cruiser Chacabuco (1911)
Chilean DDs
Fresia class subs
Capitan O’Brien class subs
Danish Navy
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Niels Iuel (1918)
Danish ww2 Torpedo-Boats
Danish ww2 submarines
Danish ww2 minelayer/sweepers
Finnish Navy
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Coastal BB Vainamoinen
Finnish ww2 submarines
Finnish ww2 minelayers
Hellenic Navy
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Greek ww2 Destroyers
Greek ww2 submarines
Greek ww2 minelayers
Polish Navy
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Cruiser ORP Dragon
Cruiser ORP Conrad
Brislawicka class Destroyers
Witcher ww2 Destroyers
Minelayer Gryf
Wilk class sub.
Orzel class sub.
Jakolska class minesweepers
Polish Monitors
Portuguese Navy
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Douro class DDs
Delfim class sub
Velho class gb
Albuquerque class gb
Nunes class sloops
Romanian Navy
☍ See the Page
Romanian ww2 Destroyers
Romanian ww2 Submarines
Sjøforsvaret
☍ See the Page
Norwegian ww2 Torpedo-Boats
Spanish Armada
☍ See the Page
España class Battleships
Blas de Lezo class cruisers
Canarias class cruisers
Cervera class cruisers
Cruiser Navarra
Spanish Destroyers
Spanish Submarines
Dédalo Seaplane Carrier
Spanish Gunboats
Spanish Minelayers
Svenska Marinen
☍ See the Page
Sverige class CBBs (1915)
Gustav V class CBBs (1918)
Interwar Swedish CBB projects
Tre Kronor class (1943)
Gotland (1933)
Fylgia (1905)
Ehrernskjold class DDs (1926)
Psilander class DDs (1926)
Klas Horn class DDs (1931)
Romulus class DDs (1934)
Göteborg class DDs (1935)
Mode class DDs (1942)
Visby class DDs (1942)
Öland class DDs (1945)
Swedish ww2 TBs
Swedish ww2 Submarines
Swedish ww2 Minelayers
Swedish ww2 MTBs
Swedish ww2 Patrol Vessels
Swedish ww2 Minesweepers
Turkish Navy
☍ See the Page
Kocatepe class Destroyers
Tinaztepe class Destroyers
İnönü class submarines
Submarine Dumplumpynar
Submarine Sakarya
Submarine Gur
Submarine Batiray
Atilay class submarines
Royal Yugoslav Navy
☍ See the Page
Cruiser Dalmacija
Dubrovnik class DDs
Beograd class DDs
Osvetnik class subs
Hrabi class subs
Gunboat Beli Orao
Royal Thai Navy
☍ See the Page
Taksin class
Ratanakosindra class
Sri Ayuthia class
Puket class
Tachin class
Sinsamudar class sub
Minor Navies
☍ See the Page
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Columbia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Czechoslovakia
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Hungary
Honduras
Estonia
Iceland
Eire
Equador
Iran
Iraq
Latvia
Liberia
Lithuania
Mandchukuo
Mexico
Morocco
Nicaragua
Persia
San Salvador
Sarawak
Uruguay
Venezuela
Zanzibar
✈ Naval Aviation
Latest entries
|
WW1
|
Cold War
USN aviation
☍ See the Page
Douglas DT (1921)
Naval Aircraft Factory PT (1922)
Loening OL (1923)
Huff-Daland TW-5 (1923)
Martin MO (1924)
Consolidated NY (1926)
Vought FU (1927)
Vought O2U/O3U Corsair (1928)
Berliner-Joyce OJ (1931)
Curtiss SOC seagull (1934)
Grumman FF (1931)
Grumman F2F (1933)
Grumman F3F (1935)
Northrop BT-1 (1935)
Grumman J2F Duck (1936)
Curtiss SBC Helldiver (1936)
Vought SB2U Vindicator (1936)
Brewster F2A Buffalo (1937)
Douglas TBD Devastator (1937)
Vought Kingfisher (1938)
Curtiss SO3C Seamew (1939)
Douglas SBD Dauntless (1939)
Grumman F4F Wildcat (1940)
Northrop N-3PB Nomad (1941)
Brewster SB2A Buccaneer (1941)
Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger (1941)
Consolidated TBY Sea Wolf (1941)
Grumman F6F Hellcat (1942)
Vought F4U Corsair (1942) ➚
F4U Corsair (NE)
Curtiss SB2C Helldiver (1942)
Curtiss SC Seahawk (1944)
Douglas BTD Destroyer (1944)
Grumman F7F Tigercat (1943)
Grumman F8F Bearcat (1944)
Ryan FR-1 Fireball (1944)
Douglas XTB2D-1 Skypirate (1945) ➚
Douglas AD-1 Skyraider (1945)
Aeromarine 40 (1919)
Naval Aircraft Factory PN (1925)
Douglas T2D (1927)
Consolidated P2Y (1929)
Hall PH (1929)
Douglas PD (1929)
Douglas Dolphin (1931)
General Aviation PJ (1933)
Consolidated PBY Catalina (1935)
Fleetwings Sea Bird (1936)
Sikorsky VS-44 (1937)
Grumman G-21 Goose (1937)
Consolidated PB2Y Coronado (1937)
Beechcraft M18 (1937)
Sikorsky JRS (1938)
Boeing 314 Clipper (1938)
Martin PBM Mariner (1939)
Grumman G-44 Wigeon (1940)
Martin Mars (1943)
Goodyear GA-2 Duck (1944)
Edo Ose (1945) ➚
Hugues Hercules (1947)
Fleet Air Arm
☍ See the Page
Carrier planes
Fairey Flycatcher (1922)
Blackburn Backburn (1923)
Blackburn Dart (1924)
Blackburn Ripon (1926)
Fairey IIIF (1927)
Fairey Seal (1930)
Vickers Vildebeest (1933)
Blackburn Shark (1934)
Blackburn Baffin (1934)
Fairey Swordfish (1934)
Blackburn Skua (1937)
Gloster Sea Gladiator (1937)
Blackburn Roc (1938)
Fairey Albacore (1940)
Fairey Fulmar (1940)
Grumman Martlet (1941)
Hawker sea Hurricane (1941)
Brewster Bermuda (1942)
Fairey Barracuda (1943)
De Havilland Mosquito FB Mk.XVIII (1942)
Grumman Gannet (1942)
Supermarine seafire (1942)
Grumman Tarpon (1943)
Fairey Firefly (1943)
Blackburn Firebrand (1944)
Hawker Sea Fury (1944)
Supermarine Seafang (1945)
De Havilland Sea Mosquito (1945)
De Havilland Sea Hornet (1946)
Floatplanes/seaplanes
Supermarine Channel (1919)
Supermarine Sea King (1920)
Fairey Pintail (1920)
Supermarine Seagull (1922)
Fairey N.4 (1923)
Vickers Viking (1924)
Supermarine Scarab (1924)
English Electric Kingston (1924)
Blackburn Velos (1925)
Supermarine Southampton (1925)
Blackburn Iris (1926)
Saro A.17 Cutty Sark (1929)
Saro A.19 Cloud (1930)
Short Rangoon (1930)
Short Kent (1931)
Hawker Osprey (1932)
Saro London (1934)
Short S.19 Singapore (1934)
Supermarine Scapa (1935)
Supermarine Stranraer (1936)
Supermarine Walrus (1936)
Fairey Seafox (1936)
Airspeed AS.30 Queen Wasp (1937)
Short Sunderland (1937)
Supermarine Sea Otter (1938)
Short S.30/33 Empire (1938)
Saro A36 Lerwick (1940)
Short S35 Shetland (1944)
Short Seaford (1944)
IJN aviation
☍ See the Page
Mitsubishi 1MF (1923)
Nakajima A1N (1930)
Nakajima A2N (1932)
Mitsubishi A5M "Claude" (1935)
Nakajima A4N (1935)
Mitsubishi A6M "zeke" (1940)
Nakajima J1N Gekko "Irving" (1941)
Mitsubishi J2M Raiden "Jack" (1942)
Kawanishi N1K-J Shiden "George" (1942)
Nakajima J5N Tenrai (1944)
Aichi S1A Denko* (1944)
Mitsubishi A7M reppu* (1944)
Mitsubishi J8M1 Shusui* (1945)
Mitsubishi J8M2 Shusui-kai* (1945)
Kyushu J7W Shinden* (1945)
Nakajima J9Y Kikka* (1945)
Mitsubishi 1MT (1922)
Mitsubishi B1M (1923)
Mitsubishi B2M (1932)
Kugisho B3Y (1932)
Aichi D1A "Susie" (1934)
Yokosuka B4Y "Jean" (1935)
Mitsubishi B5M "Mabel" (1937)
Nakajima B5N "Kate" (1937)
Aichi D3A "Val" (1940)
Nakajima B6N "Jill" (1941)
Aichi B7A "Grace" (1942)
Nakajima C6N Saiun "Myrt" (1942)
Yokosuka D4Y "Judy" (1942)
Yokosuka MXY-7 "Baka" (1944)
Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" (1935)
Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" (1941)
Kawanishi P1Y Ginga "Frances" (1943)
Kyushu Q1W Tokai "Lorna" (1943)
Tachikawa Ki-74 "Patsy" (1944)
Nakajima G8N Renzan "Rita" (1944)
Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
Nakajima C2N1 (1931)
Yokosuka K5Y1 "Willow" (1933)
Nakajima L1N1 (1937)
Kawanishi H6K2/4-L (1938)
Kyushu K10W1 "Oak" (1941)
Kyushu K11W1 Shiragiku (1942)
Mitsubishi L4M1 (1942)
Nakajima G5N Shinzan "Liz" (1942)
Yokosuka L3Y "Tina" (1942)
Kyushu Q1W1-K "Lorna"(1943)
Aichi M6A1-K Nanzan (1943)
Yokosuka MXY-7K-1 "Kai" (1944)
Yokosuka MXY-8 Akigusa (1945)
Hiro H1H (1926)
Yokosuka E1Y (1926)
Nakajima E2N (1927)
Aichi E3A (1929)
Yokosuka K4Y (1930)
Nakajima E4N (1931)
Nakajima E8N "Dave" (1935)
Kawanishi E7K "Alf" (1935)
Kawanishi E11K1 (1937)
Aichi E11A "Laura" (1938)
Watanabe E9W (1938)
Watanabe K8W* (1938)
Mitsubishi F1M "pete" (1941)
Nakajima E14Y "Glen" (1941)
Aichi E13A "Jake" (1941)
Aichi H9A (1942)
Nakajima A6M2-N (1942)
Kawanishi E15K Shiun (1942)
Kawanishi N1K1 "Rex" (1943)
Aichi E16A "Zuiun" (1944)
Aichi M6A1 Seiran (1945)
Kawanishi E11K* (1937)
Kawanishi H6K "Mavis" (1938)
Kawanishi K6K* (1938)
Kawanishi H6K3 (1939)
Kawanishi K8K (1940)
Kawanishi H8K "Emily" (1942)
Yokosuka H5Y "Cherry" (1936)
Mitsubishi 2MR (1923)
Yokosho K1Y (1924)
Yokosuka K2Y (1928)
Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
Hitachi LXG1 (1934)
Kyushu K10W "Oak" (1943)
Italian Aviation
☍ See the Page
CANT 6
CANT 18
CANT 25
CANT 25
CANT Z.501 Gabbiano
CANT Z.506 Airone
CANT Z.515
CANT Z.511
CANT Z.515
Caproni Ca.316
Fiat CR.20 Idro
Fiat RS.14
IMAM Ro.43
IMAM Ro.44
Macchi M18
Macchi M24
Macchi M41
Macchi M53
Macchi M71
Piaggio P6
Piaggio P8
Savoia-Marchetti S.55
Savoia-Marchetti S.57
Savoia-Marchetti S.59
Savoia-Marchetti SM.62
SIAI S.16
SIAI S.67
French Aeronavale
☍ See the Page
Levasseur PL5/9 (1924)
Wibault 74 (1926)
CAMS 37 (1926)
Gourdou-Leseurre GL.300 series (1926-39)
Levasseur PL7 (1928)
Levasseur PL10 (1929)
Latécoere 290 (1931)
Breguet 521/22/23 (1931)
Leo H257 bis (1932)
Latécoere 300 series (1932)
Morane 226 (1934)
Dewoitine 376 (1934)
Latécoere 321 (1935)
Potez 452 (1935)
Latécoere 38.1 (1936)
Loire 210 (1936)
Leo H43 (1936)
Levasseur PL107 (1937)
Loire 130 (1937)
Dewoitine HD.730 (1938)
Latecoere 298 (1938)
LN 401 (1938)
Soviet Naval Aviation
Shavrov SH-2 (1928)
Tupolev TB-1P (1931)
Tupolev MR-6 (1933)
Beriev MBR-2 (1930)
Beriev Be-2 (1936)
Beriev BE-4 (1940)
Tupolev MTB-1 (1941)
Tupolev MTB-2 (1942)
Luftwaffe (Naval)
☍ See the Page
Arado 197 (1937)
Fieseler Fi-167 (1938)
Junkers Ju-87C (1938)
Messerschmitt Me 109T (1941)
Messerschmitt 155 (1944)
Heinkel HE 1 (1921)
Caspar U1 (1922)
Dornier Do J Wal (1922)
Dornier Do 16 ‘Wal’ (1923)
Heinkel HE 2 (1923)
Junkers A 20/Ju 20 (1923)
Rohrbach Ro II (1923)
Rohrbach Ro III (1924)
Dornier Do D (1924)
Dornier Do E (1924)
Junkers G 24 (1924)
Rohrbach Ro IV (1925)
Heinkel HD 14 (1925)
Heinkel HE 25 (1925)
Heinkel HE 26 (1925)
Heinkel HE 24 (1926)
Heinkel HE 4 (1926)
Junkers W 33/34 (1926)
Heinkel HE 5 (1926)
Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe (1926)
Rohrbach Ro V Rocco (1927)
Heinkel HE 31 (1927)
Heinkel HE 8 (1927)
Arado W II (1928)
Heinkel HD 9 (1928)
Heinkel HD 16 (1928)
Heinkel He 55 (1929)
Heinkel He 56 (1929)
Arado SSD I (1930)
Junkers Ju 52w (1930)
Heinkel HE 42 (1931)
Heinkel He 50 (1931)
Heinkel He 59 (1931)
Arado Ar 66 (1932)
Heinkel He 58 (1932)
Junkers Ju 46 (1932)
Klemm Kl 35bW (1932)
Heinkel He 62 (1932)
Heinkel He 60 (1933)
Heinkel He 51w (1933)
Arado Ar 95 (1937)
Arado Ar 196 (1937)
Arado Ar 199 (1939)
Blohm & Voss Ha 139 (1936)
Blohm & Voss BV 138 (1937)
Blohm & Voss Ha 140 (1937)
Blohm & Voss BV 222 (1938)
Blohm & Voss BV 238 (1942)
Dornier Do 24/318 (1937)
Dornier Do 18 (1935)
Dornier Do 26 (1938)
Dornier Do 22 (1938)
DFS Seeadler (1936)
Focke-Wulf Fw 58W (1935)
Focke-Wulf Fw 62 (1937)
Heinkel He 114 (1936)
Heinkel He 115 (1936)
Heinkel He 119 (1936)
Dutch Naval Aviation
Fokker W.3 (1915)
Fokker T.II (1921)
Fokker B.I/III (1922)
Fokker B.II (1923)
Fokker T.III (1924)
Fokker T.IV (1927)
Fokker B.IV (1928)
Fokker C.VII W (1928)
Fokker C.VIII W (1929)
Fokker C.XI W (1934)
Fokker C.XIV-W (1937)
Fokker T.VIII-W (1939)
☢ The Cold War
☭ WARSAW PACT
Sovietskiy flot
☍ See the Page
Cold War Soviet Cruisers (1947-90)
Chapayev class (1945)
Kynda class (1961)
Kresta I class (1964)
Kresta II class (1968)
Kara class (1969)
Kirov class (1977)
Slava class (1979)
Moksva class (1965)
Kiev class (1975)
Kusnetsov class aircraft carriers (1988)
Cold War Soviet Destroyers
Skoryi class destroyers (1948)
Neustrashimyy (1951)
Kotlin class (1953)
Kildin class (1959)
Krupny class (1959)
Kashin class (1963)
Kanin class (1967)
Sovremenny class (1978)
Udaloy class (1980)
Project Anchar DDN (1988)
Soviet Frigates
Kola class (1951)
Riga class (1954)
Petya class (1960)
Mirka class (1964)
Grisha class (1968)
Krivak class (1970)
Koni class (1976)
Neustrashimyy class (1988)
Soviet Missile Corvettes
Poti class (1962)
Nanuchka class (1968)
Pauk class (1978)
Tarantul class (1981)
Dergach class (1987)
Svetlyak class (1989)
Cold War Soviet Submarines
Whiskey SSK (1948)
Zulu SSK (1952)
Quebec SSK (1950)
Romeo SSK (1957)
November SSN (1957)
Golf SSB (1957)
Hotel SSBN (1959)
Echo I SSGN (1959)
Echo II SSGN (1961)
Juliett SSG (1962)
Foxtrot SSK (1963)
Victor SSN I (1965)
Yankee SSBN (1966)
Alfa SSN (1967)
Charlie SSGN (1968)
Papa SSGN (1968)
Victor II SSN (1971)
Tango SSK (1972)
Delta I SSBN (1972)
Delta II SSBN (1975)
Victor III SSN (1977)
Delta III SSBN (1976)
Delta IV SSBN (1980)
Typhoon SSBN (1980)
Oscar SSGN (1980)
Sierra SSN (1982)
Mike SSN (1983)
Akula SSN (1984)
Kilo SSK (1986)
Soviet Naval Air Force
Kamov Ka-10 Hat
Kamov Ka-15 Hen
Kamov Ka-18 Hog
Kamov Ka-25 Hormone
Kamov Ka-27 Helix
Mil Mi-14 Haze
Mil Mi-4 Hound
Yakovlev Yak-38
Sukhoi Su-17
Sukhoi Su-24
Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle
Myasishchev M-4 Bison
Tupolev Tu-14 Bosun
Tupolev Tu-142
Ilyushin Il-38
Tupolev Tu-16
Antonov An-12
Tupolev Tu-22
Tupolev Tu-95
Tupolev Tu-22M
Tupolev Tu-16
Tupolev Tu-22
Beriev Be-6 Madge
Beriev Be-10 Mallow
Beriev Be-12
Lun class Ekranoplanes
A90 Orlan Ekranoplanes
Soviet MTBs/PBs/FACs
P2 class FACs
P4 class FACs
P6 class FACs
P8 class FACs
P10 class FACs
Komar class FACs (1960)
Project 184 FACs
OSA class FACs
Shershen class FACs
Mol class FACs
Turya class HFL
Matka class HFL
Pchela class FACs
Sarancha class HFL
Babochka class HFL
Mukha class HFL
Muravey class HFL
MO-V sub-chasers
MO-VI sub-chasers
Stenka class sub-chasers
kronstadt class PBs
SO-I class PBs
Poluchat class PBs
Zhuk clas PBs
MO-105 sub-chasers
Project 191 River Gunboats
Shmel class river GB
Yaz class river GB
Piyavka class river GB
Vosh class river GB
Saygak class river GB
Soviet Minesweepers
T43 class
T58 class
Yurka class
Gorya class
T301 class
Project 255 class
Sasha class
Vanya class
Zhenya class
Almaz class
Sonya class
TR40 class
K8 class
Yevgenya class
Olya class
Lida class
Andryusha class
Ilyusha class
Alesha class
Rybak class
Baltika class
SChS-150 class
Project 696 class
Soviet Amphibious ships
MP 2 class
MP 4 class
MP 6 class
MP 8 class
MP 10 class
Polocny class
Ropucha class
Alligator class
Ivan Rogov class
Aist class HVC
Pomornik class HVC
Gus class HVC
T-4 class LC
Ondatra class LC
Lebed class HVC
Tsaplya class HVC
Utenov class
Warsaw Pact Navies
☍ See the Detail
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
East Germany
Parchim class corvettes (1985)
Hai class sub-chasers (1958)
Volksmarine's minesweepers
Volksmarine's FAC
Volksmarine's Landing ships
ORP Warzsawa (1970)
ORP Kaszub (1986)
Polish Landing ships
Polish FACs
Polish Patrol ships
Polish Minesweepers
Missile Destroyer Muntenia (1982)
Tetal class Frigates (1981)
Romanian river patrol crafts
✦ NATO
Bundesmarine
☍ See the Page
Destroyers
Zerstorer class DDs (1958)
Hamburg class DDs (1960)
Lütjens class missile DDs (1965)
Frigates
Gneisenau class FFs (1958)
Scharnhorst class FFs (1959)
Köln class FFs (1958)
Deutschland FFG (1960)
Bremen class FFs (1979)
Brandenbug class FFs (1992)
German cold-war subs (generic)
Hai class SSK (1957)
Type 201 class SSK (1961)
Type 202 class SSK (1965)
Type 205 class SSK (1962)
Type 206 class SSK (1971)
Type 209 class SSK (1972)
Misc.
Bundesmarine amphibious ships
Thetis class corvettes
Corvette Hans Burkner
Rhein class suppert ships
Mosel class support ships
Lahn class support ships
Fast Attack Crafts
Silbermöwe class FACs
Jaguar class FACs
Hugin/Pfeil FACs
Zobel class FACs
S41 class FACs
S61 class FACs
S71 class FACs
KW class PBs
Kw 15 class PBs
Neustadt class PBs
Mine warfare vessels
Bamberg class minelayers
Sachsenwald class mine transports
Type 319 minesweepers
Lindau class minesweepers
Vegesack class minesweepers
Schutze class minesweepers
Bundesmarine R Boote
Hansa inshore Ms.
Ariadne class inshore Ms.
Frauenlob class inshore Ms.
Holnis class indhore Ms.
Hameln class indhore Ms.
Frankentahl class indhore Ms.
Danish Navy
☍ See the Page
Hvidbjornen class Frigates (1962)
Frigate Beskytteren (1976)
Peder Skram class Frigates (1965)
Thetis class frigates (1989)
Bellona class corvettes (1955)
Niels Juel class corvettes (1979)
Delfinen class submarines (1958)
Narhvalen class submarines (1970)
Bille class Torpedo Boats (1946)
Flyvefisken class Torpedo Boats (1954)
Falken class Torpedo Boats (1960)
Soloven class Torpedo Boats (1962)
Willemoes class FAC (1976)
Flyvefisken class FAC (1989)
Daphne class Patrol Boats (1960)
Danish Minelayers
Danish Minesweepers
Dutch Navy
☍ See the Page
CV Karel Doorman (1948)
De Zeven Provinciën class cruisers (1945)
Holland class DDs (1953)
Friesland class DDs (1953)
Roodfier class Frigates (1953)
Frigate Lynx (1954)
Van Speijk class Frigates (1965)
Tromp class Frigates (1973)
Kortenaer class frigates (1976)
Van H. class Frigates (1983)
K. Doorman class Frigates (1988)
Dolfijn clas sub. (1959)
Zwaardvis class subs. (1970)
Walrus class subs. (1985)
ATD Rotterdam (1990s)
Dokkum class minesweepers (1954)
Alkmaar class minesweepers (1982)
Hellenic Navy
☍ See the Page
Hydra class FFs (1990)
Greek cold war Subs
Greek Amphibious ships
Greek MTBs/FACs
Greek Patrol Vessels
Irish Navy
☍ See the Page
Eithne class PBs (1983)
Cliona class PBs
Deidre/Emer class PBs
Orla class fast PBs
Marina Militare
☍ See the Page
Aircraft Carriers
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1983)
Conte di Cavour (2004)*
Trieste (2022)*
Cruisers
Missile cruiser Garibaldi (1960)
Doria class H. cruisers (1962)
Vittorio Veneto (1969)
Destroyers
Impetuoso class (1956)
Impavido class (1957)
Audace class (1971)
De La Penne class (1989)
Orizzonte class (2007)*
Frigates
Grecale class (1949)
Canopo class (1955)
Bergamini class (1960)
Alpino class (1967)
Lupo class (1976)
Maestrale class (1981)
Bergamini class (2013)*
Thaon di Revel class (2020)*
Corvettes (OPV)
Albatros class (1954)
De Cristofaro class (1965)
Minerva class (1987)
Cassiopeia class (1989)
Esploratore class (1997)*
Sirio class (2003)*
Commandanti class (2004)*
Submarines
Toti class (1967)
Sauro class (1976)
Pelosi class (1986)
Sauro class (1992)*
Todaro class (2006)*
Attack/Amphibious ships
San Giorgio LSD (1987)
Gorgona class CTS (1987)
Italian Landing Crafts (1947-2020)
Misc. ships
Folgore PB (1952)
Lampo class PBs (1960)
Freccia class PBs (1965)
Sparviero class GMHF (1973)
Stromboli class AOR (1975)
Anteo SRS (1980)
Etna class LSS (1988)
Vulcano AOR (1998)*
Elettra EWSS (2003)*
Etna AOR (2021)*
Mine warfare ships
Lerici class (1982)
Gaeta class (1992)*
Marine Nationale
☍ See the Page
Battleships
Jean Bart (1949)
Aircraft/Helicopter carriers
Dixmude (1946)
Arromanches (1946)
Lafayette class light carriers (1954)
PA 28 class project (1947)
Clemenceau class (1957)
Jeanne d'Arc (1961)
PA 58 (1958)
PH 75/79 (1975)
Charles de Gaulle (1994)
Cruisers
De Grasse (1946)
Chateaurenault class (1950)
Colbert (1956)
Destroyers
Surcouf class (1953)
Duperre class (1956)
La Galissonniere class (1960)
Suffren class (1965)
Aconit (1970)
Tourville class (1972)
G. Leygues class (1976)
Cassard class (1985)
Frigates
Le Corse class (1952)
Le Normand class (1954)
Cdt Riviere class (1958)
Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
Lafayette class (1990)
Corvettes
Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
Floreal class (1990)
Submarines
La Creole class (1940)
Narval class (1954)
Arethuse class (1957)
Daphne class (1959)
Gymnote test SSBN (1964)
Le Redoutable SSBN (1967)
Agosta SSN (1974)
Rubis SSN (1979)
Amethyste SSN (1988)
Le Triomphant SSBN (started 1989)
Amphibian Ships
Issole (1958)
EDIC class (1958)
Trieux class (1958)
Ouragan lass (1963)
Champlain lass (1973)
Bougainville (1986)
Foudre class (1988)
CDIC lass (1989)
Misc. ships
Le Fougueux class (1958)
La Combattante class (1964)
Trident class (1976)
L'Audacieuse class (1984)
Grebe class (1989)
Sirius class (1952)
Circe class (1972)
Eridan class (1979)
Vulcain class (1986)
RCAN
☍ See the Page
HCMS Bonaventure (1957)
St Laurent class DDE (1951)
Algonquin class DDE (1952)
Restigouche class DDs (1954)
Mackenzie class DDs (1961)
Annapolis class DDH (1963)
Iroquois class DDH (1970)
River (mod) 1955
Tribal class FFs (Pjct)
City class DDH (1988)
Ojibwa class sub. (1964)
Kingston class MCFV (1995)
Royal Navy
☍ See the Page
Cold War Aircraft Carriers
Centaur class (1947)
HMS Victorious (1957)
HMS Eagle (1946)
HMS Ark Royal (1950)
HMS Hermes (1953)
CVA-01 class (1966 project)
Invincible class (1977)
Cold War Cruisers
Tiger class (1945)
Destroyers
Daring class (1949)
1953 design (project)
Cavendish class (1944)
Weapon class (1945)
Battle class (1945)
FADEP program (1946)
County class GMD (1959)
Bristol class GMD (1969)
Sheffield class GMD (1971)
Manchester class GMD (1980)
Type 43 GMD (1974)
British cold-war Frigates
Rapid class (1942)
Tenacious class (1941)
Whitby class (1954)
Blackwood class (1953)
Leopard class (1954)
Salisbury class (1953)
Tribal class (1959)
Rothesay class (1957)
Leander class (1961)
BB Leander class (1967)
HMS Mermaid (1966)
Amazon class (1971)
Broadsword class (1976)
Boxer class (1981)
Cornwall class (1985)
Duke class (1987)
British cold war Submarines
T (conv.) class (1944)
T (Stream) class (1945)
A (Mod.) class (1944)
Explorer class (1954)
Strickleback class (1954)
Porpoise class (1956)
Oberon class (1959)
HMS Dreanought SSN (1960)
Valiant class SSN (1963)
Resolution class SSBN (1966)
Swiftsure class SSN (1971)
Trafalgar class SSN (1981)
Upholder class (1986)
Vanguard class SSBN (started)
Assault ships
Fearless class (1963)
HMS Ocean (started)
Sir Lancelot LLS (1963)
Sir Galahad (1986)
Ardennes/Avon class (1976)
Brit. LCVPs (1963)
Brit. LCM(9) (1980)
Minesweepers/layers
Ton class (1952)
Ham class (1947)
Ley class (1952)
HMS Abdiel (1967)
HMS Wilton (1972)
Hunt class (1978)
Venturer class (1979)
River class (1983)
Sandown class (1988)
Misc. ships
HMS Argus ATS (1988)
Ford class SDF (1951)
Cormorant class (1985)
Kingfisger class (1974)
HMS Jura OPV (1975)
Island class OPVs (1976)
HMS Speedy PHDF (1979)
Castle class OPVs (1980)
Peacock class OPVs (1982)
MBT 538 class (1948)
Gay class FACs (1952)
Dark class FACs (1954)
Bold class FACs (1955)
Brave class FACs (1957)
Tenacity class PCs (1967)
Brave class FPCs (1969)
Spanish Armada
☍ See the Page
Dédalo aircraft carrier (1967)
Principe de Asturias (1982)
Alava class DDs (1946)
Audaz class DDs (1955)
Oquendo class DDs (1956)
Roger de Lauria class (1967)
Baleares class FFs (1971)
Descubierta class FFs (1978)
Numancia class FFs (1987)
Pizarro class gunboats (1944)
Artevida class Cvs (1952)
Serviola class Cvs (1990)
Spanish cold-war submarines
Spanish FACs
Spanish Minesweepers
Svenska Marinen
☍ See the Page
Tre Kronor class (1946)
Öland class DDs (1945)
Halland class DDs (1952) (1945)
Ostergotland class DDs (1956)
Spica III class Corvettes (1984)
Goteborg class Corvettes (1989)
U1 class subs (mod.1963)
Hajen class subs (1954)
Sjoormen class subs (1967)
Nacken class subs (1978)
Vastergotland class subs (1986)
Gotland class subs (1995)
T32 class MTBs (1951)
T42 class MTBs (1955)
Plejad class FACs (1951)
Spica I class FACs (1966)
Spica II class FACs (1972)
Hugin class FACs (1973)
Swedish Patrol Boats
Swedish minesweepers
Swedish Icebreakers
Taiwanese Navy
☍ See the Page
Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
Fuh Chow class FAC
Lung Chiang class FAC
Hai Ou class FAC(M)
MWW 50 class minehunters
Turkish Navy
☍ See the Page
Berk class FFs (1971)
Atilay class sub. (1974)
Cakabey class LST
Osman Gazi class LST
Turkish Fast Attack Crafts
Turkish Patrol Boats
USN (cold war)
☍ See the Page
Aircraft carriers
United States class (1950)
Essex SBC-27 (1950s)
Midway class (mod)
Forrestal class (1954)
Kitty Hawk class (1960)
USS Enterprise (1960)
Nimitz Class (1972)
Iowa Class (cold war)
Cruisers
Des Moines Class (1947)
Worcester Class (1948)
Boston Class (1955)
Galveston Class (1958)
Providence Class (1958)
Albany Class (1962)
USS Long Beach (1960)
Leahy Class (1961)
USS Bainbridge (1961)
Belknap Class (1963)
USS Truxtun (1964)
California Class (1971)
Virginia Class (1974)
CSGN Class (1976)
Ticonderoga Class (1981)
Destroyers
Mitscher class (1952)
Fletcher DDE (1950s)
USS Norfolk (1953)
F. Sherman class (1956)
Farragut class (1958)
Charles F. Adams class (1958)
Gearing FRAM I class (1960s)
Sumner FRAM II class (1970s)
Spruance class (1975)
Frigates
Dealey class (1953)
Claud Jones class (1958)
Bronstein class (1962)
Garcia class (1963)
Brooke class (1963)
Knox class (1966)
OH Perry class (1976)
Submarines
Guppy class Submarines (1946-59)
Barracuda class SSK (1951)
Tang class SSK (1951)
USS Darter SSK (1956)
Mackerel class SSK (1953)
USS Albacore SSK (1953)
USS X1 Midget subs (1955)
Barbel class SSK (1958)
USS Nautilus SSN (1954)
USS Seawolf SSN (1955)
Skate class SSN (1957)
Skipjack class SSN (1958)
USS Tullibee SSN (1960)
Tresher/Permit class SSN (1960)
Sturgeon class SSN (1963)
Los Angeles class SSN (1974)
Seawolf class SSN (1989)
Grayback class SSBN (1957)
USS Halibut SSBN (1959)
Gato SSG (1960s)
E. Allen class SSBN (1960)
G. Washington class SSBN (1969)
Lafayette class SSBN (1962)
Ohio class SSBN (1979)
Migraine class RP (1950s)
Sailfish class RP (1955)
USS Triton class RP (1958)
Amphibious/assault ships
Iwo Jima class HC (1960)
Tarawa class LHD (1973)
Wasp class LHD (1987)
Thomaston class LSD (1954)
Raleigh class LSD (1962)
Austin class LSD (1964)
Anchorage class LSD (1968)
Whibdey Island class LSD (1983)
Parish class LST (1952)
County class LST (1957)
Newport class LST (1968)
Tulare class APA (1953)
Charleston class APA (1967)
USS Carronade support ship (1953)
Mine warfare ships
Agile class (1952)
Ability (1956)
Avenger (1987)
USS Cardinal (1983)
Adjutant class (1953)
USS Cove (1958)
USS Bittern (1957)
Minesweeping boats/launches
Misc. ships
USS Northampton CS (1951)
Blue Ridge class CS (1969)
Wright class CS (1969)
PT812 class (1950)
Nasty class FAC (1962)
Osprey class FAC (1967)
Asheville class FACs (1966)
USN Hydrofoils (1962-81)
Vietnam Patrol Boats (1965-73)
Coastguard
Hamilton class (1965)
Reliance class (1963)
Bear class (1979)
cold war CG PBs
☯ ASIA
Chinese Navy
☍ See the Page
Chinese Destroyers
Type 7 Anshan class (1955)
Type 051 Luda class (1972)
Type 052 Luhu Class (1991)
Chinese Frigates
Type 065 Chengdu class (1956)
Type 065 Jiangnan class (1967)
Type 053K Jiangdong class (1973)
Type 053H Jianghu class (1977)
Type 053H2G Jiangwei I class (1990)
Chinese Submarines
Type 03 class (1956)
Type 033 class (1963)
Ming class (1973)
Han class SSN (1970)
Xia class SSBN (1981)
Wuhan class SSBN (1987)
Attack ships
Huchuan class THF (1966)
Hoku class FAC (1965)
Huangfeng class FAC (1966)
Hola class FAC (1966)
Houxin/Houjian class FAC (1990s)
Chinese Landing ships/crafts
Yu Ling class LST (1971)
Yukan class LST (1978)
Yudao class LST (1980)
Yunnan class LC (1968)
Chinese Patrol vessels
Huangpu class RPC (1950)
Shantou class CPC (1956)
Shanghai class LPC (1959)
Hainan class LPC (1964)
Yulin class RPC (1964)
Haikou class LPC (1968)
Haijui class LPfC (1987)
Chinese Minesweepers
Indian Navy
☍ See the Page
Vikrant class CVs (1961)
Viraat class CVs (1986)
Cruiser Delhi (1948)
Cruiser Mysore (1957)
Raja class DDs (1949)
Rajput class DDs (1980)
Delhi class DDs (1990)
Khukri class FFs (1956)
Talwar class FFs (1958)
Brahmaputra class FFs (1957)
Nilgiri class FFs (1968)
Godavari class FFs (1980)
Kusura class subs (1970)
Shishumar class subs (1984)
Sindhugosh class subs (1986)
Indian Amphibious ships
Indian corvettes (1969-90)
Khukri class corvettes (1989)
SDB Mk.2 class PBs (1977)
Vikram class OPVs (1979)
Sukanya class OPVs (1989)
Indonesian Navy
☍ See the Page
Fatahilla class Frigates (1977)
Pattimura class corvettes (1956)
Indonesian Marines
Indonesian Mine Vessels
Indonesian FAC/OPVs
JMSDF
☍ See the Page
JMSDF Destroyers
Harukaze class DD (1955)
Ayanami class DD (1957)
Murasame class DD (1958)
Akizuki class DD (1959)
Amatukaze missile DD (1963)
Yamagumo class DDE (1965)
Takatsuki class DD (1966)
Minegumo class DDE (1967)
Haruna class DDH (1971)
Tachikaze class DD (1974)
Shirane class DDH (1978)
Hatsuyuki class DDs (1980)
Hatakaze class DDs (1984)
Asigiri class DDs (1986)
Kongo class DDs (started 1990)
JMSDF Frigates
Akebono class FFs (1955)
Isuzu class FFs (1961)
Chikugo class FFs (1970)
Ishikari class FFs (1980)
Yubari class FFs (1982)
Abukuma class FFs (1988)
JMSDF submarines
Oyashio class Sub. (1959)
Hayashio class Sub. (1961)
Natsushio class Sub. (1963)
Oshio class Sub. (1964)
Uzushio class Sub. (1970)
Yushio class Sub. (1979)
Harushio class Sub. (1989)
JMSDF Misc. ships
Japanese Landing Ships
Japanese Large Patrol Ships
Japanese Patrol Crafts
Japanese Minesweepers
Japanese Sub-chasers
North Korean Navy
☍ See the Page
Najin class Frigates
Experimental Frigate Soho
Sariwan class Corvettes
Sinpo class subs.
Sang-O class subs.
Yono class subs.
Yugo class subs.
Hungnam class LCM
Hante class LST
Songjong class HVC
Sin Hung/Ku Song FACs
Anju class FACs
Iwon class FACs
Chaho class FACs
Hong Jin class FAC-G
Sohung class MTBs
Sinpo class MTBs
Nampo class FALC
Philippines Navy
☍ See the Page
Datu Kalantian class Frigates (1976)
Bacolod City class LS(L)
Philippino Patrol Crafts
ROKN
☍ See the Page
Ulsan class frigates (1980)
Pohang class corvettes (1984)
Dong Hae class corvettes (1982)
Han Kang class patrol corvettes (1985)
Chamsuri (PKM 268) PBs (1978)
ROKS coast guard vessels
Paek Ku class FAC (1975)
Kang Keong class minehunters (1986)
Taiwanese Navy
☍ See the Page
Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
Fuh Chow class FAC
Lung Chiang class FAC
Hai Ou class FAC(M)
MWW 50 class minehunters
☪ MIDDLE EAST
IDF Navy
☍ See the Page
Eilat class Corvettes (1993)
SAAR 5 Project
SAAR 1 FAC
SAAR 4 FAC
SAAR 4.5 FAC
Dvora class FAC
Shimrit class MHFs
IDF FACs/PBs
Etzion Geber LST
Ash class LCT
Iranian Navy
☍ See the Page
Destroyer Artemiz (1965)
Bayandor class FFs (1963)
Alvand class FFs (1969)
Khalije Fars class DDs (2016)*
♅ OCEANIA
RAN
☍ See the Page
HMAS Sydney (1948*)
HMAS Melbourne (1955*)
Tobruk class DDs (1947)
Voyager class DDs (1952)
Perth class MDD (1963)
Quadrant class FFs (1953)
Yarra class FFs (1958)
Swan class FFs (1967)
Adelaide class MFFs (1978)
Anzac class MFFs (1990s)
Oxley class subs (1965)
Collins class subs (1990s)
Australian Amphibious ships
Fremantle class PBs
Royal New Zealand Navy
☍ See the Page
HMNZS Royalist (1956)
Pukaki class patrol Crafts (1974)
Moa class patrol crafts (1983)
HMNZS Aotearoa (2019)*
☩ South America
Argentina
☍ See the Page
ARA Independencia (1958)
ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (1968)
Belgrano class cruisers (1951)
Almirante Brown class Frigates (1981)
Mantilla class corvettes (1981)
Espora class corvettes (1982)
Salta class submarines (1972)
Santa Cruz class submarines (1982)
Brazilian Navy
☍ See the Page
Minas Gerais aircraft carrier (1956)
Cruiser Barroso (1951)
Cruiser Tamandare (1951)
Acre class destroyers (1945)
Niteroi class Frigates (1974)
Ihnauma class Frigate (1986)
Tupi class submarines (1987)
Brazilian patrol ships
Chilean Navy
☍ See the Page
O'Higgins class cruisers
Lattore Cruiser (1971)
Almirante class destroyers (1960)
Prat class M. Destroyers (1982)
Almirante Lynch class Frigates (1972)
Thomson class subs (1982)
Small surface combatants
Peruvian Navy
☍ See the Page
Almirante Grau(ii) class
Almirante Grau(iii) class
Abtao class sub.
PR-72P class corvettes
Velarde class OPVs
℣ AFRICA
Egyptian Navy
☍ See the Page
October class FAC/M (1975)
Ramadan class FAC/M (1979)
South African Navy
☍ See the Page
Wager class destroyers (1950)
President class Frigates (1960)
Maria Van Riebeeck class subs (1969)
Astrant class subs (1977)
Minister class FAC(M) (1977)
SANDF Minesweepers
☫ Minor cold war/modern Navies
✚ MORE
⚔ Cold War Naval Events
⚔ Indochina War naval ops
⚔ Korean War naval ops
⚔ 1956 intervention in Suez
⚔ 1960 Cuban crisis
⚔ 1960 US/Soviet compared strenghts
⚔ 1963-69 Algerian war naval ops
⚔ Naval warfare in Vietnam
⚔ Middle East naval fights
⚔ 1980 Falkland wars
⚔ 1990 Gulf War
⚔ Modern Navies
⚔ Modern PLAN
✈ Cold War Naval Aviation
See the full section
Seaplanes
Grumman Mallard 1946
Edo OSE-1 1946
Short Solent 1946
de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver 1947
Grumman Albatross 1947
Hughes H-4 Hercules (completed & first flight, prototype)
Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 1947 (jet fighter seaplane prototype)
Short Sealand 1947
Martin P5M Marlin 1948
Supermarine Seagull ASR-1 1948 (prototype successor to the Walrus)
Nord 1400 Noroit 1949
Norsk Flyindustri Finnmark 5A (interesting Norwegian prototype)
SNCASE SE-1210 French prototype flying boat 1949
Convair R3Y Tradewind USN patrol flying boat 1950
Goodyear Drake (proto seaboat) 1950
de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter 1951 (RCAN)
Saunders-Roe Princess 1952 (RN requisition possible)
Convair F2Y Sea Dart Prototype delta jet fighter seaplane 1953
Martin P6M SeaMaster strategic bomber flying boat 1955
Ikarus Kurir H 1957
Shin Meiwa UF-XS prototype 1962
Shin Meiwa PS-1 patrol flying boat 1967
Canadair CL-215 1967 water bomber, some operated by the RCAN
GAF Nomad patrol australian land/floatplane 1971
Harbin SH-5 Main PLAN patrol flying boat 1976
Cessna 208 Caravan transport flotplane (some navies) 1982
Dornier Seastar prototype 1984
Patrol Planes
ATR 42 MP Surveyor (Italy, 1984)
ATR 72 MP (Italy 1988)
ATR 72 ASW (France, 1988)
Breguet Atlantic (France 1965)
Nord 1402 Noroit (France 1949)
Avro Shackleton (UK 1949)
BAE Nimrod MRA4 (UK 2004)
Britten-Norman Defender/Islander (UK 1970)
Fairey Gannet (UK 1949)
Hawker-Siddeley Nimrod (UK 1967)
Beechcraft King Air (USA 1963)
Basler BT-67 (USA 1990)
Boeing 737 Surveiller (USA 1967)
Boeing P-8 Poseidon (USA 2009)
Lockheed P-2 Neptune (USA, 1945)
Lockheed P-3 Orion (USA 1959)
Martin P4M Mercator (USA 1946)
Convair P5Y (USA 1950)
Douglas/BSAS Turbo Dakota (USA 1991)
Bombardier DHC-8 MPA/MSA (Can 2007)
Canadair CP-107 Argus (Can 1957)
CASA C-212 MPA (Spain 1971)
CASA/IPTN CN-235 MPA/HC-144 Ocean Sentry (Spain 1983)
CASA C-295 MPA (Spain 1997)
Diamond DA42 Guardian (Austria 2002)
Dornier 228 (Germany 1981)
Embraer EMB 111 Bandeirante (Brazil 1968)
Embraer R-99 (Brazil 2001)
Embraer P-99 (Brazil 2003)
Fokker F27 200-MAR (NL 1955)
Fokker F27 Maritime Enforcer (NL 1955)
IAI 1124N Sea Scan (Israel 1977)
Kawasaki P-1 (Japan 2007)
Kawasaki P-2J (Japan 1966)
Saab Swordfish (Sweden 2016)
Shaanxi Y-8F,Q,X (China 1984)
Short Seavan (UK 1976)
Beriev Be-8 1947
Beriev Be-6 1949
Beriev R-1 turbojet prototype seaplane 1952
Beriev Be-10 1956
Beriev Be-12 Chaika 1960
Beriev Be-40/A-40 Albatross prototypes 1986
Chetverikov TA-1 1947
Ilyushin Il-38 'May' (USSR 1967)
Myasishchev 3M/3MD (USSR 1956)
Tupolev Tu-16T/PL/R/RM/SP (USSR 1952)
Tupolev Tu-95MR (USSR 1961)
Tupolev Tu-142 (USSR 1968)
Carrier Planes
USN
Douglas A-3 Skywarrior
Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
Douglas A2D Skyshark
Douglas AD Skyraider
Douglas F3D Skynight
Douglas F4D Skyray
Grumman A-6 Intruder
Grumman AF Guardian
Grumman C-1 Trader
Grumman C-2 Greyhound
Grumman E-1 Tracer
Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
Grumman EA-6B Prowler
Grumman F-9 Cougar
Grumman F9F Panther
Grumman F-11 Tiger
Grumman F-14 Tomcat ➚
Grumman S-2 Tracker
Lockheed Martin F-35B
Lockheed S-3 Viking ➚
McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk
McDonnell FH Phantom
McDonnell F2H Banshee
McDonnell F3H Demon
McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B Harrier II
McDonnell-Douglas F/A-18 Hornet
North American A-5 Vigilante
North American AJ Savage
North American FJ Fury
North American T-2 Buckeye
North American T-28 Trojan
Vought A-7 Corsair
Vought F-8 Crusader
Vought F6U Pirate
Vought F7U Cutlass
Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
Boeing EA-18G Growler
RN
Blackburn Buccaneer
Boulton Paul Sea Balliol
BAe Sea Harrier
de Havilland Sea Vampire
de Havilland Sea Venom
de Havilland Sea Vixen
Fairey Gannet
Hawker Sea Hawk
Short Seamew
Westland Wyvern
Marine Nationale
Breguet Alizé
Dassault Étendard IV
Dassault Super Étendard
Dassault Rafale M
Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr M
SNCASE Aquilon
Soviet Navy
Sukhoi Su-25UTG/UBP
Sukhoi Su-33
Yakovlev Yak-38
Navy Helicopters
Chinese PLAN:
Harbin Z-5 (1958)
Harbin Z-9 Haitun (1981)
Changhe Z-8 (1985)
Harbin Z-20 (in development)
Italy:
Agusta Bell AB-205 (1961)
Agusta Bell AB-212 (1971)
Agusta AS-61 (1968)
India:
Hal Dhruv (Indian Navy)
France:
Alouette II (1955)
Alouette III (1959)
Super Frelon (1965)
Cougar ()
Panther ()
Super Cougar H225M ()
Fennec ()
MH-65 Dolphin ()
UH-72 Lakota ()
Germany:
MBB Bo 105 (1967)
NHIndustries NH90
Japan:
Mitsubishi H-60 (1987)
Poland:
PZL W-3 Sokół (1979)
Romania:
IAR 330M (1975)
United Kingdom:
Westland Lynx (1971)
Westland Scout (1960) RAN
Westland Sea King (1969)
Westland Wasp (1962)
Westland Wessex (1958)
Westland Whirlwind (1953)
Westland WS-51 Dragonfly (1948)
USA:
Gyrodyne QH-50 DASH
Hiller ROE Rotorcycle (1956)
Piasecki HRP Rescuer (1945)
Bell UH-1N Twin Huey (1969)
SH-2 Seasprite (1959)
SH-2G Super Seasprite (1982)
CH-53 Sea Stallion (1966)
SH-60 Seahawk (1979)
Sikorsky S-61R (1959)
MH-53E Sea Dragon (1974)
ussr:
Kamov Ka 20 (1958)
Ka-25 "Hormone" (1960)
Ka-27 "Helix" (1973)
Ka-31 (1987)
Ka-35 (2015)
Ka-40 (1990)
Mil-Mi 2 (1949)
Mil Mi-4 (1952)
Civilian
♆ WW1 US Shipping Board
☍ Emergency Fleet Corporation
☍
☍
Hog islander program
Design 1022 ships
Design 1023 ships
Design 1024 ships
Design 1001
♆ WW2 US Maritime Commission
>Liberty ships
>Victory ships
>Type C1
>Type C2
Type C3
>Type C4
>Tankers T1
Tankers T2
>Tankers T3
Specialized Types
⛴ Naval Landmarks
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