Allen M. Sumner class destroyers (1943)

US Navy Fleet Destroyers (1942-80s): 58 Ships
WW2 US DDs:
Wickes class | Clemson class | Farragut class | Porter class | Mahan class | Gridley class | Bagley class | Somers class | Benham class | Sims class | Benson class | Gleaves class | Fletcher class | Allen M. Sumner class | Gearing class
US Navy Fleet Destroyers (1942-80s): 58 Ships; DD-692 to DD-790 [wpcode id="40043"]
The Sumner were about the last US destroyers of WW2 to see significant service. Their near-sisters, the Gearing class, were completed in the dying days or postwar. Above all, the Allen M. Sumner class destroyers marked a true break with the rather excellent and mass-produced Fletcher class, an inheritance of interwar designs, just "stretched" for better performances and additional AA. But the next classes went for three standard 5-in/38 twin turrets, while having extra space for AA. The hull was widened and the machinery repeated, making for an interim class. They arrived late, launched in 1944, commissioned from mid-1945, and for many, postwar. What they missed in WW2, they will make it for in the cold war, with radical modernizations into the 1970s, and further under other flags. #ww2 #allenmsumner #destroyer #unitedstatesnavy #pacificwar #framii

The Allen M. Sumner class essentials

In October 1941, the Bureau of Ships (BuShips) proposed a new destroyer design based on its new twin enclosed 5in/38, the same weapon already in production for heavier ships. One great advantage claimed over the Fletcher was reduced crowding along the centreline, which might make it easier to mount additional light AA weapons. At the same time the General Board began to work towards a new heavy destroyer of higher speed, which early in 1942 was proposed as a 2500-tonner; the Bureau of Ships proposal, employing a hull similar to that of the Fletcher and essentially the same machinery, was to be an 'interim' type. In fact more of these interim' ships were ordered than of any other US destroyerdesign, although many were built to a modified design as Gearings. Trials produced figures of 61,657shp = 32.99kts at 3086t (Moale). In a sense the Sumners were the victims of all that added centreline space, in that the Forces Afloat were able to demand more and more AA weapons (ultimately 2 quadruple and 2 twin 40mm and 11-20mm) which in turn contributed to a severe overweight problem; in the end the ships could not attain the speeds of their predecessors, and at the same time required more power to remain at cruising speed, so that their range proved inadequate. These problems were evident in the first units completed in 1943, and they were responsitble for the Gearing design. There was one other problem. The ships were designed with an Admiralty-style (partly closed) bridge, which proved very unpopular in service; early units had to be refitted, although a division of Sumners fought at Normandy with the original closed bridge. 6 DCTs and 2 racks were fitted. In 1944 twelve ships (DD 735-740, 749-751 and 771-773) were completed as destroyer-minelayers, capable of carrying up to 120 mines each; they were not fitted with TT but had 4 DCTs and 8-20mm. As the US Navy had by then shifted to using aircraft for mining enemy waters, it is not clear whether any of these ships ever operated as a minelayer, although four were severely damaged AA picket duty off Okinawa.

Introduction by destroyersonline.com:

The Sumner class destroyer was the next evolutionary step from the Fletcher class and reflected the increasing need for Anti-Aircraft Warfare defense. They shared the same power plants as their predecessor but had twin rudders and were slightly longer and wider in the beam. They are often referred to as 'short-hulls' as the subsequent Gearing class DD's were essentially the same as the Sumner class except for a 14 foot extension inserted into the middle of the hull. This was to give the ship a larger fuel capacity and, therefore, increased range. Of the seventy Sumner's Class DD's built only five were lost to enemy action. The Meredith struck a mine during the D-Day landing and was lost to a German aircraft attack. The Cooper was sunk by a Japanese destroyer in the Philippines. The Mannert L. Abele was sunk by a hit from an "Oka"-bomb and a Kamikaze plane off Okinawa. The Drexler and the Hugh W. Hadley were both lost to hits by Kamikazes. Many others suffered severe damage from large numbers of Kamikaze attacks and various other battle actions but these were repaired and returned to service. Twelve of the seventy DD's were converted for mine-laying duty while under construction. As the years passed and the need for improved Anti-Submarine Warfare capabilites became evident, the Sumner Class DD's received numerous modifications to the weapons and electronics on board. Improved surface and air search radars, ECM (Electronic Counter Measures) equipment, fixed and directable hedgehog launchers, new torpedoes and torpedo launching systems, DASH (Drone Anti Submarine Helicopter), fixed and variable depth sonar (VDS) systems were added extending the service life of the ships far beyond the expectations of the people that planned the first one. A few of these old work-horses are still around even today in the service of foreign navies... src

Design development of the Sumner class

The early start of the program went all the way back to 1939 when the Fletcher class was discussed at an early stage. Indeed in these early developments, several designs were proposed, some mixing already the twin 5-in/38 twin turret in development, and single ones. But ultimately a more conservative approach was chosen and the Fletchers ended with five single. The larger size and weight of these Mark Mk38 Mod0 mounts indeed, needed to review stability calculations: Not only because of the reinforcements of the weather deck, strenghtened supports below and extra hull framing, but also to widen the hull altogether.
Thus in 1942, the Admiralty started researching in effect a new 2,500 ton high speed destroyer, a project which required to cope with the extra dimensions, a machinery far superior to those of the Fletcher, which were not ready in time to meet the first specification. So the naval staff decided for a "interim" destroyer type with the previous machinery but the new intended hull and armament. This became in effect, the Sumner class. To simplify design time the same hull, widened by just 19 inches or 1.6 ft to 41 ft (12.5 m) instead of 39.5 ft (12 m). This wider hull of course had an immediate effect on speed loss, down to 36.5 knots instead of 38. For many in the top brass, still thinking of traditional surface engagements with IJN destroyers, this was an issue, only partially compensated by a greater firepower. Another factor pleading for a wider hull was to get more space to stack AA guns, now the heavyer Bofors and Oerlikons. Indeed in 1942, reports from early engagements were clear about the lack of defensive armament onboard US destroyers: Both Crews and unit commanders unanimously wanted a drastic increase, but the weight increase caused by these additions had an effect again on stability and performances. The Fletchers were gradually improved, but at the sacrifice of one TT banks. The Sumners had this AA increase, while keeping in tact their two quintuple TT banks (for a time), but they were underperforming. Some commander saw this speed loss also as a hinderance to dodge air attacks as well. This problem was only solved in 1945 with the Gearing class. They were slightly less beamy at 40.9 ft (12.5 m) but compensated with more output, with the expected powerplant. But they arrived far too late to do anything in operations, although many by the summer of 1945 still thought the war will go on into 1946 as well.

Design of the class

[caption id="attachment_47296" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Photo #: S-511-51 Scheme B-VII - Destroyer Study (DD 692) Preliminary design plan prepared for the General Board near the end of the process leading to the Allen M. Sumner (DD-692) class design. This 10 March 1942 plan, for a 2270-ton (standard displacement) ship, is a development of Scheme B-II of 30 September 1941, and was the basis for the DD-692 class design. It provides three twin 5/38 dual-purpose gun mounts (two forward, one aft), two twin 40mm anti-aircraft gun mounts, and ten torpedo tubes in two banks of five. Note that the bridge arrangement has been altered from the earlier schemes in the Scheme Bseries. The original plan is in the 1939-1944 Spring Styles Book held by the Naval History and Heritage Command. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph.[/caption] Scheme B, sept. 1941 src Scheme BIII 30 sept. 1941 Scheme B VII, March 1942, closer to the final draft.

Hull and general design

The Sumner class had a profile reminiscent of the Fletcher class, since their hull was basically the exact same to gain design time, just widened by a small margin of 1.6 feet (50 cm). This was not seen in her silhouette, still elegant, but when seen from above. The prow was twice as high as the poop, and the general waterline shape was in "almond" with the greatest beam reached well past the amidship frames. In fact it was pas the aft funnel as well. The poop was still "semi-transom", angular and rounded at the same time. Final outboard design, 1943 Final outboard design, 1943 The first Sumner series (58 ships total), had an “admiralty” enclosed bridge, which discouraged first commanders asking for extra visibility. From those completed from early 1944, a new closed/open-bridge like on the late Fletcher class became standard. As for the general outlook, they had the same general silhouette, with two superfiring turret forward, albeit now twins, a low bridge behind, at first enclosed and prismatic, angular, enclosed with portholes to simplify construction. The view barely cleared the top of "B" turret. As traditionally, the main Mark 37 fire control director and its associated radar were placed on the roof. Commanders were not happy with the enclosed bridge and for ships in completion expected later in 1944, a new open/close bridge was created: The enclosed bridge like of the Fletchers had a forward surrounding open bridge with some voice piping included.
Gunnery control station general scheme by Buships, 1943 Past the bridge was the pole foremast, anchored at its back, supporting the early light radars, and the forefunnel, capped, and behind it al usualmly mounted on the superstructure, was the fore torpedo tube bank, same quintuple model as previous destroyer classes. Behind was the aft funnel, a bit lower and also slanted. Behind were located the bulk of the AA mounts, including two large quad Bofors creating wings, and four twins as well as single Oerlikons. Aft of these was the quarterdeck and radio house, aft torpedo tubes bank, and the aft twin turret on deck. Alongside the structure K-gun depth charge throwers were installed, and there was a single rack at the poop, where the last 20 mm mounts were located. Internally, the ship had seven decks from the bridge to the "semi-deck" of the stern section. The hull had three internal full hight decks, dying when started the bulkheaded fore machninery room arrangement, in échelon to separare boilers and turbines. To alleviate any flooding, there was a strick compartimentation going up to the weather deck. To enter the machinery spaces, accesses from top only were practices and to join the poop from the prow, it was only possible by walking the weather deck all its lenght, albeit internally it was possible from "B" turret to "B" TT bank. Like the previous destroyers, the Sumners had a bulwark to protect the aft deck from waves and water spray, seated at the foot of the bridge. The novelty was that two wings blocks extended all the way to the beam aft of the bridge to support the forward twin Bofors mounts, further shielding the aft deck section. This gave these ships, as with the low bridges, a more bulkier, stockier, robust appearance compared to the dashing Fletchers. They were completely new animals.

Powerplant

As said above, there was nothing revolutionary about the Sumner class machinery. It was a repeat of the Fletcher class, wich just a few inches to spare either side: Two shafts, driven by two 2 sets of General Electric geared steam turbines, fed in turn by four Babcock & Wilcox boilers (that was the design standard, with changes between yards), all in separated rooms, single for the tubines, double for the boilers for redundancy. In case of a torpedo hut and flooding, they could survive. This powerplant gave a total of 60,000 shp, for a top speed of 36.5 knots. As for fuel, a total of 379 tons up to 504 tons when abolutely all void compartments were filled, were carried. This was a bit more than the max capacity of the Fletchers, at 492 tons, a difference only explained by the beamier hull as the tanks were unchanged in locations and general dimensions. This enabled an endurance of 3,300 nautical miles at 20 knots, whereas the Fletchers were reported at 6,500 nm but at 15 kts. Cutaway by Bob Barrett.

Armament

The game changer was not only the triple twin turrets, bringing an additional barrel, without sacrifice during the war (many Fletchers, most Bensons/Gleaves saw the removal of N°3 gun for more AA). In addition, they kept their two quintuple torpedo tubes banks, but without reloads, and most amazing of all, whereas some Fletchers started with a single quad 1.1 in "chicago piano", rather mediocre, the Sumners started with two quad Bofors, two twins and many Oerlikons to round this up. It was just the start. During the was, their aftermost TT bank was often removed to make room for extra Bofors. Let's dive into this: DD692 to 709, 722 to 734, 741 to 748, 752 to 759, DD770, DD774 to 781, and DD 857 had the "stock" armament as first planned, the one described above. Mk 12 twnin mounts, two quad 40mm/56 Mk 1.2 located on the wings of the aft superstructure and two twin 40mm/56 Mk 1.2 located on platforms either side of the bridge; In addition eleven single 20mm/70 Mk 4 were peppered along the ship, on deck for most and some on the bridge. At the poop they formed a triangle. This was rounded by the usual ASW suite, six DCT (depth charge throwers) and two racks at the poop with a grand total of 56 depht charges in reserve, see below.

Main: Three twin 5-in/38 Mark 12 enclosed mounts

Placed for forward combat with two turrets superfiring forward (the N°2 caused stability concerns) and a single on the deck aft. They were the first time a twin turret was fitted on a US destroyers, since the Destroyer leaders of the Porter and Porter class which had a anti-ship mounts Mark 22 instead. The new Mark 12 was more compact but taller due to the high angle reload system enabling a great rate of fire. After the top edge fire control system which made these arguably the best dual purpose guns of WW2, using proximity fuses was another enormous advantage. The turrets ended on any ship of the Navy from the destroyer to up level, light, AA, heavy cruisers, battleships and aircraft carriers. This was the great standard also used by the RN and for which untold quantities of rounds were turned by US factories. The stockpile in the billions was such that it could continue to feed arsenals using these ships, even modernized around the globe, until the very end of the cold war ! In Europe for example, all NATO navies used this caliber for decades, including for their own domestic destroyers, except Britain. Spain, Italy, France and West Germany, but also Greece Turkey, the Netherlands, etc. Each turret had two Mark 12 guns, on a Mark 38 Mod 1 and Mod 2 (Sumner and Gearing respectively), weighting for the Mark 38 Mod 0, 95,700 lbs so the weight of a heavy tank. However on destroyers if similar in design these mounts differed by having a much lighter construction but thinner shield. The also had simpler case deflection chutes in case of ejection chutes. Above: General ONI file, Mark 38 mount. Not the clearance circle for the case ejection port hatches aft. Below: Top scheme showing the disposition of the crew inside a Mark 38 or similar twin mount (from navweaps).

specifications Mark 12 gun

Twin Mount Weight (Mk.38 mod0)95,700 lbs. (43,409 kg)
Shell 20 × 110 mm RB. HE 123 g (4.3 oz), HE/T: 116 g (4.1 oz)
Muzzle velocity820 m/s (2,700 ft/s)
Rate of fireMax 450, Practical 250-320, cyclic 900 rpm
RangeEffective 914 m (1,000 yd), max 45° 4,389 m (4,800 yd)
Elevation-15/+85 degrees (30° train, 15° elevat./sec.)
ProtectionMod 0: 0.125 in (0.32 cm)
Crew9

Anti-Aircraft Armament

2"/50 Bofors (40 mm) Mark 12, Mark 2/4 quad, Mark 1 Twin
ONI 40 mm quad Bofors sheet These models derived from the originals made by Swedish AB Bofors in the 1930s, and they were soon adopted by the US for mass production under its own patterns, with many improvements, deriving from earlier British models. Chrysler made 60,000 guns, 120,000 barrels at half the original projected cost. On the Sumner and Gearing class, as well as the modified Fletchers, they were available in both quad and twin mounts. The former was the MK 12 quadruple mount, provided as standard with 2,000 rounds per barrel. Barrel life was c9,500 Rounds. Mount: Mark 4 quad: Weight 22,795 - 24,553 lbs (10,340 - 11,137 kg), elevation -15/+90 (rate 55°/sec) train 50°/sec. Crew: five men, gun commander, two gunners, two loaders. Recoil 7.9 in (20 cm) RPM: 16-round bursts cycles, up to 120 rpm with a well-trained crew. Round: 900 g (2.0 lb) HE 40×311R (rimmed) shell, 2,960 ft/s (900 m/s), penetration 4,000 yards (3,658 m): 0.60" (15 mm) Range: 7,200 m (23,600 ft), max practicable 3,800 m (12,500 ft), but max 22,800 feet (6,949 m) at 90°. [caption id="attachment_47338" align="aligncenter" width="740"] USS English (DD-696): a 40mm gun crew prepares to bombard enemy installations along the Korean coast, circa October 1950 - February 1951. Photograph was received by the Naval Photographic Center on 21 February 1951. Note radar antenna on this quad 40mm mount and ammunition loaded in guns. Another 40mm mount, pointed in the opposite direction, is in the upper left background. Official U.S. Navy Photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives.[/caption] Both twin and quads mounts shared the water-cooled Mark 1 and Mark 2 Bofors guns. The quads were two twin mounts joined together, each pair had a left-hand gun Mark 1, right-hand gun Mark 2. The pairs were 60.0 in (1.524 m) apart. Elevation motors: 5 hp, training motors: 5/7.5 hp, Hydraulic drive gear. Fired using a delay gear to reduce inbalance and dispersion. In all, 2,300 quad mounts were provided to the Navy. More
1.1-in/70 Oerlikon (20 mm) single Mark
20 mm Oerlikon 20 mm Oerlikon gun Going back to Luftstreitkräfte planes gun project from 1918, took on in the interwar was Seebach Maschinenbau Aktien Gesellschaft of Zürich (SEMAG) into the 1935 into the FF, FFL and FFS family, licenced to Hispano-Suiza, Ikaria and others. The ship base Oerlikon SS (1938) was adopted and licenced, towards the 1SS of 1942, and 2SS from 1945 on the Gearing class. Coupled with the electric Mark 14 gunsight which triangulated an aiming point on a fast-flying aircraft using two gyro stabilization systems. These single mounts were shielded. Provision was four on the Benhams, Fletcher, bu it went to eleven for the Sumner and Gearing classes due their larger useful deck space and design modifications. This changed little as the war progressed due to the short time involved and because the Bofors was clearly preferred by the summer of 1945 with the "kamikaze onslaught" which decimated Fletcher class ships in particular in picket duty off Okinawa. On the Sumner class, these eleven 1,695 lbs. (769 kg) mount Mark 4, 70 caliber (0.79") were located xxxx They had a Cyclic RPM of 450 rounds per minute, but practical 250-320 rounds, for a range of 3,840 feet (1,170 m) at 35° and up to 8,000 m max theoretical at 85° (-5/+87 degrees). Elevation and traverse were manual, the gunner having shoulder pads encompassing his forearm to use the whole upper body. Legs were generally rarely moved except when following a low passing-by "bogey". Details of the class (here, Gearing class).

ASW armament

Mark 8:
Introduced in 1943 these used a magnetic pistol, aluminum casing to avoid magnetic interference. A proximity model more accurate, 525 lbs. (238 kg) with a 270 lbs. (122 kg) TNT charge, sink rate 11.5 fps (3.5 mps) settings 50-500 feet (15-152 m). It was however found unreliable and maintenance-heavy wit a backup hydrostatic pistol fitted and probably retired in 1945 when the Sumners were commissioned.
Mark 9:
Standard-issue, reliable model from 1943 to 1945, evolution of the Mark 7 with "teardrop" shape for greater sink rate, and more accuracy. Mod 2: 1,000 feet (305 m), Torpex and spoiler plates to brake their rate of sink, but no on the Sumners which were fast enough to avoid the bast damage radius. Mod 0, 1 and 2, weight 320 lbs./145 kg, or 320 lbs./145 kg and 340 lbs. (154 kg), 200 lbs. (91 kg) warhead, TNT or 190 lbs. (86 kg) Mod 2. torpex. Same Settings as for the Mark 7, 50-300 feet (15-91 m) or 600 feet (183 m).
About the K Guns (Mark 6)
K_GUN_mk9_ONI The USN standard Depth Charge Thrower (DCT), Mark 9 "K-gun" capable of 60 to 150 yards (55 to 137 m) in just 3.4 to 5.1 seconds. Placed in three systems aft on deck abaft the deckhouse. The charges were 65 lbs. (29.5 kg) with increasing range, using black powder (settings 60, 90 and 150 yards (55, 82 and 137 m).

Sensors

Mk37 GFCS:

Soon after the Mark 33 director was created and first introduced, the Bureau of Ordnance started wotk on its successor, the Mark 37. At first just an improved director in 1936, trying to make it lighter, but it ended 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg), so heavier, but it had greater reliability, improved performance for the 5-inch guns especially in antiaircraft use. As for previous ships, the sensitive computer was installed below deck with a full CiC. It was of course installed over the bridge of the Sumner class, topped by a radar. At close-in ranges accuracy fell off however. The computer was the elderly Ford Mark 1, which combined with the VT proximity fuze increased hit probabilities.

SC radar:

This 220 kW standard air surveillance radar (1942), Air but also Surface-search model worked on VHF band with a PRF of 60 Hz, a Beamwidth of 10–25°, Pulsewidth of 4–5 μs, Range of 48–120 km (30–75 mi) with a precision of 90–180 m (98–197 yd). It was installed on top of the pole mainmast. Also the following: -SG radar -Mk 12.22 radar (combined with the Mark 37 director)

QGA sonar

Block diagram of the QGA system. The QGA was a searchlight sonar system designed for installation on destroyers. The system has two complete sonar equipments that are practically identical. One operates on a frequency of 14 kc; the other, on a frequency of 30 kc. The 30-kc transducer can be tilted downward from an angle of 0° to an angle of 45° below the deck. This feature is of value when the sonar vessel is approaching a deep target. The QGA consoles are similar to the QGB console. They are installed side by side in the sonar control room. The two equipments of the QGA are capable of independent operation, or they may be slaved by a control on the 14-kc console. External tactical recorder can be used to control the transmission of either equipment or both of them. The receiving system for each console consists of an audio receiver and a BDI receiver. The transmitters are conventional r-f amplifiers. A unicontrol-oscillator system tunes the receivers and transmitter of each unit. The magnetostriction transducers are mounted on concentric shafts that are hoisted and lowered together. The 30-kc transducer is smaller because of its higher frequency. It is mounted over the 14-kc transducer. The training mechanisms are arranged so that the transducers can be trained independently of each other. src See also Old author's profile, more to come.

⚙ Sumner class specifications

Displacement2,610 t. standard -3 218 t. Full Load
Dimensions 114.7 x 12.45 x 4.32 m draft (376 ft 6 in x 41 ft x 15 ft 9 in)
Propulsion2 shaft GE turbines, 4 Babcock & Wilcox boilers, 60,000 hp.
Speed38 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph)
RangeOil 379-504t, 3,300 nm/20 kts
Armament3×2 5-in/38, 2×4, 2×2 40mm, 11x 20mm AA, 2x5 533 mm TTs, 4 DC, 2 DCT
Protection0.5 in machinery deck, bridge, 0.7 in belt
SensorMark 37 gun director, SC radar, QGA sonar, later SG, Mark 12.22
Crew336

General Assessement

USS Allen M Sumner in 1959 The Sumner-class ships were overall satisfactory in service. They had the opportunity to distinguish themselves in late 1944 and 1944, although the last ones were not ready before the summer of 1945, seeing little action. 12 were completed as minelayers, but gave little satisfaction in this role and were converted back as radar pickets. Four of them, present in Okinawa, were badly damaged by Kamikazes. Despite their commitments, only were lot in action: USS Cooper, Mannert E Abele, and Drexler. Cold War Service: More than the Fletcher class, which saw modernizations and widespread service post-war, both the Sumner and Gearing class underwent compehensive rebuilts as ASW destroyers, with ASROC and extensive weaponry. 33 went through the FRAM program and served in the US Navy well into 1970-1973. Most being transferred to foreign navies, replaced in the USN by the smaller, cheaper Knox-class frigates. 29 were sold to other navies: 12 to the Republic of China Navy, 2 to the ROKN, 2 to Iran, 1 to Turkey, 1 to Greece, 2 to Venezuela, 2 to Colombia, 2 to Chile, 5 to Brazil, 4 to Argentina. USS Laffey (DD-724) is preserved as museum ship at Patriots Point, Charleston, South Carolina.

Appearance (camouflages)

Drawings dated 29 February 1944. Measure 32 Design 3D, for DD-692 (Allen M. Sumner) class destroyers. Measure 32 Design 3D, for DD-692 (Allen M. Sumner) class destroyers. Drawings dated 28 July 1944. Measure 32 Design 9D, for DD-692 (Allen M. Sumner) class destroyers. Drawings dated 6 April 1944. Measure 31 Design 16D, for DD-692 (Allen M. Sumner) class destroyers. Drawings dated 6 April 1944. Measure 31 Design 25D, for DD-692 (Allen M. Sumner) class destroyers. Drawings dated 6 May 1944. Measure 33a Design 27D, for DD-692 (Allen M. Sumner) class destroyers. Drawings dated 25 October 1944. Measure 33a Design 30D, for DD-692 (Allen M. Sumner) class destroyers. Drawings dated 30 November 1944. MS 32 design 11a, Drawings of May 1944 Allen M Sumner off New York in May 1944, Ms32 3D USS Barton in December 1943, Ms.21 USS Allen M Sumner in 1945, Ms.22 Note: More to come, late bridge types.

Cold War Legacy and FRAM modernization

FRAM modernization cutaway scheme, BuShips April 1952 Since very few of the Sumner class were still in completion when the war ended in September 1945, all already saw a significant service in WW2, albeit short. Postwar, many were mothballed, waiting for a decision, as maintaining active ships was costly and the cold war was not yet there. In 1948 however, a substantial number were still in active service, being considered more successful than the Fletcher class, and replacing in any case all the prewar designs, including the wartime Bensons/Gleaves, last prewar design to see significant service also in Korea, and many ending under other flags, just were many of the Fletchers under MDAP. Both the Gearings and Sumners had now the status as main first line destroyers of the USN, replacing what remained of the WWI legacy "four pipers" still around, and all classes from the Farraguts to the Gleaves. With the war in Korea, more were extracted from the mothballed and feverishly prepared for a still possible degradation into WW III. Thus, all ships in class spent the 1950s active, but also the 1960s as they underwent a signifivant cold war program called FRAM (Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization). It went way more in depht compared to the Fletcher DDE conversions, and in all cases, was a full rebuilding, giving them another fifteen years at least of useful service. The mai driving force behind the program was the need to increase the numbers of hulls at sea to face the new potential war with USSR and the "russian subs scare". The Navy in the 1950s knew Soviet scientists and engineers recuperated a wealth of data and complete Type XXI and XXIII German new generation submarines, and were setting ambitious mass production plans. Admiral Arleigh Burke as a response to estimates that the Soviet Navy would have a force of about 300 modern fast-attack submarines pressed this progral by 1957. The Project 613 (NATO "Whiskey") in particular was a headache which motivated a three prone response: Brand new classes of Frigates and Destroyers as well as modernizing WW2 destroyers and destroyer escorts to face the challenge. USS Bryce Canyon as AD-36 with other such converted Sumners at Terminal Island in 1962. USS Bryce Canyon as AD-36 with other such converted Sumners at Terminal Island in 1962. Concerning the program applied to the Sumner and Gearing, it was relatively similar in scope but different in nature and finality: The ships were to be transformed into dedicated, pure submarine hunters in place of their former WW2 multirole tasking. The Suùners received the FRAM II modernization in majority, albeit some Gearings and even Fletchers als received this upgrade. The rear deck was converted as a flight deck for the DASH (an early drone which proved unreliable in service), with the aft turret removed, new 12.75-inch triple torpedo tubes placed amidships, but ASROC not installed. Some retained all three 5-inch/38 twin mounts and received two new 21-inch torpedo tube s(Mark 37 ASW homing torpedo) as well as variable depth sonar (VDS). Initially this was for just five more years of service. A total of 95 Gearings and 33 Allen M. Sumners received FRAM upgrades from 1960 to 1965, seeing servive in Vietnam but the ASROC-less Allen M. Sumners were decommissioned sooner in 1970–1973 or transferred as is to foreign navies (see later). The Gearings survived a bit longer, but were replaced gradually by the new Knox-class frigates as the new Spruance-class destroyers, far more capable. Note: A dedicated article will be made on Sumner FRAM detailing their cold war career in the future.

Under other flags (1970-90s)

Albeit considered obsolete even after their "austere" modernization, the 33 Sumners still around were placed on the international market, 29 sold with some help from the MDAP program that was still running at the time, to allies and friendly nations. These were per fleet the following: 12 to the Republic of China Navy, 2 to the Republic of Korea Navy, 2 to Iran, 1 to Turkey and another to Greece. Close to home, 2 to Venezuela, 2 to Colombia, 2 to Chile, 5 to Brazil, 4 to Argentina. They served well into the late 1980s for many.

Argentina

Segui, Hipólito Bouchard, Piedra Buena, +USS Mansfield DD-728 for spare parts.

Greece

To Greece: USS Ingraham (DD-694), as Mialouis ()

ROCN

Huei Yang, Yuen Yang, Dae Gu, Po Yang, Hsiang Yang, Lo Yang, Heng Yang, Nan Yang in 1969-74 +USS Lyman K. Swenson DD-729, USS John A. Bole DD-755, USS Lofberg DD-759 for spare parts.

ROKN

USS De Haven (DD-727) to Republic of Korea Navy in 1973 as Incheon,

Chile

Ministro Zenteno

Columbia

Santander (DD-03), Caldas (DD-02)

Brazil

Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Norte, Alagoas, Espirito Santo.

Turkey

USS Hugh Purvis DD-709 July 1972 as Zafer (F 253).

Venezuela

USS Beatty DD-756, sold to Venezuela 14 July 1972 as Carabobo

Read More

Two view of Sumner in 1945

Books

Friedman, Norman (2004). US Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History Conway's all the world's fighting ships 1922-47

Links

on navypedia.org on en.wikipedia.org on dd-692.com/ camo on ibiblio.org/ on history.navy.mil/ nice colourized photo by Alex Colors Studio web.archive.org/ destroyersonline.com/usndd/sumnrasbuilt.htm navsource.org/ FRAM CC photos microworks.net/

Model Kits

General query on scalemates The subject has been well covered on 1:700 but let's cite Blue Ridge Models 1:350. Mostly old kits however. And only the WW2 appearance, not FRAM II.

Sumner class destroyers in service.

All were commissioned well before V-Day, in January-April 1945 for the last ones. So more articles will be added over the next months but not the whole class since the whole article is alreay massive to load. There will be a selection past the first ten ships of the class. Note also only their WW2 is seen here. Their coldwar career will be seen in a future Sumner FRAM article and their career under other flags (29 out of 33) in respective nation's pages. USS Allen M. Sumner, Moale, Ingraham, Cooper, English, Charles S. Sperry, Ault, Waldron, Haynsworth, John W. Weeks, Hank, Wallace L. Lind, Borie, Compton, Gainard, Soley, Harlan R. Dickson, Hugh Purvis, Barton, Walke, Laffey, O'Brien, Meredith, De Haven, Mansfield, Lyman K. Swenson, Collett, Maddox, Hyman, Mannert L. Abele, Purdy, Robert H. Smith, Thomas E. Fraser, Shannon, Harry F. Bauer, Adams, Tolman, Drexler, Blue, Brush, Taussig, Samuel N. Moore, Harry E. Hubbard, Henry A. Wiley, Shea, J. William Ditter, Alfred A. Cunningham, John R. Pierce, Frank E. Evans, John A. Bole, Beatty, Putnam, Strong, Lofberg, John W. Thomason, Buck, Henley, Lowry, Lindsey, Gwin, Aaron Ward, Hugh W. Hadley, Willard Keith, James C. Owens, Zellars, Massey, Douglas H. Fox, Stormes, Robert K. Huntington, Bristol

US Navy ww2 USS Allen M. Sumner (DD 692)

Sumner in her shakedodwn cruise 26 March 1944, just commissioned. USS Allen M. Sumner was laid down on 7 July 1943 at Kearny, New Jersey (Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company) as lead ship of the class, launched on 15 December 1943 and sponsored by Mrs. Allen M. Sumner, Captain Sumner's widow. She was commissioned at New York Navy Yard where outfitting took place, on 26 January 1944. Captain Allen Melancthon Sumner, a United States Marine Corps captain, was killed in action during World War I. He was one of the many WWI USMC killed in action on the western front, and in that case, trained at Verdun and took Command of 81st Company, took part in the action at Belleau Wood and became battalion commander of the right front. On July 19 he was killed at Vierzy, near Soissons, before the attack on Tigny by a HE shell. He received the French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star and 3 Silver Star Citations, buried in the American Cemetery at Belleau. She departed New York Navy Yard from 3 March for shakedown off Bermuda, Carribean, and back to New York for post-fixes on 8 April until 3 May. Then she left for Norfolk, and started advanced training and notably started to train nucleus crews for future Sumner class DDs. She was back in New York and had a five-week availability, then she departed on 12 August this time for the Pacific, conducting AAW/ASW training via Panama on 29 August, San Diego and proceeded to Hawaii, Pearl Harbor on 14 September, starting fleet training in the Hawaiian area. Allen M. Sumner in the Atlantic, 26 March 1944 Sumner off NyC in May 1944 She departed on 23 October escorting USS North Carolina for the western Pacific via Eniwetok, Ulithi lagoon on 5 November, then underway on the 19th to join TG 38.4 at sea, part of TF 38, the fast carrier fleet. She proceeded to Yap Island for strikes on 22 November and back to Ulithi. Next she took part in the Philippines Campaign. San Pedro Bay on 29 November, Leyte Gulf and Ormoc Bay with sisters USS Moale and Cooper.

The Battle of Ormoc Bay

IJN Kuwa and Take were part of the Matsu-class escort destroyers. Much smaller than the Sumners (1,282 t) they still had twin and single 127 mm (5 in) DP guns and five 610 mm (24 in) torpedo tubes. After 23:00 they were targeted by Mitsubishi Ki-46 "Dinah", one near-missing Allen M. Sumner 30 yards (27 m) at her starboard bow, but the bomb blast pierced her hull with fragments (12 wounded) but the fire was contained. After midnight, radar contact on Japanese destroyers (IJN Kuwa and Take) left to her first of very rare surface engagements as they rushed forward, and after 10 minutes IJN Kuwa sunk. Take scored hits as she was engaged by USS Moale, a Type 96 "long lance" torpedo hitting USS Cooper amidships breaking her in two with half her crew. Most were later rescued by PBY Catalinas since the destroyers were caught by heavy shore battery fire, with the threat of more planes around. On the 3rd, they left Ormoc Bay for San Pedro Bay.

Action on Mindoro

Allen M. Sumner then spent next nine days in San Pedro Bay in repairs and fended off one air raid, with one down at long range (9,000 yards/8,200 m) during final approach on 6 December. On the 12th she joined back TG 78.3 sailing to Mindoro under Rear Admiral Arthur D. Struble, repelling another air attack underway. On the 15th she took part in the preinvasion shore bombardment, and the subsequent landings went forward against negligible opposition. With USS Moale and Ingraham she splashing an enemy light bomber part of several attacks. She was back to Leyte on the 18th and on 26 to 29 December, escorted a resupply echelon to Mindoro and back.

Invasion of Luzon

On 2 January 1945 she left San Pedro Bay to take part of the invasion of Luzon in Lingayen Gulf, screen cruisers and battleships of Vice Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf's TG 77.2 committed to the pre-invasion bombardments. On 6 January she sailed into Lingayen Gulf to cover minesweepers but at noon, they were hit by kamikazes. The first plane was repelled by the massive AA barrage the second was a decoy for a third run on Allen M. Sumner. Blasted in flight, it crashed on her port bow close to her aft stack/torpedo mount. The impact killed 14, wounded 19. She had to retire back to the cover of TG 77.2 but still remained in action all along the Lingayen operation, until 14 January.

Repairs, Tokyo Bay and end of the war

She had to return to the United States for repairs as the logistic fleet's floating docks at San Pedro were already full. She transited via Manus, Admiralties, on 18 January for fixes for nine days, departing again on 27 January escorting the escort carrier USS Kadashan Bay via Majuro, Pearl Harbor on 6 February and Hunters Point in California on 13 February, under repairs were complete on 10 April 1945. She resumed training future sumner class crews along the west coast until 17 July, relieved and sailed from San Francisco back to the western Pacific via Oahu for three weeks of training. On 12 August she was prepared to sail back to the action and learned abour the capitulation two days into her trip. She went on to Eniwetok, and joined TG 38.3 in Japanese waters. She stayed for three weeks of postwar patrols with TG 38.3 and TG 38.1, entered Tokyo Bay on 16 September, stayed six days and departed for the Marianas, Saipan and back to the United State's west coast in October 1945, resuming training for more destroyer crews, this time of Gearing class destroyers in completion. The war was over for her, and this earned 2 battle stars. She will win three more in Korea and Vietnam later.

A quick look at Allen M. Sumner long postwar career

USS Allen M Sumner in 1959 By May 1946 she returned to the Central Pacific for Operation Crossroads, at Bikini Atoll and Marshall Islands. After a run back to the USA she made a cruise in the Far East which (Australia, Marianas, Philippines, China, Japan). In 1949 she was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, HP Norfolk, with a TOD in Mediterranean, 6th Fleet until March 1951, and returned to the Pacific to take part in the Korean War via the Mediterranean, Suez Canal, Indian Ocean to Yokosuka and TF 77 in the Sea of Japan, then TF 95. Later she alternated east coast and West Indies/European waters tours. She was present for the Suez crisis, was present in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean and started her major overhaul/modernization in 1961, FRAM, until 2 January 1962 and back to east coast operations and Mediterranean, 6th Fleet duties. She took part in Kennedy's "quarantine" of Cuba by October 1962. She trained with the Fleet Sonar School in 1963-1964. She watched over developments in he Dominican Republic, making also several Mediterranean TODs and watched over the Gemini 10 space mission return. By February 1967 she started her first Vietnam combat mission, screeing USS Long Beach in the gulf of Tonkin among others, Operation Seadragon, screened USS Hancock and the Australian guided missile destroyer HMAS Hobart, Operation Beau Charger, Yankee Station and "Seadragon". She visited Kaohsiung and Hong Kong and made two more tours in Vietnam. Post-Vietnam years were back on the east coast and NATO exercises, and final Mediterranean deployment on 27 August 1970. A Naval Reserve training ship until 15 August 1973 she was decommissioned at Philadelphia, sold for BU 16 October 1974.

US Navy ww2 USS Moale (DD 693)

USS Moale was also from Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Kearny, New Jersey, she was launched on 16 January 1944, commissioned in the Brooklyn Navy Yard 28 February 1944, made a Bermuda shakedown, but stayed on the east coast for precommissioning new destroyer crews. On 21 August she met USS Missouri, USS Alaska, and joined DesDiv 120 en route for British West Indies, Panama Canal Zone, and via San Pedro, arrived at Pearl Harbor on 15 September for carrier screening and other specialized training until 23 October. She headed for the Western Carolines with DesRon 60, Ulithi 5 November, and the 3rd Fleet's fast carriers (TF 38) for the Campaign of the Philippines, Leyte, Luzon and Mindoro. On the 27th she joined the 7th Fleet, TG 77.2 in San Pedro Bay and took part with USS Sumner in the Battle of Ormoc Bay (see above) on 2 December. On 15 December, she covered troops and provided AA protection in Mangarin Bay, trying to repel ten kamikazes falling on LSTs, claiming at least one, others shared. Two ships were hit and she assisted the badly damaged LST-738, which later sunk. Herself had one KiA and 13 wounded but she picked up 88 survivors. USS Moale then was ordered to Leyte Gulf on 17 December, completing a high speed cargo run to Ulithi and back. By 3 January 1945, she joined Vice Admiral Jesse Oldendorf's TG 77.2 off Luzon and screened them on the 6th during the San Fernando, Lingayen Gulf bombardments. On the 9th she joined the gunfire, alternating with ASW/AA cover patrols until 22 January. Back to Leyte she joined the 5th Fleet (TF 58) again to Ulithi. On 10 February the sailed for strikes of the 16–17 February as preparations for Iwo Jima. In her unit, DesRon 60, USS Barton and Ingraham were damaged by collision on 16 February. They were escorted by USS Moale to Saipan and en route she assisted sinking a Japanese armed merchantman and coastal vessel. On 19 February she was back with TG 58.4 and to screening carriers on the 21th off Iwo Jima. Caught by a typhoon and 40-foot (12 m) waves crashing on her, she had her deck damaged as well as her No. 1 mount so she left the Volcano Islands on the 25th for Pearl Harbor and back on 3 June at Ulithi, then Hagushi Anchorage in Okinawa on 7 June and CTG 31.5 for AA defence duties. On 27 June she took the dangerous radar picket station, but for one day. At Leyte she joined TG 32.12, 3th Fleet to Okinawa, covering minesweepers in Operation Juneau. She had reslenishment and rest in San Pedro Bay, when hearing of the surrender on 15 August. Five days later she joined TG 38.4 off Japan, patrolling, used as weather ship and air route radio beacon. On 27 September she left Japan via Guam to California, and her new peactime carrer. She would be decommissioned on 2 July 1973.

US Navy ww2 USS Ingraham (DD 694)

Also built at Keany, NJ, launched on 16 January 1944 and Commissioned on 10 March 1944, Ingraham after fitting out made her shakedown in Bermuda, with training off Norfolk and proceeded vya Panama to the Pacific, reporting at Pearl Harbour, training, then sent to Eniwetok on 31 October 1944 and later join TF 38 as a screen. By mid-November 1944, she took part in the strikes on Luzon, alternated between patrols, AA cover, ASW sweeps, until 12 December 1944. She took part in the landings on Mindoro. On 15 December with USS Barton, she sank a Japanese cargo ship southwest of Mindoro. She left San Pedro Bay on 2 January 1945 for the Lingayen Gulf operations, on 6 January 1945, between AA cover and gunfire support. Later in January 1945, she screen the carriers of TF 58 raiding the Japanese homeland. After upkeep at Saipan on 20 February she took part in the invasion of Iwo Jima on the 23th, with USMC call fire. On 21 March she was in radar picket duty for the raid on Okinawa-Gunto. On 4 May 1945 during a massive air attack she claimed four, with a fifth crashing above the waterline on her port side, the bomb exploding in the generator room. She only had one gun left, 51 casualties including 15 dead so she retired to Hunter's Point in California under escort to be repaired, when V-Day arrived. But she was just the start of a very long career: Decomm. on 15 June 1971 she was Sold to Greece as Miaoulis, and served until 2001 (sunk as target). She won 4 battle stars for WW2 and one for the Korean war.

US Navy ww2 USS Cooper (DD 695)

USS Cooper was launched on 9 February 1944 at Federal, Kearny, commissioned 27 March 1944, under command of J. W. Schmidt. After fitting out at Boston, short shakedown and training she left on 23 July 1944 for Panama, the west coast, Pearl Harbor (4 September) and after operational training, Ulithi on 5 November. Like her sister she became a screen for TF 38 raiding Luzon, Ormoc Bay, and Manila Bay until 19 November. In San Pedro Bay (Philippines) by 29 November she joined the patrolling screen in Leyte Gulf until 2 December, and with USS Allen M. Sumner and Moale was detached to hunt down Japanese shipping in Ormoc Bay leading to a battle. At 00:13 on 3 December she received one Type 96 "Long Lance" torpedo from the Matsu-class IJN Take. It is reported the impact could have been survived, but it caused apparently an explosion on her starboard side suggesting it blasted on an ammunition store. The result was she broke in two and sank in just a minute. Survivors were left to fend for themselves as the other destroyers could not stop, being under intensive fshore fire, MTB and air attacks. Ar 14:00, "Black Cat" Catalinas were able to save 168 of her crew. She was awarded one battle star for her service.

US Navy ww2 USS English (DD 696)

USS English was launched on 27 February 1944 at Federal, Kearny, commissioned on 4 May 1944 and had the same routine preparation as the others. Long story short she headed for Pearl Harbor by 3 September 1944, and in addition for her operation training, qualified aviators in carrier operations. On 17 December she sailed for Ulithi, and on the 28th, TF 38, for striked two days later on Formosa, Luzon, Okinawa, French Indochina in preparation for the invasion of Lingayen Gulf. On 12 January 1945 she made a "blue on blue" attack on USS Rock (SS-274) in the South China Sea by gunfire at 9,200 yards (8,400 m) but she crash-dived to 300 feet (91 m) and survived. After rest and resplenishment at Ulithi until 8 February, she was ordered to Saipan to escort USS Indianapolis to join TF 58 for airstrikes around Iwo Jima, Tokyo area, and also for the upcoming Okinawa operation. She took fuel and stores at Ulithi on 4-14 March and returned with TF 58 for strikes on Kyushu before taking part in the Okinawa operation. She also assisted the badly damaged USS Franklin on 19 March, screening her to safety and rejoined strikes on Okinawa and around before assault. On 1 April, she brought Naval gunfire support and returned to screening and patrols. She was detached to shell Minami Daito Shima on 10 May. On the 11th she assisted the badly damaged USS Bunker Hill and evacuated Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher and staff to another carrier. She had a RAS at San Pedro Bay until 1 July and returned with TF 58 for final airstrikes on the homeland, Honshū on 18 July, hunting for enemy shipping in Sagami Wan and bombading Nojima Saki. She went on patrolling untl 15 August. She was in Tokyo Bay by 10-19 September and escorted occupation troopships from the Marianas, then left Sasebo for Boston via the Indian Ocean, Med, Atlantic, (26 April 1946). She earned 4 battle stars. She would also fight in Korea, took part in the Suez Crisis, Cuban Missile Crisis and was decommissioned in 1970, passed on to the ROCN until decom. in 1999.

US Navy ww2 USS Charles S. Sperry (DD-697)

USS Charles S. Sperry (named after the commanding officer of Yorktown) was launched on 13 March 1944 at Federal, Kearny, commissioned 17 May 1944 and had the same routine start as her sisters, plus intensive advanced training in the Hawaiian Islands, before reaching Ulithi on 28 December 1944, joining TF 38 and screening them from 30 December, in their airstrikes on Formosa, Luzon (assault on Lingayen Gulf) then Indochina, Okinawa. She was back in Ulithi on 26 January 1945. She sailed with TF 58 on 10 February for the invasion of Iwo Jima. She escorted them for the raid on Tokyo. On 16-17 February she provided AA cover during fierce counterattacks. She provided gunfire on demand to the Marines at Iwo Jima later and repelled air attacks on 19 February and 20–21 February. Combinging skilled manoeuvers and protective smoke screen plus firce and accurate fire she prevented damage. After another raid she was back at Ulithi on 5 March. Now again under TF 38, she left on 14 March for Okinawa until 1 June. She covered an air strike against Kyushu and repelled attacks on 19- 20 March, covering the damaged USS Franklin and was back for strikes on Okinawa. USS Charles S. Perry assisting USS Bunker Hill on 11 May 1945 She was called for gunfire on an airstrip on Minami Daito Shima on 27 March. She provided plane guard duties on 1 April 1945, and on 7 April, heard abot the sinking of Yamato and escort. She claimed several kamikaze during attacked on 11, 14, 16, 29 April, 11 May and assisted the damaged USS Hancock and Bunker Hill. She was in San Pedro Bay for RAS 1 June-1 July and met TF 38 for the final strikes on the home islands, and after 15 August, covered occupation landings, POWs evacuations and by 31 August went in Tokyo Bay to assist in the surrender ceremonies in Tokyo Bay on 2 September. She won four battle stars for WW2, four for the Korean War. She also cruised in the Mediterranean with the 6th Fleet until converted to FRAM in 1958-59, and by 8 January 1974, was transferred to Chile as Ministro Zenteno (D-16), scrapped in 1990.

US Navy ww2 USS Ault (DD 698)

Built by Federal, Kearny, USS Ault was commissioned 31 May 1944 (Capt. Joseph C. Wylie in command) and departed New York on 10 July 1944 for shakedown and back for post-shakedown availability. On her way to the Pacific she escorted USS Wilkes-Barre, to Trinidad, transited via the Panama Canal to San Diego, Pearl Harbor on 29 September and after three months of training sailed to Ulithi on 18 December. She joined VADM John S. McCain's Fast Carrier Task Force after a stop at Eniwetok. She was assigned to DesRon 62, and RADM Gerald F. Bogan's TG 38.2. Her part of the Philippines campaign included strikes on Luzon and Formosa which which took part in January 1945. She then sailed to the Bashi channel with USS Waldron, Charles S. Sperry, and John W. Weeks screening TF 38 into the South China Sea, but marred by heavy weather. She covered strikes on Cam Ranh Bay area, Hong Kong, Hainan, Swatow, and the Formosa Strait and Okinawa from 20 January, then back to Ulithi on the 25th. With the renamed TG 58.3 she covered new strikes on the Japanese mainland (16-17) and operations against Iwo Jima on 19 February, the raid on Tokyo (25)d Okinawa (1 March). After another RAS at Ulithi she was back on 14 March to secure the surrounding for the Okinawa campaign. On 20 March she shot down two planes. On the 27th she covered DesRon 62 and four cruisers sheling Minami Daito Shima. On 6, 7, 11 April she tried to repel Kamikaze attacks with one missing Essex to near-crash on USS Ault. She also bombarded Minami Daito Shima on 10 May. She screened USS Bunker Hill on 11 May, shooting down one kamikaze and later rescued 29 men. She fended off more attacked on the 13-14 splashing three more. On 1 June she had a RAS in San Pedro Bay, and later screen TF 58 raiding the Japanese home islands. On 18-19 July she screened CruDiv18 in Sagami Wan and Nojima Saki. She covered the carriers until 15 August. She entered Tokyo Bay on 2 September, anchored near USS Missouri. After Sasebo, she departed Japan for home on new year's day, San Francisco on 20 January 1946, then Boston and early east coast service, the overhaul in Boston on 26 April 1946. Her cold war career included the Korean war, Mediterranean, and Vietnam, and was decommissioned on 16 July 1973 after 29 years service, earning 5 ww2 battle stars, 2 more for Vietnam.

US Navy ww2 USS Waldron (DD 699)

USS Waldron was commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 7 June 1944 and after shakedown off Bermuda in the early summer of 1944, post-shakedown availability at New York, she returned to Bermuda area for more training, then New York again by mid-September and on the 26th she went for the Panama Canal on 1 October, Balboa on 4 October, San Pedro, and Pearl Harbor, on 20 October for furthrt training until 17 December, and Ulithi lagoon on 28 December reporting to TF-38. She departed on 30 December for first striked on 3-4 and 6–7 January on Luzon. She took part in the Lingayen Gulf campaign before a raid on Formosa, South China Sea, Cam Ranh Bay until 12 January. The refuelled to a carrier the following day and screened attacks on Hainan Island, Hong Kong, Formosa again. They were back at Ulithi on the 26th after a final raid on Okinawa. This time with TF 58, she took part in the operation on Iwo Jima and strikes on Japan proper, Tokyo area, Honshū. On the night of 17-18 February, Waldron encountered several small Japanese patrol craft and after spotting one, charged and rammed her at 0509 on 18 February. She moved to Saipan for bow repairs on 20 February and was back on the 25th off Iwo Jima, reporting to TF 51, as transport screen and providing gunfire support then two days later, TG 58.3 for an air strike on Okinawa and back to Ulithi on 4 March. Ten days later she was in Japanese home waters for strikes on Kyushu airfields, repelling kamikazes and covering the damaged Franklin. On the 20-21 March night she picked by radar a Yokosuka D4Y "Judy" and shoot it down. On 22 March she resumed cover for Okinawa and Kyushu raids as for the next three months, detached for two shore bombardments on Minami Daito Shima. On 14 May she claimed four sure assists. On 1 June she was San Pedro Bay for RAS, until 1 July and back to TF 38 until 15 August. She took part in the occupation of Japan until 10 September, entered Tokyo Bay and later went back home. After Mediterranean, Korea and Vietnam wars, she was decommissioned on 30 October 1973 in Mayport, sold to the Colombian Navy as ARC Santander, scrapped in 1986. She earned four battle stars during World War II, one for Vietnam.

US Navy ww2 USS Haynsworth (DD 700)

USS Haynsworth was commissioned on 22 June 1944. and after shakedown in the Caribbean, departed New York on 20 September escorting SS Queen Mary with PM Winston Churchill on board and back from Britain to New York then sailed on 26 September via Panama, San Pedro, to Pearl Harbor on 20 October for more training, and 16 December for Ulithi and the Fast Carrier TF 38, screening them for three months, which included raids in the final phase of the Philippines, south China sea, Formosa, Luzon, Indochina and then back on Okinawa, wit RAS at Ulithi on 26 January. Then with TF 58 for strikes in the Tokyo area. On 16 February while close to Tokyo Bay in heavy weather and low ceiling, three Japanese picket boats were spotted by Haynsworth and sunk, taking 12 prisoners. After another RAS at Ulithi she followed the fleet for more strikes against Japan, Kyushu, the Inland Sea (18-19 March) shelling Minami Daito Shima and the campaign of Okinawa; providing shore gunfore cover support, while repelling Kamikaze attacks notably on 6 April whe she was badly hit. She was obliged to retire to Mare Island after Ulithi for full repairs. Next she became a training ship at Treasure Island, California from 17 July to 5 September. She returned to Pearl Harbor but was back to the east coast on 14 January 1946, Boston (26 April), deactivated, mothballed in the Reserve Fleet, then reactivated by March 1947, and sent to Algiers, Louisiana, for reserve training cruises in the Gulf and Caribbean until the summer of 1949. For WW2 service she won the Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal with three battle stars. Her postwar service saw her in Korea, Mediterranean, but she was decommissioned and stricken on 30 January 1970, sold to the Republic of China, served as ROCS Yue Yang (DD-5). untile sunk as artificial reef on 2001. .... (More to come) ....

US Navy ww2 USS Mannert L. Abele (DD 733)

USS Mannert L. Abele built at Bath Iron Works in Maine, 9 December 1943, commissioned at Boston for fitting out by 4 July 1944. After shakedown off Bermuda she trained destroyer crews in Chesapeake Bay, sailed to Norfolk on 16 October, crossed Panama to San Diego, and Pearl Harbor on 17 November followed by two weeks of hard training. She escorted a convoy on 3 December and was back to Pearl to be converted on orders to a fighter director ship. She had a special radio and radar for enhancing her role as radar picket and trained until departing on 27 January 1945 for the invasion of Iwo Jima. Sge was assigned to the transport screen of VADM Richmond K. Turner's TF 51 via Eniwetok and Saipan to the landing area on 19 February. The 20th she was par tof the fire support group for 28 hours with night illumination for the 5th Marine Division and returned to radar picket duty on 21 February. On 3–4 March, 8–10 March, she returned to fire support and sailed out for a RAS on 10 March at Ulithi, then out of 20 March as radar picket off Ulithi. Next she joined TF 54 (RADM Morton Deyo) for the invasion of Okinawa. From the Ryukyus on 24 March, she sailed to Kerama Retto and Ie Shima and supported UDT operations (commando divers) to the beaches. On 1st april she provided close fire support and back to radar picket patrols northeast of the island. On 3 April, she spotted and tried to repel three Japanese planes, downed two, damaged the third. On 5 April she patroled off the beaches, answered support calls. On 6 April she co-claimed a twin‑engined bomber. Sge returned to TF 54, protecting transports off Okinawa from Surface Special Attack Force (Suicide Shin'yō Boats) and heard about the sortie of the battleship Yamato and its battle group beig hammered and sunk. Back to radar picket duty on 8 April she patrolled 70 nmi northwest of Okinawa with LSM(R)-189 and LSM(R)-190. On 12 April she spotted kamikaze and was soon targeted by three Aichi D3A "Vals" at 13:45, drove two back, downed a thord aiming at LSM(R)-189. At 14:00 15-25 arrived from the North and started to attack from all sides. One light bomber was hit and repelled but stayed around for one hour and a half; 14:40, saw three A6M Zero loaded with bombs. She drove off one, shot down another and nearly destroyed a third, which still managed to crash into the starboard side. The bomb penetrated the engine room before exploding. LSM(R)-189's captain would later report it was difficult to evaluate what hit her exactly. But USS Mannert L. Abele had her keel broke midships close to No. 2 funnel, lost control and power. At 14:46 she took a direct bomb hit from a Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka on her starboard waterline close to the forward fireroom. Its 2,600 lb (1,200 kg) warhead achieve the work, she broke in two, bow and stern sections sinking rapidly. Fortunately survivors could be rescued by nearby LSM(R)-189 and LSM(R)-190 which shot down two remaining attackers and managed to repell further attacks. In all, Abele sunk with 84. She became the first of three radar pickets hit by Ohka "human missiles" and osole sunk that way at Okinawa. Her wreck was located in 2022, 75 miles (121 km) off the northern coast.

US Navy ww2 USS Drexler (DD 741)

USS Drexler was bult at Bath in Maine, commissioned on 14 November 1944. After trials and Bermuda quick shakedown, she sailed from Norfolk on 23 January 1945 to escort USS Bon Homme Richard to Trinidad and proceeded to San Diego on 10 February, then Pearl Harbor for exercises over two weeks, the escorted ships to Guadalcanal and Ulithi and was prepared for the Okinawa invasion. Departing Ulithi on 27 March 1945 for Okinawa she was assigned as radar picket station. On 28 May, 07:00, she was targeted by two kamikazes as USS Lowry. The first was downed and the narrowly missed Lowry but hit Drexler. She lost all power, had a gasoline fire but kept firing and shot down two more attacking after the crash. At 07:03 she was hit again by a heavier Yokosuka P1Y1 Ginga "Frances". The impact was such she rolled all over her beam ends, and rapidly sank (witnesses said around 50 seconds) taking with her 168 men, with 52 wounded included the captain.

US Navy ww2 USS Meredith (DD-726)

Meredith was built at Bath Iron Works Corporation, Bath, Maine, commissioned on 14 March 1944. After trials, initial trials and shakedown off Bermuda, she departed Boston on 8 May 1944 as an convoy escort to Plymouth, England, 27 March. She was of the reare destroyers actually fightinh in the Atlantic. On 5-6 June, escorted transports for the Normandy invasion. On D-Day, she was detached for gunfire support on Utah Beach. When done, she left to patrol offshore waters when stricking a mine. She survived the blast though severely damage, having 7 killed and 50+ wounded or missing, all power went down so she had to be towed to an anchorage in the Baie de Seine, however on 9 June, in one of the rare Luftwaffe attacks she had near-misses which further aggravated flooding and weakened her hull so much she eventually broke in two suddenly, and sunk with only 163 rescued by USS Bates. The hull was retrieved in early 1960 hulk, raised and scrapped in September. .... (More to come) ....

US Navy ww2 USS Douglas H. Fox (DD 779)

[caption id="attachment_47441" align="aligncenter" width="640"] USS Douglas H. Fox (DD-779) underway with almost no way on, slightly backing down, off the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington, on 15 March 1945. Note crew members at sea & anchor detail. The ship is painted in Camouflage Measure 22. She has haze grey bloomers on Mount 51, while Mount 52 has black bloomers. Official U.S. Navy Photograph, from the collections of the Naval Historical Center.[/caption] Douglas H. Fox was built at Todd-Pacific Shipyards, in Seattle, commissioned 26 December 1944. After shakedown, she sailed to the Hawaiian Islands and trained there from 31 March 1945 to 21 April 1945 and was given the dangerous task of radar picket line at Okinawa, from 5 May 1945. She was attacked and downed 7 planes out of 11 enemy planes, including 5 alone when one kamikaze with bomb hit, and she was sprayed with gasoline. She had 7 killed, 35 wounded, but fires were mastered, damage control was efficient so she could evacuate to Kerama Retto for temporary repairs and then San Francisco for permanent repairs on 23 June. She was still there on 15 August at V-Day. So postwar she was assigned to the east coast from 30 September 1945, New York City in October for Navy Day celebrations, then HP Norfolk on 2 November 1945, plane guard duty in the Caribbean and escorted the brand new USS Franklin D. Roosevelt for her shakedown from 14 January 1945 and visited Rio de Janeiro in February 1946. After remaining in the Carribean until 14 December 1946 she sailed for New London. For her WW2 service she won one battle star, and another for her Korean service. She served in the Atlantic-Mediterranean, was converted FRAM II, and was eventually decom. and sold to Chile on 15 December 1973.

US Navy ww2 USS Stormes (DD 780)

USS Stormes was built at Todd-Pacific, she was commissioned on 27 January 1945. After trials and shakedown from San Diego Bay she sailed on 1 April for Bremerton for post-shakedown overhau until 22 April then sailed to Hawaii. She trained from 30 April, escorted USS Louisville to Okinawa via Guam, arriving on Hagushi anchorage (Southwestern Okinawa) on 23 May, 5th Fleet. As part of the AA screen she left the anchorage and had to repel a first air raid the following evening in bad weather. This 25 May their radars picked up between rain squalls at 0905, several bogays. Planes went between two US Navy planes and targeted USS Ammen, ahead of Stormes. Shot down, it turned and crashed into Stormes's aft torpedo mount and its bomb exploded in the magazine under N°5-in mount. The damage was immense. By noon fires had been extinguished, holes were plugges but this incident left her with 22 kills, 15 injured. She crawled back to Kerama Retto and stayed there until 5 July, then went to Buckner Bay's floating drydock, repaired until 13 August then she sailed back home, on only her port shaft. She made the trip via Saipan, Eniwetok, and Pearl Harbor and to San Francisco's Hunters Point, on 17 September. The war was over. For her short service she earned only one battle star for World War II, but will earn three in Korea, one in Vietnam. Ultimately she was transferred to Iran as Palang in 1972, and is decommissioned since 1994 (not BU yet).

US Navy ww2 USS Robert K. Huntington (DD 781)

USS Robert K. Huntington (DD-781) was laid down on 29 February 1944 at Todd Pacific, she was launched on 5 December 1944, commissioned on 3 March 1945. After trials, shakedown and quick training she joined the Pacific Fleet on 31 May 1945 Via Pearl Habrour. From 27 June to 16 August 1945, she escorted ships between Eniwetok and Ulithi, not being part in great operations. On 28 August, she joined at last TF 58 off the Japanese coast, as an escort of USS Missouri, escorting her into Tokyo Bay for the surrender ceremonies. Once done, she returned to San Diego with 100 Marines aboard, and the war was over for her. Her career will include Korea, the Atlantic fleet and Vietnam (2 battle stars). She was eventually decommissioned on 31 October 1973, transferred to Columbia as Falcon, stricken in 1981.

US Navy ww2 USS Bristol (DD 857)

[caption id="attachment_47437" align="aligncenter" width="639"] USS Bristol (DD-857) underway at sea, 29 August 1959. Photographer: PH2 A.D. Carter. Official U.S. Navy Photograph, from the collections of the Naval History and Heritage Command.[/caption] USS Bristol, 2nd after the one sunk in WW2 of the Gleaves class, was launched on 29 October 1944 at Bethlehem Shipbuilding in San Pedro (California), commissioned on 17 March 1945. She departed San Diego on 13 June 1945 for Pearl Harbor after a shakedown training, restricted availability, arriving on 19 June 1945, then she proceeded to Guam on 29 July and TG 30.8, the logistic support group attached to TF 38. On 5 August 1945 she collided with the transport Ashtabula and her bow was damaged to the point of returning to Guam for repairs, completed on 1 September. So she never really saw combat. Shee departed for Japan occupation duty until 21 February 1946, after which she headed back to San Pedro on 15 March. USS Bristol received one battle star for WW2, two for Korea. In 1969 she was decommissioned and transferred to the Republic of China Navy as ROCS Hua Yang (DD-3), until 1993.

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☸ To read for a better understanding of this website

❢ Abbreviations & acronyms
    AAAnti-Aircraft
    AAW// warfare
    AASAmphibious Assault Ship
    AdmAdmiral
    AEWAirbone early warning
    AGAir Group
    AFVArmored Fighting Vehicle
    AMGBarmoured motor gunboat
    APArmor Piercing
    APCArmored Personal Carrier
    ASAntisubmarine
    ASMAir-to-surface Missile
    ASMDAnti Ship Missile Defence
    ASROCASW Rockets
    ASWAnti Submarine Warfare
    ASWRLASW Rocket Launcher
    ATWahead thrown weapon
    avgasAviation Gasoline
    awAbove Waterline
    AWACSAirborne warning & control system
    BBBattleship
    bhpbrake horsepower
    BLBreach-loader (gun)
    BLRBreach-loading, Rifled (gun)
    BUBroken Up
    ccirca
    CAArmoured/Heavy cruiser
    Capt.Captain
    CalCaliber or ".php"
    CGMissile Cruiser
    CICCombat Information Center
    C-in-CCommander in Chief
    CIWSClose-in weapon system
    CECompound Expansion (engine)
    ChChantiers ("Yard", FR)
    CLCruiser, Light
    cmcentimeter(s)
    CMBCoastal Motor Boat
    CMSCoastal Minesweeper
    CNOChief of Naval Operations
    CpCompound (armor)
    CoCompany
    COBCompound Overhad Beam
    CODAGCombined Diesel & Gas
    CODOGCombined Diesel/Gas
    COGAGCombined Gas and Gas
    COGOGCombined Gas/Gas
    commcommissioned
    compcompleted
    convconverted
    convlconventional
    COSAGCombined Steam & Gas
    CRCompound Reciprocating
    CRCRSame, connecting rod
    CruDivCruiser Division
    CPControlled Pitch
    CTConning Tower
    CTLconstructive total loss
    CTOLConv. Take off & landing
    CTpCompound Trunk
    cucubic
    CylCylinder(s)
    CVAircraft Carrier
    CVA// Attack
    CVE// Escort
    CVL// Light
    CVS// ASW support
    cwtHundredweight
    DADirect Action
    DASHDrone ASW Helicopter
    DCDepht Charge
    DCT// Track
    DCR// Rack
    DCT// Thrower
    DDDestroyer/drydock
    DEDouble Expansion
    DEDestroyer Escort
    DDE// Converted
    DesRonDestroyer Squadron
    DFDouble Flux
    D/FDirection(finding)
    DPDual Purpose
    DUKWAmphibious truck
    DyDDockyard
    EOCElswick Ordnance Co.
    ECMElectronic Warfare
    ESMElectronic support measure
    FFarenheit
    FCSFire Control System
    FFFrigate
    fpsFeet Per Second
    ftFeets
    FYFiscal Year
    galgallons
    GMMetacentric Height
    GPMGGeneral Purpose Machine-gun
    GRPFiberglass
    GRTGross Tonnage
    GUPPYGreater Underwater Prop.Pow.
    HAHigh Angle
    HCHorizontal Compound
    HCR// Reciprocating
    HCDA// Direct Acting
    HCDCR// connecting rod
    HDA// direct acting
    HDAC// acting compound
    HDAG// acting geared
    HDAR// acting reciprocating
    HDMLHarbor def. Motor Launch
    H/FHigh Frequency
    HF/DF// Directional Finding
    HMSHer Majesty Ship
    HNHarvey Nickel
    HNCHorizontal non-condensing hp
    HPHigh Pressure
    hphorizontal
    HQHeadquarter
    HRHorizontal reciprocating
    HRCR// connecting rod
    HSHarbor Service
    HS(E)Horizontal single (expansion)
    HSET// trunk
    HTHorizontal trunk
    HTE// expansion
    ICInverted Compound
    IDAInverted direct acting
    IFFIdentification Friend or Foe
    ihpindicated horsepower
    IMFInshore Minesweeper
    inInche(s)
    ircironclad
    KCKrupp, cemented
    kgKilogram
    KNC// non cemented
    kmKilometer
    kt(s)Knot(s)
    kwkilowatt
    ibpound(s)
    LALow Angle
    LCLanding Craft
    LCA// Assault
    LCAC// Air Cushion
    LFC// Flak (AA)
    LCG// Gunboat
    LCG(L)/// Large
    LCG(M)/// Medium
    LCG(S)/// Small
    LCI// Infantry
    LCM// Mechanized
    LCP// Personel
    LCP(R)/// Rocket
    LCS// Support
    LCT// Tanks
    LCV// Vehicles
    LCVP/// Personal
    LCU// Utility
    locolocomotive (boiler)
    LSCLanding ship, support
    LSD// Dock
    LSF// Fighter (direction)
    LSM// Medium
    LSS// Stern chute
    LST// Tank
    LSV// Vehicle
    LPlow pressure
    lwllenght waterline
    mmetre(s)
    MModel
    MA/SBmotor AS boat
    maxmaximum
    MGMachine Gun
    MGBMotor Gunboat
    MLSMinelayer/Sweeper
    MLMotor Launch
    MMSMotor Minesweper
    MTMilitary Transport
    MTBMotor Torpedo Boat
    HMGHeavy Machine Gun
    MCM(V)Mine countermeasure Vessel
    minminute(s)
    MkMark
    MLMuzzle loading
    MLR// rifled
    MSOOcean Minesweeper
    mmmillimetre
    NCnon condensing
    nhpnominal horsepower
    nmNautical miles
    Number
    NBC/ABCNuc. Bact. Nuclear
    NSNickel steel
    NTDSNav.Tactical Def.System
    NyDNaval Yard
    oaOverall
    OPVOffshore Patrol Vessel
    PCPatrol Craft
    PDMSPoint Defence Missile System
    pdrpounder
    ppperpendicular
    psipounds per square inch
    PVDSPropelled variable-depth sonar
    QFQuick Fire
    QFC// converted
    RAdmRear Admiral
    RCRadio-control/led
    RCRreturn connecting rod
    recRectangular
    revRevolver
    RFRapid Fire
    RPCRemote Control
    rpgRound per gun
    SAMSurface to air Missile
    SARSearch Air Rescue
    sbSmoothbore
    SBShip Builder
    SCSub-chaser (hunter)
    SSBNBallistic Missile sub.Nuclear
    SESimple Expansion
    SET// trunk
    SGSteeple-geared
    shpShaft horsepower
    SHsimple horizontal
    SOSUSSound Surv. System
    SPRsimple pressure horiz.
    sqsquare
    SSSubmarine (Conv.)
    SSMSurface-surface Missile
    subsubmerged
    sfsteam frigate
    SLBMSub.Launched Ballistic Missile
    spfsteam paddle frigate
    STOVLShort Take off/landing
    SUBROCSub.Fired ASW Rocket
    tton, long (short in bracket)
    TACANTactical Air Nav.
    TBTorpedo Boat
    TBD// destroyer
    TCTorpedo carriage
    TETriple expansion
    TER// reciprocating
    TFTask Force
    TGBTorpedo gunboat
    TGTask Group
    TLTorpedo launcher
    TLC// carriage
    TNTTrinitroluene
    TSTraining Ship
    TTTorpedo Tube
    UDTUnderwater Demolition Team
    UHFUltra High Frequency
    VadmVice Admiral
    VCVertical compound
    VCE// expansion
    VDE/ double expansion
    VDSVariable Depth Sonar
    VIC/ inverted compound
    VLFVery Low Frequency
    VQL/ quadruple expansion
    VSTOLVertical/short take off/landing
    VTE/ triple expansion
    VTOLVertical take off/landing
    VSE/ Simple Expansion
    wksWorks
    wlwaterline
    WTWireless Telegraphy
    xnumber of
    YdYard
    Organizations
    GIUKGreenland-Iceland-UK
    BuShipsBureau of Ships
    DBMGerman Navy League
    GBGreat Britain
    DNCDirectorate of Naval Construction
    EEZExclusive Economic Zone
    FAAFleet Air Arm
    FNFLFree French Navy
    JMSDFJap.Mar.Self-Def.Force
    MDAPMutual Def.Assistance Prog.
    MSAMaritime Safety Agency
    NATO
    RAFRoyal Air Force
    RANRoyal Australian Navy
    RCNRoyal Canadian Navy
    R&DResearch & Development
    RNRoyal Navy
    RNZNRoyal New Zealand Navy
    ussrUnion of Socialist Republics
    UE/EECEuropean Union/Comunity
    UNUnited Nations Org.
    USNUnited States Navy
    WaPacWarsaw Pact

⛶ Pre-Industrial Eras

☀ Introduction
☀ Neolithic to bronze age
⚚ Antique
⚜ Medieval
⚜ Renaissance
⚜ Enlightenment

⚔ Naval Battles

⚔ Pre-Industrial Battles ☍ See the page
  • Salamis
  • Cape Ecnomus
  • Actium
  • Red Cliffs
  • Battle of the Masts
  • Yamen
  • Lake Poyang
  • Lepanto
  • Vyborg Bay
  • Svensksund
  • Trafalgar
  • Sinope
⚔ Industrial Era Battles ☍ See the page
⚔ WW1 Naval Battles ☍ See the Page
⚔ WW2 Naval Battles ☍ See the Page

⚔ Crimean War

Austrian Navy ☍ See the page
French Navy ☍ See the page
    Screw Ships of the Line
  • Navarin class (1854)
  • Duquesne class (1853)
  • Fleurus class (1853)
  • Montebello (1852)
  • Austerlitz (1852)
  • Jean Bart (1852)
  • Charlemagne (1851)
  • Napoleon (1850)
  • Sailing Ships of the Line
  • Valmy (1847)
  • Ocean class (1805)
  • Hercules class (1836)
  • Iéna class (1814)
  • Jupiter (1831)
  • Duperré (1840)
  • Screw Frigates
  • Pomone (1845)
  • Isly (1849)
  • Bellone (1853)
  • D’Assas class (1854)
  • Screw Corvettes
  • Primauguet class (1852)
  • Roland (1850)
Royal Navy ☍ See the page
  • Duke of Wellington
  • Conqueror (1855)
  • Marlborough (1855)
  • Royal Albert (1854)
  • St Jean D’Acre (1853)
  • Waterloo (1833
  • Sailing ships of the Line
  • Sailing Frigates
  • Sailing Corvettes
  • Screw two deckers
  • Screw frigates
  • Screw Corvettes
  • Screw guard ships
  • Paddle frigates
  • Paddle corvettes
  • Screw sloops
  • Paddle sloops
  • Screw gunboats
  • Brigs

⚑ 1870 Fleets

Spanish Navy 1870 Armada Espanola ☍ See the Page
  • Numancia (1863)
  • Tetuan (1863)
  • Vitoria (1865)
  • Arapiles (1864)
  • Zaragosa (1867)
  • Sagunto (1869)
  • Mendez Nunez (1869)
  • Spanish wooden s. frigates (1861-65)
  • Frigate Tornado (1865)
  • Frigate Maria de Molina (1868)
  • Spanish sail gunboats (1861-65)
Austro-Hungarian Navy 1870 K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
Danish Navy 1870 Dansk Marine
  • Dannebrog (1863)
  • Peder Skram (1864)
  • Danmark (1864)
  • Rolf Krake (1864)
  • Lindormen (1868)

  • Jylland CR (1860)
  • Tordenskjold CR (1862)
  • Dagmar SP (1861)
  • Absalon class GB (1862)
  • Fylla class GB (1863)
Hellenic Navy 1870 Nautiko Hellenon
  • Basileos Giorgios (1867)
  • Basilisa Olga (1869)
  • Sloop Hellas (1861)
Koninklije Marine 1870 Koninklije Marine 1870
  • Dutch Screw Frigates & corvettes
  • De Ruyter Bd Ironclad (1863)
  • Prins H. der Neth. Turret ship (1866)
  • Buffel class turret rams (1868)
  • Skorpioen class turret rams (1868)
  • Heiligerlee class Monitors (1868)
  • Bloedhond class Monitors (1869)
  • Adder class Monitors (1870)
  • A.H.Van Nassau Frigate (1861)
  • A.Paulowna Frigate (1867)
  • Djambi class corvettes (1860)
  • Amstel class Gunboats (1860)
Marine Française 1870 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
  • Screw 3-deckers (1850-58)
  • Screw 2-deckers (1852-59)
  • Screw Frigates (1849-59)
  • Conv. sailing frigates
  • Screw Corvettes (1846-59)
  • Screw Fl. Batteries (1855)
  • Paddle Frigates
  • Paddle Corvettes
  • screw sloops
  • screw gunboats
  • Sailing ships of the line
  • Sailing frigates
  • Sailing corvettes
  • Sailing bricks


  • Gloire class Bd. Ironclads (1859)
  • Couronne Bd. Ironclad (1861)
  • Magenta class Bd. Ironclads (1861)
  • Palestro class Flt. Batteries (1862)
  • Arrogante class Flt. Batteries (1864)
  • Provence class Bd. Ironclads (1864)
  • Embuscade class Flt. Batteries (1865)
  • Taureau arm. ram (1865)
  • Belliqueuse Bd. Ironclad (1865)
  • Alma Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1867)
  • Ocean class CT Battery ship (1868)


  • Cosmao class cruisers (1861)
  • Talisman cruisers (1862)
  • Resolue cruisers (1863)
  • Venus class cruisers (1864)
  • Decres cruiser (1866)
  • Desaix cruiser (1866)
  • Limier class cruisers (1867)
  • Linois cruiser (1867)
  • Chateaurenault cruiser (1868)
  • Infernet class Cruisers (1869)
  • Bourayne class Cruisers (1869)
  • Cruiser Hirondelle (1869)

  • Curieux class sloops (1860)
  • Adonis class sloops (1863)
  • Guichen class sloops (1865)
  • Sloop Renard (1866)
  • Bruix class sloops (1867)
  • Pique class gunboats (1862)
  • Hache class gunboats (1862)
  • Arbalete class gunboats (1866)
  • Etendard class gunboats (1868)
  • Revolver class gunboats (1869)
Marinha do Brasil 1870 Marinha do Brasil
  • Barrozo class (1864)
  • Brasil (1864)
  • Tamandare (1865)
  • Lima Barros (1865)
  • Rio de Janeiro (1865)
  • Silvado (1866)
  • Mariz E Barros class (1866)
  • Carbal class (1866)
Turkish Ottoman navy 1870 Osmanlı Donanması
  • Osmanieh class Bd.Ironclads (1864)
  • Assari Tewfik (1868)
  • Assari Shevket class Ct. Ironclads (1868)
  • Lufti Djelil class CDS (1868)
  • Avni Illah class cas.ironclads (1869)
  • Fethi Bulend class cas.ironclads (1870)
  • Barbette ironclad Idjalleh (1870)
  • Messudieh class Ct.Bat.ships (1874)
  • Hamidieh Ct.Bat.Ironclads (1885)
  • Abdul Kadir Battleships (project)

  • Frigate Ertrogul (1863)
  • Selimieh (1865)
  • Rehberi Tewkik (1875)
  • Mehmet Selim (1876)
  • Sloops & despatch vessels
Turkish Ottoman navy 1870 Marina Do Peru
  • Monitor Atahualpa (1865)
  • CT. Bat Independencia (1865)
  • Turret ship Huascar (1865)
  • Frigate Apurimac (1855)
  • Corvette America (1865)
  • Corvette Union (1865)
Portuguese Navy 1870 Marinha do Portugal
  • Bartolomeu Dias class (28-guns) steam frigates
  • Sagris (14 guns) steam corvette
  • Vasco Da Gama (74 guns) Ship of the Line
  • Dom Fernando I e Gloria (50) Sailing Frigate
  • Dom Joao I class (14 guns) Sailing corvettes
  • Portuguese Side-wheel steamers
Regia Marina 1870 Regia Marina 1870
Imperial Japanese navy 1870 Nihhon Kaigun 1870
  • Ironclad Ruyjo (1868)
  • Ironclad Kotetsu (1868)
  • Frigate Fujiyama (1864)
  • Frigate Kasuga (1863)
  • Corvette Asama (1869)
  • Gunboat Raiden (1856)
  • Gunboat Chiyodogata (1863)
  • Teibo class GB (1866)
  • Gunboat Mushun (1865)
  • Gunboat Hosho (1868)
Prussian Navy 1870 Preußische Marine 1870
  • Prinz Adalbert (1864)
  • Arminius (1864)
  • Friedrich Carl (1867)
  • Kronprinz (1867)
  • K.Whilhelm (1868)
  • Arcona class Frigates (1858)
  • Nymphe class Frigates (1863)
  • Augusta class Frigates (1864)
  • Jäger class gunboats (1860)
  • Chamaleon class gunboats (1860)
Russian mperial Navy 1870 Russkiy Flot 1870
  • Ironclad Sevastopol (1864)
  • Ironclad Petropavlovsk (1864)
  • Ironclad Smerch (1864)
  • Pervenetz class (1863)
  • Charodeika class (1867)
  • Admiral Lazarev class (1867)
  • Ironclad Kniaz Pojarski (1867)
  • Bronenosetz class monitors (1867)
  • Admiral Chichagov class (1868)
  • S3D Imperator Nicolai I (1860)
  • S3D Sinop (1860)
  • S3D Tsessarevich (1860)
  • Russian screw two-deckers (1856-59)
  • Russian screw frigates (1854-61)
  • Russian screw corvettes (1856-60)
  • Russian screw sloops (1856-60)
  • Varyag class Corvettes (1862)
  • Almaz class Sloops (1861)
  • Opyt TGBT (1861)
  • Sobol class TGBT (1863)
  • Pishtchal class TGBT (1866)
Swedish Navy 1870 Svenska marinen
  • Ericsson class monitors (1865)
  • Frigate Karl XIV (1854)
  • Frigate Stockholm (1856)
  • Corvette Gefle (1848)
  • Corvette Orädd (1853)
Norwegian Navy 1870 Søværnet
  • Skorpionen class (1866)
  • Frigate Stolaf (1856)
  • Frigate Kong Sverre (1860)
  • Frigate Nordstjerna (1862)
  • Frigate Vanadis (1862)
  • Glommen class gunboats (1863)
Union Union Navy ☍ See the Page
Confederate Confederate Navy ☍ See the Page
Union 'Old Navy'(1865-1885) ☍ See the Page
  • Dunderberg Bd Ironclad (1865)
  • Wampanoag class frigates (1864)
  • Frigate Chattanooga & Idaho (1864)
  • Frigate Idaho (1864)
  • Java class frigates (1865)
  • Contookook class frigates (1865)
  • Frigate Trenton (1876)
  • Swatara class sloops (1865)
  • Alaska class sloops (1868)
  • Galena class sloops (1873)
  • Enterprise class sloops (1874)
  • Alert class sloops (1873)
  • Alarm torpedo ram (1873)
  • Intrepid torpedo ram (1874)

⚑ 1890 Fleets

Argentinian Navy 1898 Armada de Argentina
  • Parana class (1873)
  • La Plata class (1875)
  • Pilcomayo class (1875)
  • Ferre class (1880)
Austro-Hungarian Navy 1898 K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
  • Custoza (1872)
  • Erzherzog Albrecht (1872)
  • Kaiser (1871)
  • Kaiser Max class (1875)
  • Tegetthoff (1878)

  • Radetzky(ii) class (1872)
  • SMS Donau(ii) (1874)
  • SMS Donau(iii) (1893)

  • Erzherzog Friedrich class (1878)
  • Saida (1878)
  • Fasana (1870)
  • Aurora class (1873)
Chinese Imperial Navy 1898 Imperial Chinese Navy
  • Hai An class frigates (1872)
Danish Navy 1898 Dansk Marine
  • Tordenskjold (1880)
  • Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
  • Skjold (1896)
  • Cruiser Fyen (1882)
  • Cruiser Valkyrien (1888)
Hellenic Navy 1898 Nautiko Hellenon
  • Spetsai class (1889)
  • Nauarchos Miaoulis (1889)
  • Greek Torpedo Boats (1881-85)
  • Greek Gunboats (1861-84)
Haitian Navy 1914Marine Haitienne
  • Gunboat St Michael (1970)
  • Gunboat "1804" (1875)
  • Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
  • Gunboat Toussaint Louverture (1886)
Koninklije Marine 1898 Koninklije Marine
  • Konigin der Netherland (1874)
  • Draak, monitor (1877)
  • Matador, monitor (1878)
  • R. Claeszen, monitor (1891)
  • Evertsen class CDS (1894)
  • Atjeh class cruisers (1876)
  • Cruiser Sumatra (1890)
  • Cruiser K.W. Der. Neth (1892)
  • Banda class Gunboats (1872)
  • Pontania class Gunboats (1873)
  • Gunboat Aruba (1873)
  • Hydra Gunboat class (1873)
  • Batavia class Gunboats (1877)
  • Wodan Gunboat class (1877)
  • Ceram class Gunboats (1887)
  • Combok class Gunboats (1891)
  • Borneo Gunboat (1892)
  • Nias class Gunboats (1895)
  • Koetei class Gunboats (1898)
  • Dutch sloops (1864-85)
Marine Française 1898 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
  • Friedland CT Battery ship (1873)
  • Richelieu CT Battery ship (1873)
  • Colbert class CT Battery ships (1875)
  • Redoutable CT Battery ship (1876)
  • Courbet class CT Battery ships (1879)
  • Amiral Duperre barbette ship (1879)
  • Terrible class barbette ships (1883)
  • Amiral Baudin class barbette ships (1883)
  • Barbette ship Hoche (1886)
  • Marceau class barbette ships (1888)

  • Cerbere class Arm.Ram (1870)
  • Tonnerre class Br.Monitors (1875)
  • Tempete class Br.Monitors (1876)
  • Tonnant ironclad (1880)
  • Furieux ironclad (1883)
  • Fusee class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
  • Acheron class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
  • Jemmapes class (1892)
  • Bouvines class (1892)

  • La Galissonière Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1872)
  • Bayard class barbette ships (1879)
  • Vauban class barbette ships (1882)
  • Prot. Cruiser Sfax (1884)
  • Prot. Cruiser Tage (1886)
  • Prot. Cruiser Amiral Cécille (1888)
  • Prot. Cruiser Davout (1889)
  • Forbin class Cruisers (1888)
  • Troude class Cruisers (1888)
  • Alger class Cruisers (1891)
  • Friant class Cruisers (1893)
  • Prot. Cruiser Suchet (1893)
  • Descartes class Cruisers (1893)
  • Linois class Cruisers (1896)
  • D'Assas class Cruisers (1896)
  • Catinat class Cruisers (1896)

  • R. de Genouilly class Cruisers (1876)
  • Cruiser Duquesne (1876)
  • Cruiser Tourville (1876)
  • Cruiser Duguay-Trouin (1877)
  • Laperouse class Cruisers (1877)
  • Villars class Cruisers (1879)
  • Cruiser Iphigenie (1881)
  • Cruiser Naiade (1881)
  • Cruiser Arethuse (1882)
  • Cruiser Dubourdieu (1884)
  • Cruiser Milan (1884)

  • Parseval class sloops (1876)
  • Bisson class sloops (1874)
  • Epee class gunboats (1873)
  • Crocodile class gunboats (1874)
  • Tromblon class gunboats (1875)
  • Condor class Torpedo Cruisers (1885)
  • G. Charmes class gunboats (1886)
  • Inconstant class sloops (1887)
  • Bombe class Torpedo Cruisers (1887)
  • Wattignies class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
  • Levrier class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
Marinha do Brasil 1898 Marinha do Brasil
Marinha do Portugal 1898 Marinha do Portugal
Marina de Mexico 1898 Mexico
  • GB Indipendencia (1874)
  • GB Democrata (1875)
Turkish Ottoman navy 1898 Osmanlı Donanması
  • Cruiser Heibtnuma (1890)
  • Cruiser Lufti Humayun (1892)
  • Cruiser Hadevendighar (1892)
  • Shadieh class cruisers (1893)
  • Turkish TBs (1885-94)
Regia Marina 1898 Regia Marina
  • Pr. Amadeo class (1871)
  • Caio Duilio class (1879)
  • Italia class (1885)
  • Ruggero di Lauria class (1884)
  • Carracciolo (1869)
  • Vettor Pisani (1869)
  • Cristoforo Colombo (1875)
  • Flavio Goia (1881)
  • Amerigo Vespucci (1882)
  • C. Colombo (ii) (1892)
  • Pietro Micca (1876)
  • Tripoli (1886)
  • Goito class (1887)
  • Folgore class (1887)
  • Partenope class (1889)
  • Giovanni Bausan (1883)
  • Etna class (1885)
  • Dogali (1885)
  • Piemonte (1888)
  • Staffeta (1876)
  • Rapido (1876)
  • Barbarigo class (1879)
  • Messagero (1885)
  • Archimede class (1887)
  • Guardiano class GB (1874)
  • Scilla class GB (1874)
  • Provana class GB (1884)
  • Curtatone class GB (1887)
  • Castore class GB (1888)
Imperial Japanese navy 1898 Nihhon Kaigun
  • Ironclad Fuso (1877)
  • Kongo class Ironclads (1877)

  • Cruiser Tsukushi (1880)
  • Cruiser Takao (1888)
  • Cruiser Yaeyama (1889)
  • Cruiser Chishima (1890)
  • Cruiser Tatsuta (1894)
  • Cruiser Miyako (1898)

  • Frigate Nisshin (1869)
  • Frigate Tsukuba (acq.1870)
  • Kaimon class CVT (1882)
  • Katsuragi class SCVT (1885)
  • Sloop Seiki (1875)
  • Sloop Amagi (1877)
  • Corvette Jingei (1876)
  • Gunboat Banjo (1878)
  • Maya class GB (1886)
  • Gunboat Oshima (1891)
German Navy 1898 Kaiserliche Marine
  • Ironclad Hansa (1872)
  • G.Kurfürst class (1873)
  • Kaiser class (1874)
  • Sachsen class (1877)
  • Ironclad Oldenburg (1884)

  • Ariadne class CVT (1871)
  • Leipzig class CVT (1875)
  • Bismarck class CVT (1877)
  • Carola class CVT (1880)
  • Corvette Nixe (1885)
  • Corvette Charlotte (1885)
  • Schwalbe class Cruisers (1887)
  • Bussard class (1890)

  • Aviso Zieten (1876)
  • Blitz class Avisos (1882)
  • Aviso Greif (1886)
  • Wacht class Avisos (1887)
  • Meteor class Avisos (1890)
  • Albatross class GBT (1871)
  • Cyclop GBT (1874)
  • Otter GBT (1877)
  • Wolf class GBT (1878)
  • Habitch class GBT (1879)
  • Hay GBT (1881)
  • Eber GBT (1881)
  • Rhein class Monitors (1872)
  • Wespe class Monitors (1876)
  • Brummer class Arm.Steamers (1884)
Russian Imperial Navy 1898 Russkiy Flot
Marina do Peru Marina Do Peru
  • Lima class Cruisers (1880)
  • Chilean TBs (1879)
Swedish Navy 1898 Svenska Marinen
Norwegian Navy 1898 Søværnet
  • Lindormen (1868)
  • Gorm (1870)
  • Odin (1872)
  • Helgoland (1878)
  • Tordenskjold (1880)
  • Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
Royal Navy 1898 Royal Navy 1898
  • Hotspur (1870)
  • Glatton (1871)
  • Devastation class (1871)
  • Cyclops class (1871)
  • Rupert (1874)
  • Neptune class (1874)
  • Dreadnought (1875)
  • Inflexible (1876)
  • Agamemnon class (1879)
  • Conqueror class (1881)
  • Colossus class (1882)
  • Admiral class (1882)
  • Trafalgar class (1887)
  • Victoria class (1890)
  • Royal Sovereign class (1891)
  • Centurion class (1892)
  • Renown (1895)

  • HMS Shannon (1875)
  • Nelson class (1876)
  • Iris class (1877)
  • Leander class (1882)
  • Imperieuse class (1883)
  • Mersey class (1885)
  • Surprise class (1885)
  • Scout class (1885)
  • Archer class (1885)
  • Orlando class (1886)
  • Medea class (1888)
  • Barracouta class (1889)
  • Barham class (1889)
  • Pearl class (1889)
  • 1870-90 Torpedo Boats
  • Spanish Navy 1898 Armada 1898
    • Ironclad Pelayo (1887)

    • Aragon class (1879)
    • Velasco class (1881)
    • Isla de Luzon (1886)
    • Alfonso XII class (1887)
    • Reina Regentes class (1887)
    • Infanta Maria Teresa class (1890)
    • Emperador Carlos V (1895)
    • Cristobal Colon (1896)
    • Princesa de Asturias class (1896)

    • Destructor class (1886)
    • Temerario class (1891)
    • TGunboat Filipinas (1892)
    • De Molina class (1896)
    • Furor class (1896)
    • Audaz class (1897)
    • Spanish TBs (1878-87)
    • Fernando class gunboats (1875)
    • Concha class gunboats (1883)
    US Navy 1898 1898 US Navy US Navy 1898☍ See the Page
    • USS Maine (1889)
    • USS Texas (1892)
    • Indiana class (1893)
    • USS Iowa (1896)

    • Amphitrite class (1876)
    • USS Puritan (1882)
    • USS Monterey (1891)

    • Atlanta class (1884)
    • USS Chicago (1885)
    • USS Charleston (1888)
    • USS Baltimore (1888)
    • USS Philadelphia (1889)
    • USS San Francisco (1889)
    • USS Newark (1890)
    • USS New York (1891)
    • USS Olympia (1892)
    • Cincinatti class (1892)
    • Montgomery class (1893)
    • Columbia class (1893)
    • USS Brooklyn (1895)

    • USS Vesuvius (1888)
    • USS Katahdin (1893)
    • USN Torpedo Boats (1886-1901)
    • GB USS Dolphin (1884)
    • Yorktown class GB (1888)
    • GB USS Petrel (1888)
    • GB USS Bancroft (1892)
    • Machias class GB (1891)
    • GB USS Nashville (1895)
    • Wilmington class GB (1895)
    • Annapolis class GB (1896)
    • Wheeling class GB (1897)
    • Small gunboats (1886-95)
    • St Louis class AMC (1894)
    • Harvard class AMC (1888)
    • USN Armoured Merchant Cruisers
    • USN Armed Yachts

    WW1

    ☉ Entente Fleets

    US ww1 US Navy ☍ See the Page
    British ww1 Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    French ww1 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
    Japan ww1 Nihhon Kaigun ☍ See the Page
    Russia ww1 Russkiy Flot ☍ See the Page
    Italy ww1 Regia Marina

    ✠ Central Empires

    German Navy 1914 Kaiserliche Marine
    austria-hungary ww1 KuK Kriesgmarine
    turkey ww1 Osmanli Donmanasi
    • Barbarossa class battleships (1892)
    • Yavuz (1914)
    • Cruiser Mecidieh (1903)
    • Cruiser Hamidieh (1903)
    • Cruiser Midilli (1914)
    • Namet Torpedo cruisers (1890)
    • Sahahani Deria Torpedo cruisers (1892)
    • Destroyers class Berk-Efshan (1894)
    • Destroyers class Yarishar (1907)
    • Destroyers class Muavenet (1909)
    • Berk i Savket class Torpedo gunboats (1906)
    • Marmaris gunboat (1903)
    • Sedd ul Bahr class gunboats (1907)
    • Isa Reis class gunboats (1911)
    • Preveze class gunboats (1912)
    • Turkish WW1 Torpedo Boats
    • Turkish Armed Yachts (1861-1903)
    • Turkish WW1 Minelayers

    ⚑ Neutral Countries

    Americas
    Argentinian navy Argentina
    Brazilian Navy Brazil
    Chilean Navy 1914 Chile
    Cuban Navy 1914 Cuba
    • Gunboat Baire (1906)
    • Gunboat Patria (1911)
    • Diez de octubre class GB (1911)
    • Sloop Cuba (1911)
    Haitian Navy 1914 Haiti
    • Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
    • GB Toussaint Louverture (1886)
    • GB Capois la Mort (1893)
    • GB Crete a Pierot (1895)
    Mexican Navy Mexico
    • Cruiser Zatagosa (1891)
    • GB Plan de Guadalupe (1892)
    • Tampico class GB (1902)
    • N. Bravo class GB (1903)
    Peruvian Navy 1914 Peru
    • Almirante Grau class (1906)
    • Ferre class subs. (1912)
    Europe
    Bulgarian Navy Bulgaria
    • Cruiser Nadezhda (1898)
    • Drski class TBs (1906)
    Danish Navy 1914 Denmark
    • Skjold class (1896)
    • Herluf Trolle class (1899)
    • Herluf Trolle (1908)
    • Niels Iuel (1918)
    • Hekla class cruisers (1890)
    • Valkyrien class cruisers (1888)
    • Fyen class crusiers (1882)
    • Danish TBs (1879-1918)
    • Danish Submarines (1909-1920)
    • Danish Minelayer/sweepers
    Greek Royal Navy Greece
    Dutch Empire Navy 1914 Netherlands
    • Eversten class (1894)
    • Konigin Regentes class (1900)
    • De Zeven Provincien (1909)
    • Dutch dreadnought (project)
    • Holland class cruisers (1896)
    • Fret class destroyers
    • Dutch Torpedo boats
    • Dutch gunboats
    • Dutch submarines
    • Dutch minelayers
    Norwegian Navy 1914 Norway
    • Haarfarge class (1897)
    • Norge class (1900)
    • Norwegian Monitors
    • Cr. Frithjof (1895)
    • Cr. Viking (1891)
    • DD Draug (1908)
    • Norwegian ww1 TBs
    • Norwegian ww1 Gunboats
    • Sub. Kobben (1909)
    • Ml. Fröya (1916)
    • Ml. Glommen (1917)
    Portuguese navy 1914 Portugal
    • Coastal Battleship Vasco da Gama (1875)
    • Cruiser Adamastor (1896)
    • Sao Gabriel class (1898)
    • Cruiser Dom Carlos I (1898)
    • Cruiser Rainha Dona Amelia (1899)
    • Portuguese ww1 Destroyers
    • Portuguese ww1 Submersibles
    • Portuguese ww1 Gunboats
    Romanian Navy 1914 Romania
    Spanish Armada Spain
    Swedish Navy 1914 Sweden
    Asia
    Chinese navy 1914 China
    Thai Empire Navy 1914 Thailand
    • Maha Chakri (1892)
    • Thoon Kramon (1866)
    • Makrut Rajakumarn (1883)

    ⚏ WW1 3rd/4th rank navies

    ✈ WW1 Naval Aviation

    US naval aviation USN
    • Boeing model 2/3/5 (1916)
    • Aeromarine 39 (1917)
    • Curtiss H (1917)
    • Curtiss F5L (1918)
    • Curtiss VE-7 (1918)
    • Curtiss NC (1918)
    • Curtiss NC4 (1918)
    RNAS RNAS
    • Short 184 (1915)
    • Fairey Campania (1917)
    • Felixtowe F2 (1916)
    • Felixtowe F3 (1917)
    • Felixtowe F5 (1918)
    • Sopwith Baby (1917)
    • Fairey Hamble Baby (1917)
    • Fairey III (1918)
    • Short S38 (1912)
    • Short Admiralty Type 166 (1914)
    • Short Admiralty Type 184 (1915)

    • Blackburn Kangaroo
    • Sopwith 1-1/2 Strutter
    • Sopwith Pup
    • Sopwith Cuckoo 1918
    • Royal Aircraft Factory Airships
    German Imperial naval aviation Marineflieger
    • Albatros W.4 (1916)
    • Albatros W.8 (1918)
    • Friedrichshafen Models
    • Gotha WD.1-27 (1918)
    • Hansa-Brandenburg series
    • L.F.G V.19 Stralsund (1918)
    • L.F.G W (1916)
    • L.F.G WD (1917)
    • Lübeck-Travemünde (1914)
    • Oertz W series (1914)
    • Rumpler 4B (1914)
    • Sablatnig SF (1916)
    • Zeppelin-Lindau Rs series
    • Kaiserlichesmarine Zeppelins
    French naval aviation French Naval Aviation
    • Borel Type Bo.11 (1911)
    • Nieuport VI.H (1912)
    • Nieuport X.H (1913)
    • Donnet-Leveque (1913)
    • FBA-Leveque (1913)
    • FBA (1913)
    • Donnet-Denhaut (1915)
    • Borel-Odier Type Bo-T(1916)
    • Levy G.L.40 (1917)
    • Blériot-SPAD S.XIV (1917)
    • Hanriot HD.2 (1918)
    • Zodiac Airships
    Italian naval aviation Italian Naval Aviation
    • Ansaldo SVA Idro (1916)
    • Ansaldo Baby Idro (1915)
    • Macchi M3 (1916)
    • Macchi M5 (1918)
    • SIAI S.12 (1918)
    Russian naval aviation Russian Naval Aviation
    • Grigorovich M-5 (1915)
    • Grigorovich M-9 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-11 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-15 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
    ✠ K.u.K. SeeFliegkorps
    • Lohner E (1914)
    • Lohner L (1915)
    • Oeffag G (1916)
    IJN Aviation IJN Air Service
    • IJN Farman 1914
    • Yokosho Rogou Kougata (1917)
    • Yokosuka Igo-Ko (1920)

    WW2

    ✪ Allied ww2 Fleets

    US ww2 US Navy
    British ww2 Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    French ww2 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
    Soviet ww2 Sovietskiy Flot ☍ See the Page
    Royal Canadian Navy Royal Canadian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Royal Australian Navy Royal Australian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Koninklije Marine, Dutch Navy ww2 Dutch Navy ☍ See the Page
    Chinese Navy Chinese Navy 1937 ☍ See the Page

    ✙ Axis ww2 Fleets

    Japan ww2 Imperial Japanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    italy ww2 Regia Marina ☍ See the Page
    German ww2 Kriegsmarine ☍ See the Page

    ⚑ Neutral Navies

    Armada de Argentina Argentinian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Marinha do Brasil Brazilian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Armada de Chile Chilean Navy ☍ See the Page
    Søværnet Danish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Niels Iuel (1918)
    • Danish ww2 Torpedo-Boats
    • Danish ww2 submarines
    • Danish ww2 minelayer/sweepers
    Merivoimat Finnish Navy ☍ See the Page
    Hellenic Navy Hellenic Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Greek ww2 Destroyers
    • Greek ww2 submarines
    • Greek ww2 minelayers
    Marynarka Vojenna Polish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cruiser ORP Dragon
    • Cruiser ORP Conrad
    • Brislawicka class Destroyers
    • Witcher ww2 Destroyers
    • Minelayer Gryf
    • Wilk class sub.
    • Orzel class sub.
    • Jakolska class minesweepers
    • Polish Monitors
    Portuguese navy ww2 Portuguese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Douro class DDs
    • Delfim class sub
    • Velho class gb
    • Albuquerque class gb
    • Nunes class sloops
    Romanian Navy Romanian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Romanian ww2 Destroyers
    • Romanian ww2 Submarines
    Royal Norwegian Navy Sjøforsvaret ☍ See the Page
    • Norwegian ww2 Torpedo-Boats
    Spanish Armada Spanish Armada ☍ See the Page
    Svenska Marinen Svenska Marinen ☍ See the Page
    • Sverige class CBBs (1915)
    • Gustav V class CBBs (1918)
    • Interwar Swedish CBB projects

    • Tre Kronor class (1943)
    • Gotland (1933)
    • Fylgia (1905)

    • Ehrernskjold class DDs (1926)
    • Psilander class DDs (1926)
    • Klas Horn class DDs (1931)
    • Romulus class DDs (1934)
    • Göteborg class DDs (1935)
    • Mode class DDs (1942)
    • Visby class DDs (1942)
    • Öland class DDs (1945)

    • Swedish ww2 TBs
    • Swedish ww2 Submarines
    • Swedish ww2 Minelayers
    • Swedish ww2 MTBs
    • Swedish ww2 Patrol Vessels
    • Swedish ww2 Minesweepers
    Türk Donanmasi Turkish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kocatepe class Destroyers
    • Tinaztepe class Destroyers
    • İnönü class submarines
    • Submarine Dumplumpynar
    • Submarine Sakarya
    • Submarine Gur
    • Submarine Batiray
    • Atilay class submarines
    Royal Yugoslav Navy Royal Yugoslav Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cruiser Dalmacija
    • Dubrovnik class DDs
    • Beograd class DDs
    • Osvetnik class subs
    • Hrabi class subs
    • Gunboat Beli Orao
    Royal Thai Navy Royal Thai Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Taksin class
    • Ratanakosindra class
    • Sri Ayuthia class
    • Puket class
    • Tachin class
    • Sinsamudar class sub
    minor navies Minor Navies ☍ See the Page

    ✈ Naval Aviation

    Latest entries | WW1 | Cold War
    US naval aviation USN aviation ☍ See the Page
    Fleet Air Arm ☍ See the Page
    IJN aviation ☍ See the Page
    • Mitsubishi 1MF (1923)
    • Nakajima A1N (1930)
    • Nakajima A2N (1932)
    • Mitsubishi A5M "Claude" (1935)
    • Nakajima A4N (1935)
    • Mitsubishi A6M "zeke" (1940)
    • Nakajima J1N Gekko "Irving" (1941)
    • Mitsubishi J2M Raiden "Jack" (1942)
    • Kawanishi N1K-J Shiden "George" (1942)
    • Nakajima J5N Tenrai (1944)

    • Aichi S1A Denko* (1944)
    • Mitsubishi A7M reppu* (1944)
    • Mitsubishi J8M1 Shusui* (1945)
    • Mitsubishi J8M2 Shusui-kai* (1945)
    • Kyushu J7W Shinden* (1945)
    • Nakajima J9Y Kikka* (1945)

    • Mitsubishi 1MT (1922)
    • Mitsubishi B1M (1923)
    • Mitsubishi B2M (1932)
    • Kugisho B3Y (1932)
    • Aichi D1A "Susie" (1934)
    • Yokosuka B4Y "Jean" (1935)
    • Mitsubishi B5M "Mabel" (1937)
    • Nakajima B5N "Kate" (1937)
    • Aichi D3A "Val" (1940)
    • Nakajima B6N "Jill" (1941)
    • Aichi B7A "Grace" (1942)
    • Nakajima C6N Saiun "Myrt" (1942)
    • Yokosuka D4Y "Judy" (1942)
    • Yokosuka MXY-7 "Baka" (1944)

    • Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" (1935)
    • Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" (1941)
    • Kawanishi P1Y Ginga "Frances" (1943)
    • Kyushu Q1W Tokai "Lorna" (1943)
    • Tachikawa Ki-74 "Patsy" (1944)
    • Nakajima G8N Renzan "Rita" (1944)

    • Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
    • Nakajima C2N1 (1931)
    • Yokosuka K5Y1 "Willow" (1933)
    • Nakajima L1N1 (1937)
    • Kawanishi H6K2/4-L (1938)
    • Kyushu K10W1 "Oak" (1941)
    • Kyushu K11W1 Shiragiku (1942)
    • Mitsubishi L4M1 (1942)
    • Nakajima G5N Shinzan "Liz" (1942)
    • Yokosuka L3Y "Tina" (1942)
    • Kyushu Q1W1-K "Lorna"(1943)
    • Aichi M6A1-K Nanzan (1943)
    • Yokosuka MXY-7K-1 "Kai" (1944)
    • Yokosuka MXY-8 Akigusa (1945)

    • Hiro H1H (1926)
    • Yokosuka E1Y (1926)
    • Nakajima E2N (1927)
    • Aichi E3A (1929)
    • Yokosuka K4Y (1930)
    • Nakajima E4N (1931)
    • Nakajima E8N "Dave" (1935)
    • Kawanishi E7K "Alf" (1935)
    • Kawanishi E11K1 (1937)
    • Aichi E11A "Laura" (1938)
    • Watanabe E9W (1938)
    • Watanabe K8W* (1938)
    • Mitsubishi F1M "pete" (1941)
    • Nakajima E14Y "Glen" (1941)
    • Aichi E13A "Jake" (1941)
    • Aichi H9A (1942)
    • Nakajima A6M2-N (1942)
    • Kawanishi E15K Shiun (1942)
    • Kawanishi N1K1 "Rex" (1943)
    • Aichi E16A "Zuiun" (1944)
    • Aichi M6A1 Seiran (1945)

    • Kawanishi E11K* (1937)
    • Kawanishi H6K "Mavis" (1938)
    • Kawanishi K6K* (1938)
    • Kawanishi H6K3 (1939)
    • Kawanishi K8K (1940)
    • Kawanishi H8K "Emily" (1942)
    • Yokosuka H5Y "Cherry" (1936)

    • Mitsubishi 2MR (1923)
    • Yokosho K1Y (1924)
    • Yokosuka K2Y (1928)
    • Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
    • Hitachi LXG1 (1934)
    • Kyushu K10W "Oak" (1943)
    Italian Aviation ☍ See the Page
    French Aeronavale ☍ See the Page
    • Levasseur PL5/9 (1924)
    • Wibault 74 (1926)
    • CAMS 37 (1926)
    • Gourdou-Leseurre GL.300 series (1926-39)
    • Levasseur PL7 (1928)
    • Levasseur PL10 (1929)
    • Latécoere 290 (1931)
    • Breguet 521/22/23 (1931)
    • Leo H257 bis (1932)
    • Latécoere 300 series (1932)
    • Morane 226 (1934)
    • Dewoitine 376 (1934)
    • Latécoere 321 (1935)
    • Potez 452 (1935)
    • Latécoere 38.1 (1936)
    • Loire 210 (1936)
    • Leo H43 (1936)
    • Levasseur PL107 (1937)
    • Loire 130 (1937)
    • Dewoitine HD.730 (1938)
    • Latecoere 298 (1938)
    • LN 401 (1938)
    Soviet Naval Aviation
    Luftwaffe (Naval) ☍ See the Page
    • Arado 197 (1937)
    • Fieseler Fi-167 (1938)
    • Junkers Ju-87C (1938)
    • Messerschmitt Me 109T (1941)
    • Messerschmitt 155 (1944)

    • Heinkel HE 1 (1921)
    • Caspar U1 (1922)
    • Dornier Do J Wal (1922)
    • Dornier Do 16 ‘Wal’ (1923)
    • Heinkel HE 2 (1923)
    • Junkers A 20/Ju 20 (1923)
    • Rohrbach Ro II (1923)
    • Rohrbach Ro III (1924)
    • Dornier Do D (1924)
    • Dornier Do E (1924)
    • Junkers G 24 (1924)
    • Rohrbach Ro IV (1925)
    • Heinkel HD 14 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 25 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 26 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 24 (1926)
    • Heinkel HE 4 (1926)
    • Junkers W 33/34 (1926)
    • Heinkel HE 5 (1926)
    • Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe (1926)
    • Rohrbach Ro V Rocco (1927)
    • Heinkel HE 31 (1927)
    • Heinkel HE 8 (1927)
    • Arado W II (1928)
    • Heinkel HD 9 (1928)
    • Heinkel HD 16 (1928)
    • Heinkel He 55 (1929)
    • Heinkel He 56 (1929)
    • Arado SSD I (1930)
    • Junkers Ju 52w (1930)
    • Heinkel HE 42 (1931)
    • Heinkel He 50 (1931)
    • Heinkel He 59 (1931)
    • Arado Ar 66 (1932)
    • Heinkel He 58 (1932)
    • Junkers Ju 46 (1932)
    • Klemm Kl 35bW (1932)
    • Heinkel He 62 (1932)
    • Heinkel He 60 (1933)
    • Heinkel He 51w (1933)
    • Arado Ar 95 (1937)
    • Arado Ar 196 (1937)
    • Arado Ar 199 (1939)
    • Blohm & Voss Ha 139 (1936)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 138 (1937)
    • Blohm & Voss Ha 140 (1937)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 222 (1938)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 238 (1942)
    • Dornier Do 24/318 (1937)
    • Dornier Do 18 (1935)
    • Dornier Do 26 (1938)
    • Dornier Do 22 (1938)
    • DFS Seeadler (1936)
    • Focke-Wulf Fw 58W (1935)
    • Focke-Wulf Fw 62 (1937)
    • Heinkel He 114 (1936)
    • Heinkel He 115 (1936)
    • Heinkel He 119 (1936)
    Dutch Naval Aviation
    • Fokker W.3 (1915)
    • Fokker T.II (1921)
    • Fokker B.I/III (1922)
    • Fokker B.II (1923)
    • Fokker T.III (1924)
    • Fokker T.IV (1927)
    • Fokker B.IV (1928)
    • Fokker C.VII W (1928)
    • Fokker C.VIII W (1929)
    • Fokker C.XI W (1934)
    • Fokker C.XIV-W (1937)
    • Fokker T.VIII-W (1939)

    ☢ The Cold War

    ☭ WARSAW PACT

    Sovietskaya Flota Sovietskiy flot ☍ See the Page
    Warsaw Pact cold war navy Warsaw Pact Navies ☍ See the Detail
    • Albania
    • Bulgaria
    • Czechoslovakia
    • Hungary
    • Volksmarine East Germany
    • Parchim class corvettes (1985)
    • Hai class sub-chasers (1958)
    • Volksmarine's minesweepers
    • Volksmarine's FAC
    • Volksmarine's Landing ships
    • ORP Warzsawa (1970)
    • ORP Kaszub (1986)
    • Polish Landing ships
    • Polish FACs
    • Polish Patrol ships
    • Polish Minesweepers
    • Missile Destroyer Muntenia (1982)
    • Tetal class Frigates (1981)
    • Romanian river patrol crafts

    ✦ NATO

    bundesmarine Bundesmarine ☍ See the Page
    Dutch Navy Danish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Hvidbjornen class Frigates (1962)
    • Frigate Beskytteren (1976)
    • Peder Skram class Frigates (1965)
    • Thetis class frigates (1989)
    • Bellona class corvettes (1955)
    • Niels Juel class corvettes (1979)

    • Delfinen class submarines (1958)
    • Narhvalen class submarines (1970)

    • Bille class Torpedo Boats (1946)
    • Flyvefisken class Torpedo Boats (1954)
    • Falken class Torpedo Boats (1960)
    • Soloven class Torpedo Boats (1962)
    • Willemoes class FAC (1976)
    • Flyvefisken class FAC (1989)
    • Daphne class Patrol Boats (1960)
    • Danish Minelayers
    • Danish Minesweepers
    Dutch Navy Dutch Navy ☍ See the Page
    • CV Karel Doorman (1948)
    • De Zeven Provinciën class cruisers (1945)
    • Holland class DDs (1953)
    • Friesland class DDs (1953)
    • Roodfier class Frigates (1953)
    • Frigate Lynx (1954)
    • Van Speijk class Frigates (1965)
    • Tromp class Frigates (1973)
    • Kortenaer class frigates (1976)
    • Van H. class Frigates (1983)
    • K. Doorman class Frigates (1988)
    • Dolfijn clas sub. (1959)
    • Zwaardvis class subs. (1970)
    • Walrus class subs. (1985)
    • ATD Rotterdam (1990s)
    • Dokkum class minesweepers (1954)
    • Alkmaar class minesweepers (1982)
    Hellenic Navy Hellenic Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Hydra class FFs (1990)
    • Greek cold war Subs
    • Greek Amphibious ships
    • Greek MTBs/FACs
    • Greek Patrol Vessels
    Eire Irish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Eithne class PBs (1983)
    • Cliona class PBs
    • Deidre/Emer class PBs
    • Orla class fast PBs
    Marina Militare Marina Militare ☍ See the Page
      Aircraft Carriers
    • Giuseppe Garibaldi (1983)
    • Conte di Cavour (2004)*
    • Trieste (2022)*
    • Cruisers
    • Missile cruiser Garibaldi (1960)
    • Doria class H. cruisers (1962)
    • Vittorio Veneto (1969)
    • Destroyers

    • Impetuoso class (1956)
    • Impavido class (1957)
    • Audace class (1971)
    • De La Penne class (1989)
    • Orizzonte class (2007)*
    • Frigates
    • Grecale class (1949)
    • Canopo class (1955)
    • Bergamini class (1960)
    • Alpino class (1967)
    • Lupo class (1976)
    • Maestrale class (1981)
    • Bergamini class (2013)*
    • Thaon di Revel class (2020)*
    • Corvettes (OPV)
    • Albatros class (1954)
    • De Cristofaro class (1965)
    • Minerva class (1987)
    • Cassiopeia class (1989)
    • Esploratore class (1997)*
    • Sirio class (2003)*
    • Commandanti class (2004)*
    • Submarines
    • Toti class (1967)
    • Sauro class (1976)
    • Pelosi class (1986)
    • Sauro class (1992)*
    • Todaro class (2006)*
    • Attack/Amphibious ships
    • San Giorgio LSD (1987)
    • Gorgona class CTS (1987)
    • Italian Landing Crafts (1947-2020)
    • Misc. ships
    • Folgore PB (1952)
    • Lampo class PBs (1960)
    • Freccia class PBs (1965)
    • Sparviero class GMHF (1973)
    • Stromboli class AOR (1975)
    • Anteo SRS (1980)
    • Etna class LSS (1988)
    • Vulcano AOR (1998)*
    • Elettra EWSS (2003)*
    • Etna AOR (2021)*
    • Mine warfare ships
    • Lerici class (1982)
    • Gaeta class (1992)*
    Marine Française Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
      Battleships
    • Jean Bart (1949)
    • Aircraft/Helicopter carriers
    • Dixmude (1946)
    • Arromanches (1946)
    • Lafayette class light carriers (1954)
    • PA 28 class project (1947)
    • Clemenceau class (1957)
    • Jeanne d'Arc (1961)
    • PA 58 (1958)
    • PH 75/79 (1975)
    • Charles de Gaulle (1994)

    • Cruisers
    • De Grasse (1946)
    • Chateaurenault class (1950)
    • Colbert (1956)

    • Destroyers
    • Surcouf class (1953)
    • Duperre class (1956)
    • La Galissonniere class (1960)
    • Suffren class (1965)
    • Aconit (1970)
    • Tourville class (1972)
    • G. Leygues class (1976)
    • Cassard class (1985)

    • Frigates
    • Le Corse class (1952)
    • Le Normand class (1954)
    • Cdt Riviere class (1958)
    • Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
    • Lafayette class (1990)

    • Corvettes
    • Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
    • Floreal class (1990)

    • Submarines
    • La Creole class (1940)
    • Narval class (1954)
    • Arethuse class (1957)
    • Daphne class (1959)
    • Gymnote test SSBN (1964)
    • Le Redoutable SSBN (1967)
    • Agosta SSN (1974)
    • Rubis SSN (1979)
    • Amethyste SSN (1988)
    • Le Triomphant SSBN (started 1989)

    • Amphibian Ships
    • Issole (1958)
    • EDIC class (1958)
    • Trieux class (1958)
    • Ouragan lass (1963)
    • Champlain lass (1973)
    • Bougainville (1986)
    • Foudre class (1988)
    • CDIC lass (1989)

    • Misc. ships
    • Le Fougueux class (1958)
    • La Combattante class (1964)
    • Trident class (1976)
    • L'Audacieuse class (1984)
    • Grebe class (1989)
    • Sirius class (1952)
    • Circe class (1972)
    • Eridan class (1979)
    • Vulcain class (1986)
    RCAN RCAN ☍ See the Page
    • HCMS Bonaventure (1957)
    • St Laurent class DDE (1951)
    • Algonquin class DDE (1952)
    • Restigouche class DDs (1954)
    • Mackenzie class DDs (1961)
    • Annapolis class DDH (1963)
    • Iroquois class DDH (1970)

    • River (mod) 1955
    • Tribal class FFs (Pjct)
    • City class DDH (1988)

    • Ojibwa class sub. (1964)
    • Kingston class MCFV (1995)
    Royal Navy Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cold War Aircraft Carriers
    • Centaur class (1947)
    • HMS Victorious (1957)
    • HMS Eagle (1946)
    • HMS Ark Royal (1950)
    • HMS Hermes (1953)
    • CVA-01 class (1966 project)
    • Invincible class (1977)

    • Cold War Cruisers
    • Tiger class (1945)

    • Destroyers
    • Daring class (1949)
    • 1953 design (project)
    • Cavendish class (1944)
    • Weapon class (1945)
    • Battle class (1945)
    • FADEP program (1946)
    • County class GMD (1959)
    • Bristol class GMD (1969)
    • Sheffield class GMD (1971)
    • Manchester class GMD (1980)
    • Type 43 GMD (1974)

    • British cold-war Frigates
    • Rapid class (1942)
    • Tenacious class (1941)
    • Whitby class (1954)
    • Blackwood class (1953)
    • Leopard class (1954)
    • Salisbury class (1953)
    • Tribal class (1959)
    • Rothesay class (1957)
    • Leander class (1961)
    • BB Leander class (1967)
    • HMS Mermaid (1966)
    • Amazon class (1971)
    • Broadsword class (1976)
    • Boxer class (1981)
    • Cornwall class (1985)
    • Duke class (1987)

    • British cold war Submarines
    • T (conv.) class (1944)
    • T (Stream) class (1945)
    • A (Mod.) class (1944)
    • Explorer class (1954)
    • Strickleback class (1954)
    • Porpoise class (1956)
    • Oberon class (1959)
    • HMS Dreanought SSN (1960)
    • Valiant class SSN (1963)
    • Resolution class SSBN (1966)
    • Swiftsure class SSN (1971)
    • Trafalgar class SSN (1981)
    • Upholder class (1986)
    • Vanguard class SSBN (started)

    • Assault ships
    • Fearless class (1963)
    • HMS Ocean (started)
    • Sir Lancelot LLS (1963)
    • Sir Galahad (1986)
    • Ardennes/Avon class (1976)
    • Brit. LCVPs (1963)
    • Brit. LCM(9) (1980)

    • Minesweepers/layers
    • Ton class (1952)
    • Ham class (1947)
    • Ley class (1952)
    • HMS Abdiel (1967)
    • HMS Wilton (1972)
    • Hunt class (1978)
    • Venturer class (1979)
    • River class (1983)
    • Sandown class (1988)

    • Misc. ships
    • HMS Argus ATS (1988)
    • Ford class SDF (1951)
    • Cormorant class (1985)
    • Kingfisger class (1974)
    • HMS Jura OPV (1975)
    • Island class OPVs (1976)
    • HMS Speedy PHDF (1979)
    • Castle class OPVs (1980)
    • Peacock class OPVs (1982)
    • MBT 538 class (1948)
    • Gay class FACs (1952)
    • Dark class FACs (1954)
    • Bold class FACs (1955)
    • Brave class FACs (1957)
    • Tenacity class PCs (1967)
    • Brave class FPCs (1969)
    Armada de espanola - Spanish cold war navy Spanish Armada ☍ See the Page
    • Dédalo aircraft carrier (1967)
    • Principe de Asturias (1982)

    • Alava class DDs (1946)
    • Audaz class DDs (1955)
    • Oquendo class DDs (1956)
    • Roger de Lauria class (1967)

    • Baleares class FFs (1971)
    • Descubierta class FFs (1978)
    • Numancia class FFs (1987)

    • Pizarro class gunboats (1944)
    • Artevida class Cvs (1952)
    • Serviola class Cvs (1990)
    • Spanish cold-war submarines
    • Spanish FACs
    • Spanish Minesweepers
    Svenska Marinen Svenska Marinen ☍ See the Page
    • Tre Kronor class (1946)
    • Öland class DDs (1945)
    • Halland class DDs (1952) (1945)
    • Ostergotland class DDs (1956)
    • Spica III class Corvettes (1984)
    • Goteborg class Corvettes (1989)

    • U1 class subs (mod.1963)
    • Hajen class subs (1954)
    • Sjoormen class subs (1967)
    • Nacken class subs (1978)
    • Vastergotland class subs (1986)
    • Gotland class subs (1995)

    • T32 class MTBs (1951)
    • T42 class MTBs (1955)
    • Plejad class FACs (1951)
    • Spica I class FACs (1966)
    • Spica II class FACs (1972)
    • Hugin class FACs (1973)
    • Swedish Patrol Boats
    • Swedish minesweepers
    • Swedish Icebreakers
    Taiwanese Navy Taiwanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
    • Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
    • Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
    • LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
    • Fuh Chow class FAC
    • Lung Chiang class FAC
    • Hai Ou class FAC(M)
    • MWW 50 class minehunters
    Turkish Navy Turkish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Berk class FFs (1971)
    • Atilay class sub. (1974)
    • Cakabey class LST
    • Osman Gazi class LST
    • Turkish Fast Attack Crafts
    • Turkish Patrol Boats
    US Navy USN (cold war) ☍ See the Page

    ☯ ASIA

    Chinese Navy ☍ See the Page
    Indian Navy Indian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Vikrant class CVs (1961)
    • Viraat class CVs (1986)

    • Cruiser Delhi (1948)
    • Cruiser Mysore (1957)
    • Raja class DDs (1949)
    • Rajput class DDs (1980)
    • Delhi class DDs (1990)

    • Khukri class FFs (1956)
    • Talwar class FFs (1958)
    • Brahmaputra class FFs (1957)
    • Nilgiri class FFs (1968)
    • Godavari class FFs (1980)

    • Kusura class subs (1970)
    • Shishumar class subs (1984)
    • Sindhugosh class subs (1986)

    • Indian Amphibious ships
    • Indian corvettes (1969-90)
    • Khukri class corvettes (1989)
    • SDB Mk.2 class PBs (1977)
    • Vikram class OPVs (1979)
    • Sukanya class OPVs (1989)
    Indonesia Indonesian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Fatahilla class Frigates (1977)
    • Pattimura class corvettes (1956)
    • Indonesian Marines
    • Indonesian Mine Vessels
    • Indonesian FAC/OPVs
    JMSDF JMSDF ☍ See the Page
      JMSDF Destroyers
    • Harukaze class DD (1955)
    • Ayanami class DD (1957)
    • Murasame class DD (1958)
    • Akizuki class DD (1959)
    • Amatukaze missile DD (1963)
    • Yamagumo class DDE (1965)
    • Takatsuki class DD (1966)
    • Minegumo class DDE (1967)
    • Haruna class DDH (1971)
    • Tachikaze class DD (1974)
    • Shirane class DDH (1978)
    • Hatsuyuki class DDs (1980)
    • Hatakaze class DDs (1984)
    • Asigiri class DDs (1986)
    • Kongo class DDs (started 1990)

    • JMSDF Frigates
    • Akebono class FFs (1955)
    • Isuzu class FFs (1961)
    • Chikugo class FFs (1970)
    • Ishikari class FFs (1980)
    • Yubari class FFs (1982)
    • Abukuma class FFs (1988)

    • JMSDF submarines
    • Oyashio class Sub. (1959)
    • Hayashio class Sub. (1961)
    • Natsushio class Sub. (1963)
    • Oshio class Sub. (1964)
    • Uzushio class Sub. (1970)
    • Yushio class Sub. (1979)
    • Harushio class Sub. (1989)

    • JMSDF Misc. ships
    • Japanese Landing Ships
    • Japanese Large Patrol Ships
    • Japanese Patrol Crafts
    • Japanese Minesweepers
    • Japanese Sub-chasers
    North Korean Navy North Korean Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Najin class Frigates
    • Experimental Frigate Soho
    • Sariwan class Corvettes

    • Sinpo class subs.
    • Sang-O class subs.
    • Yono class subs.
    • Yugo class subs.

    • Hungnam class LCM
    • Hante class LST
    • Songjong class HVC
    • Sin Hung/Ku Song FACs
    • Anju class FACs
    • Iwon class FACs
    • Chaho class FACs
    • Hong Jin class FAC-G
    • Sohung class MTBs
    • Sinpo class MTBs
    • Nampo class FALC
    Philippines Navy Philippines Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Datu Kalantian class Frigates (1976)
    • Bacolod City class LS(L)
    • Philippino Patrol Crafts
    Rep. of Korea Navy ROKN ☍ See the Page
    • Ulsan class frigates (1980)
    • Pohang class corvettes (1984)
    • Dong Hae class corvettes (1982)
    • Han Kang class patrol corvettes (1985)
    • Chamsuri (PKM 268) PBs (1978)
    • ROKS coast guard vessels
    • Paek Ku class FAC (1975)
    • Kang Keong class minehunters (1986)
    Taiwanese Navy Taiwanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
    • Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
    • Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
    • LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
    • Fuh Chow class FAC
    • Lung Chiang class FAC
    • Hai Ou class FAC(M)
    • MWW 50 class minehunters

    ☪ MIDDLE EAST

    Israeli Navy IDF Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Eilat class Corvettes (1993)
    • SAAR 5 Project
    • SAAR 1 FAC
    • SAAR 4 FAC
    • SAAR 4.5 FAC
    • Dvora class FAC
    • Shimrit class MHFs
    • IDF FACs/PBs
    • Etzion Geber LST
    • Ash class LCT
    Iranian Navy Iranian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Destroyer Artemiz (1965)
    • Bayandor class FFs (1963)
    • Alvand class FFs (1969)
    • Khalije Fars class DDs (2016)*

    ♅ OCEANIA

    Australian Navy RAN ☍ See the Page
    • HMAS Sydney (1948*)
    • HMAS Melbourne (1955*)
    • Tobruk class DDs (1947)
    • Voyager class DDs (1952)
    • Perth class MDD (1963)
    • Quadrant class FFs (1953)
    • Yarra class FFs (1958)
    • Swan class FFs (1967)
    • Adelaide class MFFs (1978)
    • Anzac class MFFs (1990s)
    • Oxley class subs (1965)
    • Collins class subs (1990s)
    • Australian Amphibious ships
    • Fremantle class PBs
    RNZN Royal New Zealand Navy ☍ See the Page
    • HMNZS Royalist (1956)
    • Pukaki class patrol Crafts (1974)
    • Moa class patrol crafts (1983)
    • HMNZS Aotearoa (2019)*

    ☩ South America

    Armada de argentina Argentina ☍ See the Page
    • ARA Independencia (1958)
    • ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (1968)
    • Belgrano class cruisers (1951)
    • Almirante Brown class Frigates (1981)
    • Mantilla class corvettes (1981)
    • Espora class corvettes (1982)
    • Salta class submarines (1972)
    • Santa Cruz class submarines (1982)
    Brazilian Navy Brazilian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Minas Gerais aircraft carrier (1956)
    • Cruiser Barroso (1951)
    • Cruiser Tamandare (1951)
    • Acre class destroyers (1945)
    • Niteroi class Frigates (1974)
    • Ihnauma class Frigate (1986)
    • Tupi class submarines (1987)
    • Brazilian patrol ships
    Chilean Navy Chilean Navy ☍ See the Page
    • O'Higgins class cruisers
    • Lattore Cruiser (1971)
    • Almirante class destroyers (1960)
    • Prat class M. Destroyers (1982)
    • Almirante Lynch class Frigates (1972)
    • Thomson class subs (1982)
    • Small surface combatants
    Peruvian Navy Peruvian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Almirante Grau(ii) class
    • Almirante Grau(iii) class
    • Abtao class sub.
    • PR-72P class corvettes
    • Velarde class OPVs

    ℣ AFRICA

    Egyptian Navy Egyptian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • October class FAC/M (1975)
    • Ramadan class FAC/M (1979)
    SADF South African Navy ☍ See the Page
    ☫ Minor cold war/modern Navies Algerian NavyAzerbaijani NavyBangladesh NavyBarheini NavyBolivian NavyCambodian NavyComoros NavyCosta Rica NavyCroatian NavyCuban NavyDjibouti NavyDominican Republic NavyEquadorian NavyEstonian NavyEthiopian NavyFinnish NavyGeorgian NavyHaitian NavyHonduras NavyIcelandic NavyIraqi NavyJordanian NavyKuwaiti NavyLatvian NavyLebanese NavyLiberian NavyLibyan NavyLithuanian NavyMauritanian NavyMexican NavyMorrocan NavyNicaraguan NavyNorwegian NavyOmani NavyPakistani NavyParaguaian NavyQatari NavySan Salvador NavySaudi NavySerbian NavySingaporean NavySlovenian NavySomalian NavySudanese NavySyrian NavyThai NavyTunisian NavyUAE NavyUruguayan NavyVenezuelan NavyVietnamese NavyYemeni NavyZanzibar Navy

    ✚ MORE

    ⚔ Cold War Naval Events
    • ⚔ Indochina War naval ops
    • ⚔ Korean War naval ops
    • ⚔ 1956 intervention in Suez
    • ⚔ 1960 Cuban crisis
    • ⚔ 1960 US/Soviet compared strenghts
    • ⚔ 1963-69 Algerian war naval ops
    • ⚔ Naval warfare in Vietnam
    • ⚔ Middle East naval fights
    • ⚔ 1980 Falkland wars
    • ⚔ 1990 Gulf War
    ⚔ Modern Navies
    ✈ Cold War Naval Aviation See the full section
    Seaplanes
    • Grumman Mallard 1946
    • Edo OSE-1 1946
    • Short Solent 1946

    • de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver 1947
    • Grumman Albatross 1947
    • Hughes H-4 Hercules (completed & first flight, prototype)
    • Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 1947 (jet fighter seaplane prototype)
    • Short Sealand 1947

    • Martin P5M Marlin 1948
    • Supermarine Seagull ASR-1 1948 (prototype successor to the Walrus)
    • Nord 1400 Noroit 1949
    • Norsk Flyindustri Finnmark 5A (interesting Norwegian prototype)
    • SNCASE SE-1210 French prototype flying boat 1949

    • Convair R3Y Tradewind USN patrol flying boat 1950
    • Goodyear Drake (proto seaboat) 1950
    • de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter 1951 (RCAN)
    • Saunders-Roe Princess 1952 (RN requisition possible)

    • Convair F2Y Sea Dart Prototype delta jet fighter seaplane 1953
    • Martin P6M SeaMaster strategic bomber flying boat 1955

    • Ikarus Kurir H 1957

    • Shin Meiwa UF-XS prototype 1962
    • Shin Meiwa PS-1 patrol flying boat 1967
    • Canadair CL-215 1967 water bomber, some operated by the RCAN
    • GAF Nomad patrol australian land/floatplane 1971
    • Harbin SH-5 Main PLAN patrol flying boat 1976
    • Cessna 208 Caravan transport flotplane (some navies) 1982
    • Dornier Seastar prototype 1984

    • Patrol Planes
    • ATR 42 MP Surveyor (Italy, 1984)
    • ATR 72 MP (Italy 1988)

    • ATR 72 ASW (France, 1988)
    • Breguet Atlantic (France 1965)
    • Nord 1402 Noroit (France 1949)

    • Avro Shackleton (UK 1949)
    • BAE Nimrod MRA4 (UK 2004)
    • Britten-Norman Defender/Islander (UK 1970)
    • Fairey Gannet (UK 1949)
    • Hawker-Siddeley Nimrod (UK 1967)

    • Beechcraft King Air (USA 1963)
    • Basler BT-67 (USA 1990)
    • Boeing 737 Surveiller (USA 1967)
    • Boeing P-8 Poseidon (USA 2009)
    • Lockheed P-2 Neptune (USA, 1945)
    • Lockheed P-3 Orion (USA 1959)
    • Martin P4M Mercator (USA 1946)
    • Convair P5Y (USA 1950)
    • Douglas/BSAS Turbo Dakota (USA 1991)

    • Bombardier DHC-8 MPA/MSA (Can 2007)
    • Canadair CP-107 Argus (Can 1957)

    • CASA C-212 MPA (Spain 1971)
    • CASA/IPTN CN-235 MPA/HC-144 Ocean Sentry (Spain 1983)
    • CASA C-295 MPA (Spain 1997)

    • Diamond DA42 Guardian (Austria 2002)

    • Dornier 228 (Germany 1981)

    • Embraer EMB 111 Bandeirante (Brazil 1968)
    • Embraer R-99 (Brazil 2001)
    • Embraer P-99 (Brazil 2003)

    • Fokker F27 200-MAR (NL 1955)
    • Fokker F27 Maritime Enforcer (NL 1955)

    • IAI 1124N Sea Scan (Israel 1977)

    • Kawasaki P-1 (Japan 2007)
    • Kawasaki P-2J (Japan 1966)

    • Saab Swordfish (Sweden 2016)
    • Shaanxi Y-8F,Q,X (China 1984)
    • Short Seavan (UK 1976)

    • Beriev Be-8 1947
    • Beriev Be-6 1949
    • Beriev R-1 turbojet prototype seaplane 1952
    • Beriev Be-10 1956
    • Beriev Be-12 Chaika 1960
    • Beriev Be-40/A-40 Albatross prototypes 1986
    • Chetverikov TA-1 1947
    • Ilyushin Il-38 'May' (USSR 1967)
    • Myasishchev 3M/3MD (USSR 1956)
    • Tupolev Tu-16T/PL/R/RM/SP (USSR 1952)
    • Tupolev Tu-95MR (USSR 1961)
    • Tupolev Tu-142 (USSR 1968)

    • Carrier Planes
      USN
    • Douglas A-3 Skywarrior
    • Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
    • Douglas A2D Skyshark
    • Douglas AD Skyraider
    • Douglas F3D Skynight
    • Douglas F4D Skyray
    • Grumman A-6 Intruder
    • Grumman AF Guardian
    • Grumman C-1 Trader
    • Grumman C-2 Greyhound
    • Grumman E-1 Tracer
    • Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
    • Grumman EA-6B Prowler
    • Grumman F-9 Cougar
    • Grumman F9F Panther
    • Grumman F-11 Tiger
    • Grumman F-14 Tomcat ➚
    • Grumman S-2 Tracker
    • Lockheed Martin F-35B
    • Lockheed S-3 Viking ➚
    • McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
    • McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk
    • McDonnell FH Phantom
    • McDonnell F2H Banshee
    • McDonnell F3H Demon
    • McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B Harrier II
    • McDonnell-Douglas F/A-18 Hornet
    • North American A-5 Vigilante
    • North American AJ Savage
    • North American FJ Fury
    • North American T-2 Buckeye
    • North American T-28 Trojan
    • Vought A-7 Corsair
    • Vought F-8 Crusader
    • Vought F6U Pirate
    • Vought F7U Cutlass
    • Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
    • Boeing EA-18G Growler
    • RN
    • Blackburn Buccaneer
    • Boulton Paul Sea Balliol
    • BAe Sea Harrier
    • de Havilland Sea Vampire
    • de Havilland Sea Venom
    • de Havilland Sea Vixen
    • Fairey Gannet
    • Hawker Sea Hawk
    • Short Seamew
    • Westland Wyvern
    • Marine Nationale
    • Breguet Alizé
    • Dassault Étendard IV
    • Dassault Super Étendard
    • Dassault Rafale M
    • Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr M
    • SNCASE Aquilon
    • Soviet Navy
    • Sukhoi Su-25UTG/UBP
    • Sukhoi Su-33
    • Yakovlev Yak-38

    Navy Helicopters
      Chinese PLAN:
    • Harbin Z-5 (1958)
    • Harbin Z-9 Haitun (1981)
    • Changhe Z-8 (1985)
    • Harbin Z-20 (in development)
    • Italy:
    • Agusta Bell AB-205 (1961)
    • Agusta Bell AB-212 (1971)
    • Agusta AS-61 (1968)
    • India:
    • Hal Dhruv (Indian Navy)
    • France:
    • Alouette II (1955)
    • Alouette III (1959)
    • Super Frelon (1965)

    • Cougar ()
    • Panther ()
    • Super Cougar H225M ()
    • Fennec ()
    • MH-65 Dolphin ()
    • UH-72 Lakota ()
    • Germany:
    • MBB Bo 105 (1967)
    • NHIndustries NH90
    • Japan:
    • Mitsubishi H-60 (1987)
    • Poland:
    • PZL W-3 Sokół (1979)
    • Romania:
    • IAR 330M (1975)
    • United Kingdom:
    • Westland Lynx (1971)
    • Westland Scout (1960) RAN
    • Westland Sea King (1969)
    • Westland Wasp (1962)
    • Westland Wessex (1958)
    • Westland Whirlwind (1953)
    • Westland WS-51 Dragonfly (1948)
    • USA:
    • Gyrodyne QH-50 DASH
    • Hiller ROE Rotorcycle (1956)
    • Piasecki HRP Rescuer (1945)
    • Bell UH-1N Twin Huey (1969)
    • SH-2 Seasprite (1959)
    • SH-2G Super Seasprite (1982)
    • CH-53 Sea Stallion (1966)
    • SH-60 Seahawk (1979)
    • Sikorsky S-61R (1959)
    • MH-53E Sea Dragon (1974)
    • ussr:
    • Kamov Ka 20 (1958)
    • Ka-25 "Hormone" (1960)
    • Ka-27 "Helix" (1973)
    • Ka-31 (1987)
    • Ka-35 (2015)
    • Ka-40 (1990)
    • Mil-Mi 2 (1949)
    • Mil Mi-4 (1952)
    Civilian ♆ WW1 US Shipping Board
    MORE !