Katori class cruisers (1939)

Japanese Navy Heavy Cruisers Katori, Kashima, Kashii.

Katori class cruisers (1939)

Japanese Navy Heavy Cruisers Katori, Kashima, Kashii.

The IJN school cruisers

The three Katori class light cruisers, Katori, Kashima and Kashii had been designed as training cruisers in peacetime, that could take on in wartime the role of destroyers and submarine leaders. Design-wise they were short but beamy, slow, under-armed, and regarded in general of low military value. The antithesis of a Nachi class. Nevertheless in 1941 they were pressed into first line service anyway, engaged in combat with a revised AA, extra 76 mm mounts and no less than twenty five 25 mm AA, while their torpedo tubes were removed to save weight. This AA artillery was further increased and the catapult dismounted in turn. In Combat, IJN Katori was damaged near Truk, finished off by US Navy aircraft in April 1944, Kashii torpedoed and sunk by TBM Avenger in the China Sea (January 1945), but Kashima survived the war in home waters, eventually broken up in 1947.

Design development of the Katori class ()

The Katori-gata renshū-jun'yōkan (香取型練習巡洋艦) or Katori class training cruisers originally came from the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) need to have dedicated, modern training ships in the FY1937 and FY1939 Supplementary Naval budgets. The Pacific War saw them used as administrative flagships for several fleets, submarine command and control vessels and and command escort squadrons. Emphasis in the design was put on accomodation and versatility rather than ofenssive capabilities. They were upgraded as the war progressed, but their core design was certainly not favoring first-line duties. In 1935, the IJN had no shortage of potential training ships. With the Washington treaty, some vessels had been relegated to training roles: IJN Yodo (1907), Yahagi, Hirado, all discarded in 1940 were used for subsidiary duties and mobilizable as training ships, the aicraft carrier Hosho was basically used also as training carrier in 1940. The largest capital ship still on duty was the IJN Settsu, since 1924 used as a disarmed target ship, and used for training aviators in 1940 also. The main TS of the IJN were in fact former armoured cruisers, the four Asama class (1899), IJN Yakumo (1899), Adzuma (1899), and the Kasuga class (1902). But indeed, there was no purpose-built modern training ship in service with the IJN.In 1936, it was felt the ageing cruisers needed replacement, and that three modern training ships could replace at least the Asama class vessels. A basic design was studied that year, based on sepcifications, then the lead ship was ordered in the 1937 Supplementary Naval budget. These purpose-designed ships were specifically to train officers (cadets) differed from regular cruisers in many aspects. Cost-issues forced a construction to commercial standards (something familiar to us today). Armament was kept minimal and in fact comprised a destroyer-grade main armament, easier to manage, the minimum of torpedo tubes for training (twin banks) and samples of secondary and tertiary artillery. Emphasis was placed instead on facilities, for command & control. Not only they had pkenty of internal space to accomodate many cadets, their instructors, but also all the necessary amenities to a command staff, in addition to the regular ship's staff, the captain, officers, and men required to run the ship. This imposed a vessel not tailored for speed but clearly to house a very large crew and act as a mobile base.

Detailed Design, as built

One most striking aspect of these were their high freeboard and compact size. They were beamy, at 1/7 ratio, for greater initial stability. It was ideal not to have trainees unfamiliar with lives at sea not sick for weeks. Katori were the only IJN cruisers with a mixed plant, with steam turbine alongside diesel propulsion, mated on the same two shafts. They were intended to maximize the ships' instructional value also for the machinery size, while still procuring a better range than usual, rather than speed. they had a combined output of 6,000 kW (8,000 shp) capping them to 18 knots (33 km/h), way too slow for cruiser duties, but more for shore patrols or gunboat duties.The total inboar personal, in addition to the main crew, was to include 375 cadets, 200 future combat officers and navigators, 100 mechanics, 50 Commissariat officers, 25 doctors. Later, this was reduced to 275. They were supplemented by 315 officers and the crew of the cruiser for a total of 590 people, which required large accomodations.Living conditions of the crew and cadets indeed far exceeded usual living conditions of the average IJN cruiser. Officers, cadets and lower ranks were housed separately, and special attention was paid to creating classrooms for cadets. In addition, reinforcing their possiblke use as floating HQ in wartime, the rooms could be converted quickly to officers, extra communication systems added, and the ships also had so well-equipped medical rooms that crews from other ships nearby when stationed closed, sent their injured men aboard.A 2-views of IJN Katori in 1944A 2-views of IJN Katori in 1944

Construction



Detailed plans. Src wargaming forums.They displaced 5,890 long tons (5,985 t) normal and 6,180 long tons (6,279 t) fully loaded, for a length of 129.77 m (425 ft 9 in), a beam of 15.95 m (52 ft 4 in) and draught of 5.75 m (18 ft 10 in). A fourth ship was planned, Kashihara (橿原) ordered to Mitsubishi at Yokohama. Laid down on 23 August 1941, construction was stopped on 6 November 1941, and she was later scrapped.The name of the Kashii was taken from "Kashii-Gu", one of the Shinto shrine for Emperor Chūai and Emperres Jingū (mythological) on Fukuoka city.On 24 August 1938, IJN Katori was laid down at Yokohama, at Mitsubishi's shipyard as "Cruiser No. 72". On 31 March 1939 she is Named KATORI, namesake of the previous KATORI-class light cruisers and provisionally attached to Yokosuka Naval District. On 17 June 1939 she is Launched during well-attended ceremony. On 1 July 1939 Captain (later Vice Admiral) Miyazato Shutoku (40)(former CO of NAKA) is appointed Chief Equipping Officer (CEO) for her completion, but full time CO on 25 September 1939, replaced on November 1939: by Captain Ichioka Hisashi (formerly on IJN YURA) while still commanding her sister KASHIMA until 10 March 1940. Captain Miyazato becomes full time CO on the repair ship AKASHI later.IJN Kashii is ordered and laid down on 30 May 1940 at Yokohama, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Shipyard as "Vessel No. 101", she is launched named on 14 February 1941 and on 1st April 1941 Captain Iwabuchi Sanji became her Chief Equipping Officer (CEO), supervising her completion. She is at last completed on 15 July 1941 while Iwabuchi became her first captain.

Powerplant

Powerplant details and internal subdivisions.The Katori class shared a two shaft arangement, with geared steam turbines, plus diesel motors for extra range. The Turbines were fed by three Kampon admiralty double-ended VTE HP boilers and the whole powerplant was rated at 8,000 shp (6,000 kW). To be more precise, these were two Kampon 10 mod.22 four-stroke 10-cylinder diesel engines, and two Kampon steam turbines with Kansei Hoanbu steam boiler in separate rooms. The turbines and diesel engines were linked by a hydraulic transmission, and each pair ran on its own shaft with a propeller. This class carried 600 tons of fuel, divided into 380 tons of oil and 160 tons of diesel. This gave this type a range of 7,000 nautical miles at a speed of 12 knots. The maximum speed of 18 knots was reached at 280 rpm, 8,000 hp from the turbines. This was combining the diesels (3,600 hp) with the turbines (4,400 hp). Economical run was avilable from the turbines also, reaching 13 knots at 200 rpm (2500 HP), or the diesel engines alone (12 knots, 180 rpm, 2000 HP).The top speed of 18 knots (21 mph; 33 km/h) was acceptable for a school ship, and for escort, less for fleet operations. Range however was expectedly comfortable with 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h) thanks to the diesels.

Protection

The Katori class being schoolships, not expected to meet frontline action, protection was kept at a bare minimal. Gun turrets were protected by just 10 mm (0.4 in) and the conning tower had walls the same thickness. There was no belt nor armor deck. The rest of the ship, apart 6mm hardeneded steel for the external skin and internal framing, the rest was in mild steel. There was however a strong internal, underwater subdivision and compartimentation to mitigate the effect of a torpedo hit.

Armament

The main armament of each ship was the same type used on the light cruiser Yūbari, in "A" and "Y" positions. There was just a pair of 127 mm (5 in) AA guns in "X" position and two pairs of 25 mm AA guns, two pairs of torpedo tubes, 533 mm (21.0 in) Type 96 torpedoes. Four 140 mm (5.5 in)/50 cal. guns in twin turrets, twin 127 mm (5 in)/40 cal. DP guns, four Type 96 25mm AA guns (later increased to 30), eight single 13.2 mm (0.52 in) AA guns, two twin 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes. They carried also four single 50 mm saluting guns. They also had a catapult mounted amidships, and single Aichi E13A floatplane, but no hangar. This was basically a "sampling" of all the light to medium ordnance on the IJN.Note that armament details diverged between ships: IJN Katori and Kashima: had two twin 140/50 3-shiki, a single twin 127mm/40 89-shiki, two twin 25mm/60 96-shiki, and two twin 533mm TT banks while IJN Kashii had the same but four twin 25mm/60 96-shiki, and a different seaplane, a single F1M2 "Pete".

Twin 140mm/50 Type 3 turrets

Called the "50 caliber 3rd Year Type 14 cm Gun" in Japanese Ordnance, these were also called by the US intel 5.5"/50 (14 cm) 3rd Year Type. Same turrets used on the venerable IJN Yubari in 1924 already. This was an antiquated model, standard secondary gun for 1915 to 1922 capital ships and main gun on light cruisers before 1930 (Tenryû, Kuma, Nagara, Sendai), quite also common in coastal defense works. It was adopted as easier to manage for the average Japanese crewmen commpared to the 6-in caliber, for its lighter shells (83.8 lbs. (38.0 kg)) in 1914. These guns used Welin screw breech-blocks.Performances: 6-10 rounds per minute, mv 2,805 fps (855 mps), 22,500 yards (20,574 m) range at 35° elevation A2 twin mounts, Barrel Life 500-600 Rounds, circa 200 rounds in supply per barrel. Elevates at 6 degrees per second, 4 degrees per second for traverse. Loading up to 20°, by hand ramming.Note, for the DP 5-in/40, 25mm and 13mm details are provided in the naval gunnery encyclopedia (check the links above).

Twin 533mm Torpedo Tubes

Twin TTs were a rarity but on early IJN light cruisers such as the Kuma class. The torpedo type concerned were the famous Type 96 "Long Lance".IJN Kashii as rearmed in 1944

Onboard aviation

kawanihsi e7kKatori in 1940. Note the Kawanishi E7K on catapult. Scr: The blueprints.comIt seems they were given successively the Kawanishi E7K “Alf” (1934), Aichi E13A and the Mitsubishi F1M in 1941. They were equipped with a powder-propelled catapult Kure Type 2 Mod. 5 installed amidship. The gooseneck crane of the mainmast was used to retreive them. But there was no hangar.Kawanishi E7K-2 on IJN Kashii, Burma 1942Mitsubishi F1M2 "Pete". One was operated on IJN Kashii in 1940, unlike her sisters, which has the Kawanishi/Nakajima. This is not the current livery presented here. Can't find any photos.Note that a source also states the A6M2-N "rufe" was also operated in 1944, but it's dubious at best.IJN Kashii in 1944 (the blueprints.com) showing an Aichi E13A on catapult. Both would be removed the same year.

Modernizations

IJN Katori
Author's HD profile illustration, IJN Katori as builtIn mid-1942, Katori and Kashima: received the addition of two twin 25mm/60 Type 96 AA mounts. By April 1944 Kashii had her twin 533mm TT banks removed as well as her catapult and seaplane and in addition gained two extra twin 127mm/40 Type 89 and four triple 25mm/60 Type 96 as well as four DCT, and two DCR for a total pf 300 depht charges and a Type 1 2-go radar. In January 1945 the survivor IJN Kashima had her twin TT banks removed, catapult and seaplane but gained also two twin 127mm/40 Type 89 DP guns and four triple 25mm/60 Type 96 and well as ten single mount 25mm/60 and for ASW escort, four DCT, two DCR and 100 depht charges in reserve and a Type 2, 2-go radar.To go with their ASW armament, they were given also the following:-A Type 93 Mod 2 hydrophone-An active acoustic station Type 93 Mod 3;-A Radar detection set Type 21 Mod 2 for aerial targets;-A Type 22 Mod 4 radar for surface target detection;-Two Type 2 infrared projectors.

Assessment of the class

The design of the Katori class was not even fine for school ships. They were modern, and yet carried old 140 mm models that were no longer relevant. A better choice would have been for example two twin turrets with 8-in guns or 6-in guns, or better, a mix of two with a forward 6-in and aft 8-in, then two 140 mm in single mounts to have a full sampling. By default of armor this armament at least would have made them more valuable in a military role. They were assuredly just too weak and too slow for any frontline role.Career-wise, Katori served at first with the sixth Fleet, based at Kwajalein. On 1 February 1942, was attacked by torpedo-bombers from USS Enterprise, and sustained damage. Repaired at Yokosuka. During the American attack on Truk on 17–18 February 1944, was attacked by aircraft and hit by a torpedo. Several hours later was attacked again, and sunk by 16-inch (406mm) shells from USS Iowa (BB-61). No survivors were recovered. Struck from the Navy List 31 March 1944.Kashii was flagship of the Fourth Fleet based at Truk. In 1942 covered the landings at Rabaul and Kavieng, Tulagi and Port Moresby, Rabaul, and New Guinea. In late 1943 reassigned to the Kure Training Division. In dry-dock from November 1943 until January 1944. Served as a transport ship, and modified for the anti-submarine role in late 1944. Struck from the Navy List on 5 October 1945. After the war used as a repatriation transport. Thus, she was the only one to survive the war, scrapped in 1947.ONI depiction of the class (US Naval Intel).Kashima was assigned to the Southern Expeditionary Fleet in 1941. In 1942 participated in the invasion of North Sumatra and Burma. In 1943 made transport runs carrying troops and supplies. In 1944 modified for anti-submarine warfare. On 12 January 1945, was attacked by US aircraft, was hit by a torpedo, then two bombs, and sank. Only 19 of 621 aboard were saved.So, they were indeed pressed into active service by default of something else, and a bit like the old Tenryu and Kuma class, posted at flagship and command ships or escorts of amphibious forces in 1942, and used in mixed roles outside regular operations of the IJN. Katori was never supposed to have been caught by US warhips, less so the strongest capital ship in the USN inventory, it was just a completely one-side fight to start with.The loss of Kashima was not due to a lack of care in posting but rather the general context in 1944. Despite their AA, domination of the sky practically became uncontested by the USN, and despite her AA, not IJN warhip was immune to now experienced air crews. Unlike Yamato it's not surprising she succumbed after just an airborne torpedo and two bombs. IJN Kashii only survived thanks to more "cushy" assignations in her career. She escaped in 1944-45 both air and submarine attacks, only thanks to her auxiliary roles, making her escape IJN concentrations.
IJN Katori 1944
Author illustration 2 views, Katori in 1944

Specifications

Displacement 5,890 t. standard -6 500 t. Full Load
Dimensions 129.77 m long, 15.96 m wide, 5.75 m draft
Propulsion 2 propellers, 2 turbines, diesel engines, 3 boilers, 80,000 hp.
Top speed 18 knots
Armor Belt 50 mm
Armament 4 x 140 (2 × 2), 1 × 2 76 mm, 4 x 25 mm AA, 4 x 533 mm (2 × 2) TTs, 1 floatplane
Crew 160 + 200 students

The Katori class in action

IJN ww2 IJN Katori

Katori in Saiki Bay, September 1941

With the 6th fleet, early service 1940-42

On 20 April 1940, IJN Katori is fully Completed and attached to Yokosuka Naval District as "special service vessel" with Captain Ichioka in Command. On 15 October he is replaced by Mito Hisashi and on 15 November Katori joins SubRon 1, 6th submarine Fleet as flagship. On 6 January 1941 Captain Owada Noboru takes command and on 11 November Vice Admiral Shimizu Mitsumi is appointed to to command the Sixth Fleet (Submarines) and makes a runion with all commanders onboard his flagship KATORI about the planned attack on Pearl Harbor.On 24 November Katori departs Yokosuka with Vice Admiral Shimizu aboard, and on the 28th, while 160 miles E of Saipan at 17:00 she sees an American convoy of five transports, escorted by a BROOKLYN-class cruiser passing by. On 1st December 1941 she is in Truk and on the 2nd, the signal "Niitakayama nobore 1208" is received on the whole combined fleet and so she departs for Kwajalein. On 5 December she us in Kwajalein (Marshall) and on the 9th on of her fleet's subs, I-6, reports sighting a LEXINGTON-class aircraft carrier. Vice Admiral Shimizu in KATORI orders all of SubRon 1 boats to chase her off. Later Katori returned to Truk.On 3 January 1942, a conference is held aboard aboard to prepare for Operation "R" (invasions of Rabaul and Kavieng) with promised of support from Vice-Admital Shigeyoshi of the 4th Fleet at Truk. RADM Shima Kiyohide Sentai 19's minelayers and two destroyers would be the close convoy escort.Air cover was provided by Vice Admiral Nagumo's First Air Fleet (Kido Butai) escorted by CruDiv 8, BatDiv 3/1, CruDiv 6 under overall command of Admiral Nagumo.Kaotri departs in January 1942 for Kwajalein and on the 24th Operation "R" commences with a night landing swiftly and occupation of Rabaul and Kavieng.On 1st February 1942, TF 8 (USS ENTERPRISE) raids Kwajalein and Wotje and SBD Dauntless from VB-6, VS-6, TBD Devastators from VT-6 sink a transport and managed to damage KATORI and submarine I-23 as well as the submarine depot ship YASUKUNI MARU while Vice Admiral Shimizu is wounded.On 9 February 1942 she departs Kwajalein to be repaired in Yokosuka until 5 March in drydock. On the 18th, she departs with Vice Admiral Marquis Komatsu Teruhisa aboard to command the Sixth Fleet. On the 20th she is back in Kure.

Inactivity in Truk (1942-44)

Three days kater, she moored Fleet Anchorage E, Iseko Jima, Hiroshima Bay (Hashirajima) and VADM Komatsu is called in a general reunion aboard YAMATO. Captain Ishizaki Noboru of ComSubRon 8 and staffs are breiefed by Admiral Yamamoto about a plan to use midget submarines. On 20 April Katori and its fleet is back to Kure, and on 3 May in Kwajalein, Roi and back. On 1st July Nakaoka Nobuki takes command, and in August 1942 she is overhauled in Yokosuka. On the 24th she is back in Truk and has her floatplane transferred ashore on 8 September. On 28 November Miyazaki Takeji replaced Ishizaki. She made another run at Yokosuka in March-May 1943. Nothing much happens, and on 20 July Captain Minakuchi Hyoe takes command (In October Captain Oda Tamekiyo) while VADM Takeo Takagi took command of the 6th fleet in June.

The raid on Truk

On 31 January 1944 as Operation "Flintlock" (Marshall invasion) takes place, VADM Mitscher's TF 58 lands assaults Kwajalein, Roi-Namur and Majuro and on 15 February, KATORI is reassigned to the General Escort Command, with Operation "Hailstone", the Attack on Truk proper commencing. TF 58 launches a massive air attack followed by a naval bombardment: At 04:30 the armed merchant cruiser AKAGI MARU departs Truk escorted by KATORI and two destroyers and they are attacked en route by Grumman F6F Hellcat and TBF Avenger from YORKTOWN, INTREPID, BUNKER HILL, COWPENS. They sink AKAGI MARU while KATORI and MAIKAZE are badly damaged.At 1300 TG 50.9 (USS NEW JERSEY, IOWA escorted by MINNEAPOLIS, NEW ORLEANS and the destroyers BRADFORD and BURNS) starts shelling shippin in Truk atoll. Soon KATORI and MAIKAZE are caught under fire in turn. USS NEW JERSEY concentrates on MAIKAZE at 7,000 yards and the latter launches her torpedoes, they passes between NEW JERSEY and IOWA. MINNEAPOLIS and NEW ORLEANS eventually blew up her magazines and she sinks at 13:43 with all hands. Then Iowa engages KATORI, fires forty-six main HE shells plus 124 secondaries (5-in). Katori is straddled with the eight salvos but launches two torpedoes. At the fourth salvo, KATORI, baldy hit, lists to port and continue to be hammered for 11 minutes before sinking, stern first. There were a lot of survivors but trhey were not rescued and had to swim to shore for thos who can.The destroyer NOWAKI flees but is chased down at 32.5 knots by Iowa and New Jersey, which straddle her with their first salvos but as it happened in the the sun's glare from 38,000 yards it's under radar control. At 22 miles away these were record shots by any American battleships in this war. But NOWAKI eventually escapes to Yokosuka.On 31 March 1944, IJN Katori is removed from the Navy List.

IJN ww2 IJN Kashii


IJN Kashii in Singapore, 1942 - Colorized by Irootoko Jr.

IJN Kahii is attached to Sasebo Naval District under command of Captain Iwabuchi post-completion for tests. After trials and initial training, she is reassigned on 31 July 1941 to the Southern Expeditionary Fleet, and starts additional, advanced training for the missions at hand. On 15 October 1941 Kojima Hideo takes command and on 18 October she is relocated to Saigon in Indochina as flagship, Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa's Southern Expeditionary Fleet during the Occupation of this Vichy-French controlled territory. On 18 November, she is relocated to Samah, Hainan Island in Occupied China but Vice Admiral Ozawa moves his flag to IJN CHOKAI.

Invasion of Malaya

On 2 December 1941 the signalled "Niitakayama nobore 1208" being received, she departed on the 5th Cap St. Jacques in Indochina, escorting seven troop transports with the 143rd Infantry Regiment aboard for the Invasion of Malaya on the 8th at 10:00 on Kra Isthmus, Siam. The following day she is reassigned to the No. 1 Escort Unit and departed on the 13th with IJN SENDAI to cover the Second Malaya Convoy (39 transports), landings on the 16th at Singora, Patni, Ban Don and Nakhorn and later another five transports to Kota Bharu. On the 21th she is back in Camranh. Five days later she is reassigned to No. 2 Escort Unit with IJN NATORI, and destroyers, from Camranh Bay. She later departs Mako with the 3rd Malaya Convoy to Malaya and Bangkok. On 3 January 1942 off Hainan Island she rescued survivors of the bruning transport MEIKO MARU. On the 10th she is back in Bangkok, while preparing for operations against the Netherlands East Indies.

Dutch East Indies-Malaya Campaign

On 1 February 1942 she departs Bangkok for Saigon, departs with Army troops West of Borneo to Disembarks them and back to Camranh and on her way again escorting 11 transports (Bangka-Palembang, Sumatra invasion force). Landings starts on the 16th and she is sent to Anambas Islands for escorting another convoy in March, to Singapore, Malaya. She is reassigned to No. 1 Escort Unit and participated in Operation "T", The Invasion of Northern Sumatra accompanied with the cruiser SENDAI while Ozawa is in distant support with the heavy cruiser CHOKAI and CruDiv 7, DesDiv 11 and 12 as well as the Light aircraft carrier RYUJO and seaplane tender SAGARA MARU. On 12 March the landings takes place. Four days later she is back at Penang and then Singapore escorting other transports.On 19 March 1942 transport operation "U" to Burma commenced, escorted by No. 2 Escort Unit (KASHII and DesRon 3 destroyers among others).

The convoys arrives on 23 March, 18:00 at Rangoon in Burma and proceededs to landings on the 25th before the escort is back to Penang for another run while underway on 1st April 1942 in the strait of Malacca and Pulau Perak the empty transports YAE MARU and SHUNSEI MARU are torpedoed and sunk by the sub. HMS TRUANT. On 2 April KASHII and 2 destroyers departs Singapore escorting 46 transports (18th Infantry Division), via Penang and KASHII is detached back to Singapore. She becames flagship, Vice Admiral Ozawa's 1st Southern Expeditionary Fleet ("Malay Force") bu stays in guardship duties until 3 June, Drydocked for upkeep at Keppel Harbor in Singapore.Kashii's fake 2nd funnel () in the summer of 1942. (The blueprints).

Guard Duties in Singapore (1942-43)

On 25 June she passes under command of Shigenaga Kazue Penang and on 4 July departs for Penang and back to Singapore on the 14th while Vice Admiral Okawachi Denshichi replaced Ozawa at the 1st Southern Expeditionary Fleet. On the 31th, Kashii is in Mergui, Burma, and on 10 August in Rangoon and then Port Blair in the Andaman Islands, Sabang and back to Penang and Singapore, a training and inspection cruise, followed by dull Guardship duties until 21 September when she is sent to Saigon to escort an emergency transport mission to reinforce the Solomons, sporting by then a fake second funnel to look like another ship. After Camranh she arrives in Hong Kong to Embark Army troops and sails via San Bernardino Strait to Rabaul, New Britain on 8 October, Disembarking troops and return via Davao to Singapore. She is refitted, refuels in Palembang, Sumatra and back to Singapore.

On 4 December she is relocated to Belawan, Sumatra, the heads for Port Blair, Sabang, Sibolga in West Sumatra and on the 15th takes onboard the 58-man strong Rikusentai Special Naval Landing Force with sailors from KASHII to support this Army unit on Mentawai islands, Sumatra.After landing them at Sabang she is sent to Batavia, Java and departs for Singapore in January 1943. There, Takada Satoshi takes command as CO. After some Drydock upkeep, her masts are truncated, and a "submarine spotting station" added to her foretop.On 8 February 1943 she sails via Penang to Port Sweetenham in Malaya and on the 18th she is back via Malacca to Singapore, resuming Guardship duties.On 9 March VADM Endo Yoshikazu takes command of the 1st Southern Expeditionary Fleet. Kashii made a short run at Malacc and later carried Vice Admiral Endo for an inspection tour via Padang, Sibolga, Sabang, Car Nicobar, Port Blair and back to Singapore for upkeep.

On 24-28 july she made a transport run with troops and supplies to Port Blair, another on 17-27 August to Car Nicobar and yet another, when on 29 August en route to Sabang, she is ambushed by the British submarine HMS TRIDENT (Lt. profit), which fires but misses.She is later drydocked in Singapore and on 21 September 1943 made another transport run to Belawan and Port Blair. She made another one on 6 October via Penang to Car Nicobar, then on the 18th to Port Blair, on the 28th to Car Nicobar, on 24 November to Car Nicobar again, but on 26 December she is sent back home for a well-awarded leave and some upkeep and modernization.

As ASW escort (1944)

On 31 December 1943 IJN Kashii is reassigned to the Kure Training Division and on 1 January 1944 she is Takao, Formosa and refitted at Sasebo until February, heads to Etajima, working for the Naval Academy. On 5 March Matsumura Midori takes command and on the 25th she is reassigned to HQ, General Escort Command, modified as specialized ASW escort in Kure, undocked the 6 April and completed on the 29th, reassigned in May as flagship, Rear Admiral Matsuyama Mitsuharu's No. 1 Surface Escort Division. She soon departs Moji, escorting convoy HI-65, escorted notably by the carrier SHINYO.On 2 June 1944 she is off Formosa when ambushed by USS GUITARRO (SS-363) which made at 23:00, a moonlight periscope approach, firing two torpedoes at AWAJI, which is hit and sinks near Yasho Island. GUITARRO flees under attack back to to Australia.

On 4 June Kashii is in Takao, and on the 12 to Singapore. On the 17 she escorts convoy HI-66 (escort carrier KAIYO) to Moji and herself joins Kure for a Refit. On 10 July she departs and on the 13th departs Moji with convoy HI-69 with Rear Admiral Tsutomu Sato, 8th Escort Convoy, 14 merchantmen and the escort carriers TAIYO and KAIYO carrying aircraft to Luzon and SHINYO for air cover. That's the bulk of the IJN carrier escort fleet and two carriers are inoperable in case of attack.On 21 July 1944 they arroves at Manila, TAIYO and KAIYO unloading their aircraft on the 24th KASHII with SHINYO escorts the convoy back to Singapore as TAIYO is detached for Formosa and KAIYO remains in Manila.

On 5 August Kashii left Singapore to escort HI-70 to Moji, arriving ten days later, and on the 25thn the "fast convoy" HI-73 departs Moji loosing underway MIZUHO, ARABIA and KOKURYU MARUs (excessive smoke), MANEI MARU having engine problems. They stops in Takao, Formosa and Tsoying, Saei, the convoy splitting between Manila and Singapore.On 1 September 1944 however while off Luzon Strait a single Nakajima B5N2 "Kate" (931st NAG) spots USS TUNNY (SS-282) and drops two 60-kg depth charges which damaged her hull, eliminating the submersible as a threat. This probably saves Kashii and the convoy a potential loss.

On 7 September they are in Seletar, Singapore, departing on the 13th with Rear Admiral Yoshitomi Setsuzo's 5th Escort Group. HI-74 heads to Moji with several oilers under escort of the carrier IJN UNYO. On the 16th however, OMUROYAMA MARU is torpedoed by USS QUEENFISH (SS-393). KASHII signals the submarine attack and coordinates the sub-chasers.But this is a wolfpack. Soon USS BARB (SS-220) launches six torpedoes hitting 10,022-ton oiler AZUSA MARU. The following day (night, 00:40) it's IJN UNYO's turn to be hit starboard by the same, ans she sank by the stern in the morning. Kashii tried to save survivors, but she goes down with 48 aircraft plus 36 more in cargo and previous crew and pilots.

On 23 September the convoys enters Moji and heads for Sasebo. Kashii is refitted and Departs for Moji and then with the 5th Escort Group (convoy HI-79) to Singapore.On 15 November Rear Admiral Shibuya Shiro takes command and her unit is now the 101st Escort Group. On the 17th she flies RADM Yoshitomi’s flag again and departs with convoy HI-80 for Saigon, Van Phong. On 4 December Kashii is back to Sasebo, later reassigned to the 1st Surface Escort Group. She left Moji with HI-85 arriving in Takao by 23 December, and next escorts another convoy to Singapore. On Xmas day, they are attacked off Hainan Island by USAAF B-25 "Mitchell" bombers which sank a transport.The following day she is in Saigon and Singapore, sailing again with the 101st Escort Group and convoy HI-86 for Saigon, then Van Fong Bay in Indochina, Qui Nhon Bay.

The end: US Attacks on Indochina

On 12 January 1945 TF 38 starts Operation Gratitude, a serie of massive strikes on Indochina just as KASHII departed Qui Nhon. From 11:00 to 17:00 the South China Sea saw many squadrons of Curtiss SB2C "Helldiver" and Avengers from USS LEXINGTON (CV-2) USS ESSEX, TICONDEROGA, LANGLEY and SAN JACINTO attacking HI-86. They sink all ships (a few managed to beach) and just three escorts survived. But not Kashii: At 14:08 she is taken in a pincer by SB2Cs and TBFs, so her manoeuvering was futile. She is soon hit starboard amidships by a torpedo and two bombs which set off her depth charge magazine. Her entire stern blew up. Cut in two, she sank stern first with 621 sailors, 19 rescued. The list of victims includes Captain Matsumura and Rear Admiral Shibuya, both would be awarded higher grades posthumously. IJN Kashii is officially removed from the Navy List on 20 March 1945. This left Kashima as the only survivor of the class.

IJN ww2 IJN Kashima

IJN Kashima freshly commissioned, 1940. Colorized by Irootoko Jr.On 25 September 1939 Kashima while in early completion receives the visit of her first captain Miyazato Shutoku already on KATORI previously, which is appointed the Chief Equipping Officer (CEO) as additional duty with CO of Katori. On 1st November he is replaced by Ichioka Hisashi (from YURA), also as additional duty and from 10 March 1940, Nabeshima Shunsaku this time as full-time duty captain until the ship is completed on 31 May 1940, attached to Kure Naval District. On 1 June 1940 she joined with her siste Katori the Training Squadron and on 28 July 1940 took part in their only pre-war midshipman (and shakedow for Kashima) cruise, visiting Etajima, Ominato, Dairen, Port Arthur and Shanghai. They were back in Yokosuka by September.

On 1st November Takeda Isamu takes command and on the 15th, she is reassigned to the 4th and became flagship, CruDiv 18. Nothing much happens noticeable before September 1941 and preparations for wartime.

Early Wartime Career

On 1st September 1941 Captain Senda Kinji takes command, and on 1st December she became flagship of Vice Admiral Shigeyoshi Inoue of the 4th based at Truk in the Carolines. Frim 18 January 1942 for Operation "R" (Invasions of Rabaul and Kavieng), she sorties from Truk, to cover the landings and is back on the 31. On 20 February she departs to try to cacth TF 11, a futile effort. On March-April she is on Guard ship duties and in May she taks part in Operation "MO" (Tulagi-Port Moresby invasion) at Rabaul in New Britain as floating HQ. On 4 May 1942 the Battle of the Coral Sea commanced while she is in Tulagi. On the 13th the Japanese thrust is stopped and KASHIMA departs Rabaul for Kavieng in New Ireland and Truk (16 May).

She departs on 20 July and is refitted 6 days later until 3 September, staying in Guard ship duties as flagship, 4th fleet, and with a captain change to Sakae Takada (former XO of MUTSU). On 2 October KASHIMA tasked part in an AA training and on the 8th, held a conference on the construction of defenses in the Pacific, attended by Rear Admiral Matome Ugaki, Combined Fleet CoS plus Army officials of the Defense Construction Department.

On 26 October Baron, Samejima Tomoshige takes the head of the Fourth Fleet on 17 November sails with Kashima for an inspection cruise of the Marshall Islands. Kashima is escorted by the destroyers Asanagi and Yunagi. On the 26 he is in Kwajalein, the Roi, Jaluit, Imieji and back on 2 December. Until 1 April 1943 Kashima serves as guard ship while the same day Vice Admiral Kobayashi Masami replaces VADM Samejima (now CinC, 8th fleet). She is later refitted in April and departs in May for Yokosuka for additional upkeep and is bac at Truk from 29 May until 27 August 1943. In July, Hayashi Shigechika takes command and she departs on the 27 to Kwajalein and on 13 October for Roi, having a new CO change for Captain Kajiwara Sueyoshi. She is back at Truk on 8 November, relieved as flagship by NAGARA.

On 10 November she is redesignated as a training ship, attached to the Kure Training Division together with IJN KASHII. On 18 November while underway with the submarine tender CHOGEI, and the destroyers WAKATSUKI and YAMAGUMO she is intercepted by LtCdr Fred Connaway's USS SCULPIN's (SS-191), making night radar contact and tries to catch them by surface running, attacking at 06:40 when spotted by YAMAGUMO at 8,000 meters. Sculpin crash-dives and is depth chargeed but without effect, chased by sonar, and depht charged several times. At past 12:50, with batteries nearly depleted, captain Connaway decides to surface and fight with his deck gun while his crew would Abandon Ship. The duel with Yamagumo is engaged at 13:01. After a harrowing duel, its weapons destroyed, USS SCULPIN is scuttled.

Late career as TS

On 20 November as Operation "Galvanic" took place, Kashima arrives in Japan, and starts a refit and reorganization as a training ship in Kure. Under Nagai Mitsuru and by December Yamazumi Chusaburo she is Drydock until 12 January 1944 and until 15 April 1944 she serves at the Etajima Naval Academy, cruising the western Inland Sea and on 25 March is temporarily attached to the General Escort Command, becoming a month later a "training and patrol vessel" and after 15 May (new CO Captain Koma Masayoshi) she is refitted again, making several transport and escort missions between 26 May and 11 from Shimonoseki to Okinawa.On 11 July, Operation "RO-GO" commenced with missions to Formosa. On 10 August she is in Naha, Okinawa, Lands personnel and cargo, same on the 16th, and is back to Kure in september.On the 20th she embarks in Kagoshima elements of the Second Air Fleet and arrived in Keelung, Formosa five days later, then back to Kure, Kagoshima and Keelung again on 19 October, the following dau she is spotted by USS TANG by radar at 30,000 yards. Captain O'Kane closed within 2,000 yards on her port quarter but from 1,650 yards renounced to fire new Mark 18-1 electric torpedoes, which had limited range. He made repeated attempts, but fails to close below 600 yards for a stern shot, before being illuminated by a destroyer's searchlights, crash diving and escapes. Kashima escaped her second ASW attack.

End of service as ASW escort

On 28 October she is Kure and resumes her training duties until 20 December and new modifications. In addition to her brand new Type 22 surface-search radar she received two Type 2 infra-red communication devices while her aft compartments are transformed as concrete-protected magazines housing 100 depth charges while DC throwers and rails are installed on her quarterdeck, plus Hydrophones and sonar. She starts by January 1945 as flagship, No. 102 Escort Squadron, 1st Escort Fleet, including YASHIRO, MIKURA, and sub-chasers 2, 33, 34 and 35. On 10 Febuary she received extra AA and a Type 13 air-search radar and departed two days later for Shanghai. On the 22th she patrolled in the Chrisan Island area.On 27 February in the South China Sea off Ningpo, there is another close call with US Submarine USS RASHER (SS-310). She is sighted and attacked by depth charges while a Nakajima E8N2 Dave circles over her. USS Rasher later resurfaced by night but has lost contact.ASW patrols went on in March-April 1945, off Chrisan Island and by May in Korean waters as convoy-escort. On 19 May in the Tsushima Strait at 01:27 (dead of night) she collides with, and sinks, the cargo ship DAISHIN MARU, having herself a gasoline tank repture and a fire breaking. She makes it in Korea, starts repairs in Chinkai. On 5 June 1945 with Operation "Barney" she is detected b a three-subs “Polecats” but detects them also by sonar,e alarm is raised and as flagship, she coordonates the five IJN subchasers to investigate with aviation called (Mitsubishi G3M Type 96 Nell and On 5 July, No. 102 Escort Squadron is deactivated and Kashima joins VADM Fukuji Kishi and the 1st Escort Fleet. She later operates in the Maizuru area, Sea of Japan until the end of the war.

Postwar service

20 August 1945:Located at Nanao, she departs on 20 August for Kure, and from 21 September with new markings, she starts a last career as repatriation transport with a new deck house around her main mast and main armament not refited but with the barrels sawn off. She is under command of Iura Shojiro, and later Yokota Minoru and on 5 October is stricken, making a first Repatriation Trip to Jaluit, Marshalls and back at Uraga near Tokyo. In November, she is in Hollandia, New Guinea, Wewak, Mushu, Okinawa and is back home on 8 December. Her 3rd Repatriation Trip is in January 1946 to Mushu, New Guinea and back to Otaka, then Kure, Saeki, for a 4th run to Rabaul, Fauro Island and back to Otaka on 14 February; On 2 March she made a 5th run to Singapore, Saigon, and back to Kure. Her 6th Trip beought her at Hua Lien, Formosa, Saigon and Otaka. Her 7th to Singapore, Rembang (Indonesia) and Otaka, and the 8th to St Jacques, French Indochina, Bangkok, Thailand and Uraga in June. Next she is moved to Korojima, Otaka and on 22 July 1946 starts her 10th Tenth Repatriation Trip, 11th on 15 August, 12th on 26 September (to Singapore, Hong Kong) and back to Sasebo. In total she carried 5,800 troops back home. In the summer of 1947 she is sent to the Home Ministry for scrapping at Kawanami Heavy Industries, Koyagishima Yard, Yokosuka.

Resources

Links

on shipmodels.info
on navypedia
Katori on combinedfleet.org
Kahima on combinedfleet.org
The Katori clas (general) on combinedfleet.org
Wikimedia commons open source photos
http://combinedfleet.com/ships/katori

Books

Editorial department of magazine "Maru" (1990) "THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE NAVY vol9 Light Cruisers II / Gunboats" Kojin-sha publishers pp.161-181
The Society of Naval Architects of Japan (1975) "Plans of ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, History of shipbuilding in Showa era separated volume", published by Hara-shobo, p. 65
Fukui Shizuo " Current status survey of machine gun, radar, IFF etc on each vessels, from ""Blueprints about placement of additions of weapons after operation A-Go"" ", Ushio shobo Kojinsha
Janes's 1940
Conway's all the world's fighting ship 1922-47Lacroix, Eric & Wells II, Linton (1997). Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.Senshi Sōsho Vol.31, Naval armaments and war preparation (1), "Until November 1941", Asagumo Simbun (Japan), November 1969

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❢ Abbreviations & acronyms
    AAAnti-Aircraft
    AAW// warfare
    AASAmphibious Assault Ship
    AdmAdmiral
    AEWAirbone early warning
    AGAir Group
    AFVArmored Fighting Vehicle
    AMGBarmoured motor gunboat
    APArmor Piercing
    APCArmored Personal Carrier
    ASAntisubmarine
    ASMAir-to-surface Missile
    ASMDAnti Ship Missile Defence
    ASROCASW Rockets
    ASWAnti Submarine Warfare
    ASWRLASW Rocket Launcher
    ATWahead thrown weapon
    avgasAviation Gasoline
    awAbove Waterline
    AWACSAirborne warning & control system
    BBBattleship
    bhpbrake horsepower
    BLBreach-loader (gun)
    BLRBreach-loading, Rifled (gun)
    BUBroken Up
    ccirca
    CAArmoured/Heavy cruiser
    Capt.Captain
    CalCaliber or ".php"
    CGMissile Cruiser
    CICCombat Information Center
    C-in-CCommander in Chief
    CIWSClose-in weapon system
    CECompound Expansion (engine)
    ChChantiers ("Yard", FR)
    CLCruiser, Light
    cmcentimeter(s)
    CMBCoastal Motor Boat
    CMSCoastal Minesweeper
    CNOChief of Naval Operations
    CpCompound (armor)
    CoCompany
    COBCompound Overhad Beam
    CODAGCombined Diesel & Gas
    CODOGCombined Diesel/Gas
    COGAGCombined Gas and Gas
    COGOGCombined Gas/Gas
    commcommissioned
    compcompleted
    convconverted
    convlconventional
    COSAGCombined Steam & Gas
    CRCompound Reciprocating
    CRCRSame, connecting rod
    CruDivCruiser Division
    CPControlled Pitch
    CTConning Tower
    CTLconstructive total loss
    CTOLConv. Take off & landing
    CTpCompound Trunk
    cucubic
    CylCylinder(s)
    CVAircraft Carrier
    CVA// Attack
    CVE// Escort
    CVL// Light
    CVS// ASW support
    cwtHundredweight
    DADirect Action
    DASHDrone ASW Helicopter
    DCDepht Charge
    DCT// Track
    DCR// Rack
    DCT// Thrower
    DDDestroyer/drydock
    DEDouble Expansion
    DEDestroyer Escort
    DDE// Converted
    DesRonDestroyer Squadron
    DFDouble Flux
    D/FDirection(finding)
    DPDual Purpose
    DUKWAmphibious truck
    DyDDockyard
    EOCElswick Ordnance Co.
    ECMElectronic Warfare
    ESMElectronic support measure
    FFarenheit
    FCSFire Control System
    FFFrigate
    fpsFeet Per Second
    ftFeets
    FYFiscal Year
    galgallons
    GMMetacentric Height
    GPMGGeneral Purpose Machine-gun
    GRPFiberglass
    GRTGross Tonnage
    GUPPYGreater Underwater Prop.Pow.
    HAHigh Angle
    HCHorizontal Compound
    HCR// Reciprocating
    HCDA// Direct Acting
    HCDCR// connecting rod
    HDA// direct acting
    HDAC// acting compound
    HDAG// acting geared
    HDAR// acting reciprocating
    HDMLHarbor def. Motor Launch
    H/FHigh Frequency
    HF/DF// Directional Finding
    HMSHer Majesty Ship
    HNHarvey Nickel
    HNCHorizontal non-condensing hp
    HPHigh Pressure
    hphorizontal
    HQHeadquarter
    HRHorizontal reciprocating
    HRCR// connecting rod
    HSHarbor Service
    HS(E)Horizontal single (expansion)
    HSET// trunk
    HTHorizontal trunk
    HTE// expansion
    ICInverted Compound
    IDAInverted direct acting
    IFFIdentification Friend or Foe
    ihpindicated horsepower
    IMFInshore Minesweeper
    inInche(s)
    ircironclad
    KCKrupp, cemented
    kgKilogram
    KNC// non cemented
    kmKilometer
    kt(s)Knot(s)
    kwkilowatt
    ibpound(s)
    LALow Angle
    LCLanding Craft
    LCA// Assault
    LCAC// Air Cushion
    LFC// Flak (AA)
    LCG// Gunboat
    LCG(L)/// Large
    LCG(M)/// Medium
    LCG(S)/// Small
    LCI// Infantry
    LCM// Mechanized
    LCP// Personel
    LCP(R)/// Rocket
    LCS// Support
    LCT// Tanks
    LCV// Vehicles
    LCVP/// Personal
    LCU// Utility
    locolocomotive (boiler)
    LSCLanding ship, support
    LSD// Dock
    LSF// Fighter (direction)
    LSM// Medium
    LSS// Stern chute
    LST// Tank
    LSV// Vehicle
    LPlow pressure
    lwllenght waterline
    mmetre(s)
    MModel
    MA/SBmotor AS boat
    maxmaximum
    MGMachine Gun
    MGBMotor Gunboat
    MLSMinelayer/Sweeper
    MLMotor Launch
    MMSMotor Minesweper
    MTMilitary Transport
    MTBMotor Torpedo Boat
    HMGHeavy Machine Gun
    MCM(V)Mine countermeasure Vessel
    minminute(s)
    MkMark
    MLMuzzle loading
    MLR// rifled
    MSOOcean Minesweeper
    mmmillimetre
    NCnon condensing
    nhpnominal horsepower
    nmNautical miles
    Number
    NBC/ABCNuc. Bact. Nuclear
    NSNickel steel
    NTDSNav.Tactical Def.System
    NyDNaval Yard
    oaOverall
    OPVOffshore Patrol Vessel
    PCPatrol Craft
    PDMSPoint Defence Missile System
    pdrpounder
    ppperpendicular
    psipounds per square inch
    PVDSPropelled variable-depth sonar
    QFQuick Fire
    QFC// converted
    RAdmRear Admiral
    RCRadio-control/led
    RCRreturn connecting rod
    recRectangular
    revRevolver
    RFRapid Fire
    RPCRemote Control
    rpgRound per gun
    SAMSurface to air Missile
    SARSearch Air Rescue
    sbSmoothbore
    SBShip Builder
    SCSub-chaser (hunter)
    SSBNBallistic Missile sub.Nuclear
    SESimple Expansion
    SET// trunk
    SGSteeple-geared
    shpShaft horsepower
    SHsimple horizontal
    SOSUSSound Surv. System
    SPRsimple pressure horiz.
    sqsquare
    SSSubmarine (Conv.)
    SSMSurface-surface Missile
    subsubmerged
    sfsteam frigate
    SLBMSub.Launched Ballistic Missile
    spfsteam paddle frigate
    STOVLShort Take off/landing
    SUBROCSub.Fired ASW Rocket
    tton, long (short in bracket)
    TACANTactical Air Nav.
    TBTorpedo Boat
    TBD// destroyer
    TCTorpedo carriage
    TETriple expansion
    TER// reciprocating
    TFTask Force
    TGBTorpedo gunboat
    TGTask Group
    TLTorpedo launcher
    TLC// carriage
    TNTTrinitroluene
    TSTraining Ship
    TTTorpedo Tube
    UDTUnderwater Demolition Team
    UHFUltra High Frequency
    VadmVice Admiral
    VCVertical compound
    VCE// expansion
    VDE/ double expansion
    VDSVariable Depth Sonar
    VIC/ inverted compound
    VLFVery Low Frequency
    VQL/ quadruple expansion
    VSTOLVertical/short take off/landing
    VTE/ triple expansion
    VTOLVertical take off/landing
    VSE/ Simple Expansion
    wksWorks
    wlwaterline
    WTWireless Telegraphy
    xnumber of
    YdYard
    Organizations
    GIUKGreenland-Iceland-UK
    BuShipsBureau of Ships
    DBMGerman Navy League
    GBGreat Britain
    DNCDirectorate of Naval Construction
    EEZExclusive Economic Zone
    FAAFleet Air Arm
    FNFLFree French Navy
    JMSDFJap.Mar.Self-Def.Force
    MDAPMutual Def.Assistance Prog.
    MSAMaritime Safety Agency
    NATO
    RAFRoyal Air Force
    RANRoyal Australian Navy
    RCNRoyal Canadian Navy
    R&DResearch & Development
    RNRoyal Navy
    RNZNRoyal New Zealand Navy
    ussrUnion of Socialist Republics
    UE/EECEuropean Union/Comunity
    UNUnited Nations Org.
    USNUnited States Navy
    WaPacWarsaw Pact

⛶ Pre-Industrial Eras

☀ Introduction
☀ Neolithic to bronze age
⚚ Antique
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⚔ Pre-Industrial Battles ☍ See the page
  • Salamis
  • Cape Ecnomus
  • Actium
  • Red Cliffs
  • Battle of the Masts
  • Yamen
  • Lake Poyang
  • Lepanto
  • Vyborg Bay
  • Svensksund
  • Trafalgar
  • Sinope
⚔ Industrial Era Battles ☍ See the page
⚔ WW1 Naval Battles ☍ See the Page
⚔ WW2 Naval Battles ☍ See the Page

⚔ Crimean War

Austrian Navy ☍ See the page
French Navy ☍ See the page
    Screw Ships of the Line
  • Navarin class (1854)
  • Duquesne class (1853)
  • Fleurus class (1853)
  • Montebello (1852)
  • Austerlitz (1852)
  • Jean Bart (1852)
  • Charlemagne (1851)
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  • Sailing Ships of the Line
  • Valmy (1847)
  • Ocean class (1805)
  • Hercules class (1836)
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  • Jupiter (1831)
  • Duperré (1840)
  • Screw Frigates
  • Pomone (1845)
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  • Bellone (1853)
  • D’Assas class (1854)
  • Screw Corvettes
  • Primauguet class (1852)
  • Roland (1850)
Royal Navy ☍ See the page
  • Duke of Wellington
  • Conqueror (1855)
  • Marlborough (1855)
  • Royal Albert (1854)
  • St Jean D’Acre (1853)
  • Waterloo (1833
  • Sailing ships of the Line
  • Sailing Frigates
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  • Screw two deckers
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  • Screw guard ships
  • Paddle frigates
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  • Screw sloops
  • Paddle sloops
  • Screw gunboats
  • Brigs

⚑ 1870 Fleets

Spanish Navy 1870 Armada Espanola ☍ See the Page
  • Numancia (1863)
  • Tetuan (1863)
  • Vitoria (1865)
  • Arapiles (1864)
  • Zaragosa (1867)
  • Sagunto (1869)
  • Mendez Nunez (1869)
  • Spanish wooden s. frigates (1861-65)
  • Frigate Tornado (1865)
  • Frigate Maria de Molina (1868)
  • Spanish sail gunboats (1861-65)
Austro-Hungarian Navy 1870 K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
Danish Navy 1870 Dansk Marine
  • Dannebrog (1863)
  • Peder Skram (1864)
  • Danmark (1864)
  • Rolf Krake (1864)
  • Lindormen (1868)

  • Jylland CR (1860)
  • Tordenskjold CR (1862)
  • Dagmar SP (1861)
  • Absalon class GB (1862)
  • Fylla class GB (1863)
Hellenic Navy 1870 Nautiko Hellenon
  • Basileos Giorgios (1867)
  • Basilisa Olga (1869)
  • Sloop Hellas (1861)
Koninklije Marine 1870 Koninklije Marine 1870
  • Dutch Screw Frigates & corvettes
  • De Ruyter Bd Ironclad (1863)
  • Prins H. der Neth. Turret ship (1866)
  • Buffel class turret rams (1868)
  • Skorpioen class turret rams (1868)
  • Heiligerlee class Monitors (1868)
  • Bloedhond class Monitors (1869)
  • Adder class Monitors (1870)
  • A.H.Van Nassau Frigate (1861)
  • A.Paulowna Frigate (1867)
  • Djambi class corvettes (1860)
  • Amstel class Gunboats (1860)
Marine Française 1870 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
  • Screw 3-deckers (1850-58)
  • Screw 2-deckers (1852-59)
  • Screw Frigates (1849-59)
  • Conv. sailing frigates
  • Screw Corvettes (1846-59)
  • Screw Fl. Batteries (1855)
  • Paddle Frigates
  • Paddle Corvettes
  • screw sloops
  • screw gunboats
  • Sailing ships of the line
  • Sailing frigates
  • Sailing corvettes
  • Sailing bricks


  • Gloire class Bd. Ironclads (1859)
  • Couronne Bd. Ironclad (1861)
  • Magenta class Bd. Ironclads (1861)
  • Palestro class Flt. Batteries (1862)
  • Arrogante class Flt. Batteries (1864)
  • Provence class Bd. Ironclads (1864)
  • Embuscade class Flt. Batteries (1865)
  • Taureau arm. ram (1865)
  • Belliqueuse Bd. Ironclad (1865)
  • Alma Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1867)
  • Ocean class CT Battery ship (1868)


  • Cosmao class cruisers (1861)
  • Talisman cruisers (1862)
  • Resolue cruisers (1863)
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  • Decres cruiser (1866)
  • Desaix cruiser (1866)
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  • Linois cruiser (1867)
  • Chateaurenault cruiser (1868)
  • Infernet class Cruisers (1869)
  • Bourayne class Cruisers (1869)
  • Cruiser Hirondelle (1869)

  • Curieux class sloops (1860)
  • Adonis class sloops (1863)
  • Guichen class sloops (1865)
  • Sloop Renard (1866)
  • Bruix class sloops (1867)
  • Pique class gunboats (1862)
  • Hache class gunboats (1862)
  • Arbalete class gunboats (1866)
  • Etendard class gunboats (1868)
  • Revolver class gunboats (1869)
Marinha do Brasil 1870 Marinha do Brasil
  • Barrozo class (1864)
  • Brasil (1864)
  • Tamandare (1865)
  • Lima Barros (1865)
  • Rio de Janeiro (1865)
  • Silvado (1866)
  • Mariz E Barros class (1866)
  • Carbal class (1866)
Turkish Ottoman navy 1870 Osmanlı Donanması
  • Osmanieh class Bd.Ironclads (1864)
  • Assari Tewfik (1868)
  • Assari Shevket class Ct. Ironclads (1868)
  • Lufti Djelil class CDS (1868)
  • Avni Illah class cas.ironclads (1869)
  • Fethi Bulend class cas.ironclads (1870)
  • Barbette ironclad Idjalleh (1870)
  • Messudieh class Ct.Bat.ships (1874)
  • Hamidieh Ct.Bat.Ironclads (1885)
  • Abdul Kadir Battleships (project)

  • Frigate Ertrogul (1863)
  • Selimieh (1865)
  • Rehberi Tewkik (1875)
  • Mehmet Selim (1876)
  • Sloops & despatch vessels
Turkish Ottoman navy 1870 Marina Do Peru
  • Monitor Atahualpa (1865)
  • CT. Bat Independencia (1865)
  • Turret ship Huascar (1865)
  • Frigate Apurimac (1855)
  • Corvette America (1865)
  • Corvette Union (1865)
Portuguese Navy 1870 Marinha do Portugal
  • Bartolomeu Dias class (28-guns) steam frigates
  • Sagris (14 guns) steam corvette
  • Vasco Da Gama (74 guns) Ship of the Line
  • Dom Fernando I e Gloria (50) Sailing Frigate
  • Dom Joao I class (14 guns) Sailing corvettes
  • Portuguese Side-wheel steamers
Regia Marina 1870 Regia Marina 1870
Imperial Japanese navy 1870 Nihhon Kaigun 1870
  • Ironclad Ruyjo (1868)
  • Ironclad Kotetsu (1868)
  • Frigate Fujiyama (1864)
  • Frigate Kasuga (1863)
  • Corvette Asama (1869)
  • Gunboat Raiden (1856)
  • Gunboat Chiyodogata (1863)
  • Teibo class GB (1866)
  • Gunboat Mushun (1865)
  • Gunboat Hosho (1868)
Prussian Navy 1870 Preußische Marine 1870
  • Prinz Adalbert (1864)
  • Arminius (1864)
  • Friedrich Carl (1867)
  • Kronprinz (1867)
  • K.Whilhelm (1868)
  • Arcona class Frigates (1858)
  • Nymphe class Frigates (1863)
  • Augusta class Frigates (1864)
  • Jäger class gunboats (1860)
  • Chamaleon class gunboats (1860)
Russian mperial Navy 1870 Russkiy Flot 1870
  • Ironclad Sevastopol (1864)
  • Ironclad Petropavlovsk (1864)
  • Ironclad Smerch (1864)
  • Pervenetz class (1863)
  • Charodeika class (1867)
  • Admiral Lazarev class (1867)
  • Ironclad Kniaz Pojarski (1867)
  • Bronenosetz class monitors (1867)
  • Admiral Chichagov class (1868)
  • S3D Imperator Nicolai I (1860)
  • S3D Sinop (1860)
  • S3D Tsessarevich (1860)
  • Russian screw two-deckers (1856-59)
  • Russian screw frigates (1854-61)
  • Russian screw corvettes (1856-60)
  • Russian screw sloops (1856-60)
  • Varyag class Corvettes (1862)
  • Almaz class Sloops (1861)
  • Opyt TGBT (1861)
  • Sobol class TGBT (1863)
  • Pishtchal class TGBT (1866)
Swedish Navy 1870 Svenska marinen
  • Ericsson class monitors (1865)
  • Frigate Karl XIV (1854)
  • Frigate Stockholm (1856)
  • Corvette Gefle (1848)
  • Corvette Orädd (1853)
Norwegian Navy 1870 Søværnet
  • Skorpionen class (1866)
  • Frigate Stolaf (1856)
  • Frigate Kong Sverre (1860)
  • Frigate Nordstjerna (1862)
  • Frigate Vanadis (1862)
  • Glommen class gunboats (1863)
Union Union Navy ☍ See the Page
Confederate Confederate Navy ☍ See the Page
Union 'Old Navy'(1865-1885) ☍ See the Page
  • Dunderberg Bd Ironclad (1865)
  • Wampanoag class frigates (1864)
  • Frigate Chattanooga & Idaho (1864)
  • Frigate Idaho (1864)
  • Java class frigates (1865)
  • Contookook class frigates (1865)
  • Frigate Trenton (1876)
  • Swatara class sloops (1865)
  • Alaska class sloops (1868)
  • Galena class sloops (1873)
  • Enterprise class sloops (1874)
  • Alert class sloops (1873)
  • Alarm torpedo ram (1873)
  • Intrepid torpedo ram (1874)

⚑ 1890 Fleets

Argentinian Navy 1898 Armada de Argentina
  • Parana class (1873)
  • La Plata class (1875)
  • Pilcomayo class (1875)
  • Ferre class (1880)
Austro-Hungarian Navy 1898 K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
  • Custoza (1872)
  • Erzherzog Albrecht (1872)
  • Kaiser (1871)
  • Kaiser Max class (1875)
  • Tegetthoff (1878)

  • Radetzky(ii) class (1872)
  • SMS Donau(ii) (1874)
  • SMS Donau(iii) (1893)

  • Erzherzog Friedrich class (1878)
  • Saida (1878)
  • Fasana (1870)
  • Aurora class (1873)
Chinese Imperial Navy 1898 Imperial Chinese Navy
  • Hai An class frigates (1872)
Danish Navy 1898 Dansk Marine
  • Tordenskjold (1880)
  • Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
  • Skjold (1896)
  • Cruiser Fyen (1882)
  • Cruiser Valkyrien (1888)
Hellenic Navy 1898 Nautiko Hellenon
  • Spetsai class (1889)
  • Nauarchos Miaoulis (1889)
  • Greek Torpedo Boats (1881-85)
  • Greek Gunboats (1861-84)
Haitian Navy 1914Marine Haitienne
  • Gunboat St Michael (1970)
  • Gunboat "1804" (1875)
  • Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
  • Gunboat Toussaint Louverture (1886)
Koninklije Marine 1898 Koninklije Marine
  • Konigin der Netherland (1874)
  • Draak, monitor (1877)
  • Matador, monitor (1878)
  • R. Claeszen, monitor (1891)
  • Evertsen class CDS (1894)
  • Atjeh class cruisers (1876)
  • Cruiser Sumatra (1890)
  • Cruiser K.W. Der. Neth (1892)
  • Banda class Gunboats (1872)
  • Pontania class Gunboats (1873)
  • Gunboat Aruba (1873)
  • Hydra Gunboat class (1873)
  • Batavia class Gunboats (1877)
  • Wodan Gunboat class (1877)
  • Ceram class Gunboats (1887)
  • Combok class Gunboats (1891)
  • Borneo Gunboat (1892)
  • Nias class Gunboats (1895)
  • Koetei class Gunboats (1898)
  • Dutch sloops (1864-85)
Marine Française 1898 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
  • Friedland CT Battery ship (1873)
  • Richelieu CT Battery ship (1873)
  • Colbert class CT Battery ships (1875)
  • Redoutable CT Battery ship (1876)
  • Courbet class CT Battery ships (1879)
  • Amiral Duperre barbette ship (1879)
  • Terrible class barbette ships (1883)
  • Amiral Baudin class barbette ships (1883)
  • Barbette ship Hoche (1886)
  • Marceau class barbette ships (1888)

  • Cerbere class Arm.Ram (1870)
  • Tonnerre class Br.Monitors (1875)
  • Tempete class Br.Monitors (1876)
  • Tonnant ironclad (1880)
  • Furieux ironclad (1883)
  • Fusee class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
  • Acheron class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
  • Jemmapes class (1892)
  • Bouvines class (1892)

  • La Galissonière Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1872)
  • Bayard class barbette ships (1879)
  • Vauban class barbette ships (1882)
  • Prot. Cruiser Sfax (1884)
  • Prot. Cruiser Tage (1886)
  • Prot. Cruiser Amiral Cécille (1888)
  • Prot. Cruiser Davout (1889)
  • Forbin class Cruisers (1888)
  • Troude class Cruisers (1888)
  • Alger class Cruisers (1891)
  • Friant class Cruisers (1893)
  • Prot. Cruiser Suchet (1893)
  • Descartes class Cruisers (1893)
  • Linois class Cruisers (1896)
  • D'Assas class Cruisers (1896)
  • Catinat class Cruisers (1896)

  • R. de Genouilly class Cruisers (1876)
  • Cruiser Duquesne (1876)
  • Cruiser Tourville (1876)
  • Cruiser Duguay-Trouin (1877)
  • Laperouse class Cruisers (1877)
  • Villars class Cruisers (1879)
  • Cruiser Iphigenie (1881)
  • Cruiser Naiade (1881)
  • Cruiser Arethuse (1882)
  • Cruiser Dubourdieu (1884)
  • Cruiser Milan (1884)

  • Parseval class sloops (1876)
  • Bisson class sloops (1874)
  • Epee class gunboats (1873)
  • Crocodile class gunboats (1874)
  • Tromblon class gunboats (1875)
  • Condor class Torpedo Cruisers (1885)
  • G. Charmes class gunboats (1886)
  • Inconstant class sloops (1887)
  • Bombe class Torpedo Cruisers (1887)
  • Wattignies class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
  • Levrier class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
Marinha do Brasil 1898 Marinha do Brasil
Marinha do Portugal 1898 Marinha do Portugal
Marina de Mexico 1898 Mexico
  • GB Indipendencia (1874)
  • GB Democrata (1875)
Turkish Ottoman navy 1898 Osmanlı Donanması
  • Cruiser Heibtnuma (1890)
  • Cruiser Lufti Humayun (1892)
  • Cruiser Hadevendighar (1892)
  • Shadieh class cruisers (1893)
  • Turkish TBs (1885-94)
Regia Marina 1898 Regia Marina
  • Pr. Amadeo class (1871)
  • Caio Duilio class (1879)
  • Italia class (1885)
  • Ruggero di Lauria class (1884)
  • Carracciolo (1869)
  • Vettor Pisani (1869)
  • Cristoforo Colombo (1875)
  • Flavio Goia (1881)
  • Amerigo Vespucci (1882)
  • C. Colombo (ii) (1892)
  • Pietro Micca (1876)
  • Tripoli (1886)
  • Goito class (1887)
  • Folgore class (1887)
  • Partenope class (1889)
  • Giovanni Bausan (1883)
  • Etna class (1885)
  • Dogali (1885)
  • Piemonte (1888)
  • Staffeta (1876)
  • Rapido (1876)
  • Barbarigo class (1879)
  • Messagero (1885)
  • Archimede class (1887)
  • Guardiano class GB (1874)
  • Scilla class GB (1874)
  • Provana class GB (1884)
  • Curtatone class GB (1887)
  • Castore class GB (1888)
Imperial Japanese navy 1898 Nihhon Kaigun
  • Ironclad Fuso (1877)
  • Kongo class Ironclads (1877)

  • Cruiser Tsukushi (1880)
  • Cruiser Takao (1888)
  • Cruiser Yaeyama (1889)
  • Cruiser Chishima (1890)
  • Cruiser Tatsuta (1894)
  • Cruiser Miyako (1898)

  • Frigate Nisshin (1869)
  • Frigate Tsukuba (acq.1870)
  • Kaimon class CVT (1882)
  • Katsuragi class SCVT (1885)
  • Sloop Seiki (1875)
  • Sloop Amagi (1877)
  • Corvette Jingei (1876)
  • Gunboat Banjo (1878)
  • Maya class GB (1886)
  • Gunboat Oshima (1891)
German Navy 1898 Kaiserliche Marine
  • Ironclad Hansa (1872)
  • G.Kurfürst class (1873)
  • Kaiser class (1874)
  • Sachsen class (1877)
  • Ironclad Oldenburg (1884)

  • Ariadne class CVT (1871)
  • Leipzig class CVT (1875)
  • Bismarck class CVT (1877)
  • Carola class CVT (1880)
  • Corvette Nixe (1885)
  • Corvette Charlotte (1885)
  • Schwalbe class Cruisers (1887)
  • Bussard class (1890)

  • Aviso Zieten (1876)
  • Blitz class Avisos (1882)
  • Aviso Greif (1886)
  • Wacht class Avisos (1887)
  • Meteor class Avisos (1890)
  • Albatross class GBT (1871)
  • Cyclop GBT (1874)
  • Otter GBT (1877)
  • Wolf class GBT (1878)
  • Habitch class GBT (1879)
  • Hay GBT (1881)
  • Eber GBT (1881)
  • Rhein class Monitors (1872)
  • Wespe class Monitors (1876)
  • Brummer class Arm.Steamers (1884)
Russian Imperial Navy 1898 Russkiy Flot
Marina do Peru Marina Do Peru
  • Lima class Cruisers (1880)
  • Chilean TBs (1879)
Swedish Navy 1898 Svenska Marinen
Norwegian Navy 1898 Søværnet
  • Lindormen (1868)
  • Gorm (1870)
  • Odin (1872)
  • Helgoland (1878)
  • Tordenskjold (1880)
  • Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
Royal Navy 1898 Royal Navy 1898
  • Hotspur (1870)
  • Glatton (1871)
  • Devastation class (1871)
  • Cyclops class (1871)
  • Rupert (1874)
  • Neptune class (1874)
  • Dreadnought (1875)
  • Inflexible (1876)
  • Agamemnon class (1879)
  • Conqueror class (1881)
  • Colossus class (1882)
  • Admiral class (1882)
  • Trafalgar class (1887)
  • Victoria class (1890)
  • Royal Sovereign class (1891)
  • Centurion class (1892)
  • Renown (1895)

  • HMS Shannon (1875)
  • Nelson class (1876)
  • Iris class (1877)
  • Leander class (1882)
  • Imperieuse class (1883)
  • Mersey class (1885)
  • Surprise class (1885)
  • Scout class (1885)
  • Archer class (1885)
  • Orlando class (1886)
  • Medea class (1888)
  • Barracouta class (1889)
  • Barham class (1889)
  • Pearl class (1889)
  • 1870-90 Torpedo Boats
  • Spanish Navy 1898 Armada 1898
    • Ironclad Pelayo (1887)

    • Aragon class (1879)
    • Velasco class (1881)
    • Isla de Luzon (1886)
    • Alfonso XII class (1887)
    • Reina Regentes class (1887)
    • Infanta Maria Teresa class (1890)
    • Emperador Carlos V (1895)
    • Cristobal Colon (1896)
    • Princesa de Asturias class (1896)

    • Destructor class (1886)
    • Temerario class (1891)
    • TGunboat Filipinas (1892)
    • De Molina class (1896)
    • Furor class (1896)
    • Audaz class (1897)
    • Spanish TBs (1878-87)
    • Fernando class gunboats (1875)
    • Concha class gunboats (1883)
    US Navy 1898 1898 US Navy US Navy 1898☍ See the Page
    • USS Maine (1889)
    • USS Texas (1892)
    • Indiana class (1893)
    • USS Iowa (1896)

    • Amphitrite class (1876)
    • USS Puritan (1882)
    • USS Monterey (1891)

    • Atlanta class (1884)
    • USS Chicago (1885)
    • USS Charleston (1888)
    • USS Baltimore (1888)
    • USS Philadelphia (1889)
    • USS San Francisco (1889)
    • USS Newark (1890)
    • USS New York (1891)
    • USS Olympia (1892)
    • Cincinatti class (1892)
    • Montgomery class (1893)
    • Columbia class (1893)
    • USS Brooklyn (1895)

    • USS Vesuvius (1888)
    • USS Katahdin (1893)
    • USN Torpedo Boats (1886-1901)
    • GB USS Dolphin (1884)
    • Yorktown class GB (1888)
    • GB USS Petrel (1888)
    • GB USS Bancroft (1892)
    • Machias class GB (1891)
    • GB USS Nashville (1895)
    • Wilmington class GB (1895)
    • Annapolis class GB (1896)
    • Wheeling class GB (1897)
    • Small gunboats (1886-95)
    • St Louis class AMC (1894)
    • Harvard class AMC (1888)
    • USN Armoured Merchant Cruisers
    • USN Armed Yachts

    WW1

    ☉ Entente Fleets

    US ww1 US Navy ☍ See the Page
    British ww1 Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    French ww1 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
    Japan ww1 Nihhon Kaigun ☍ See the Page
    Russia ww1 Russkiy Flot ☍ See the Page
    Italy ww1 Regia Marina

    ✠ Central Empires

    German Navy 1914 Kaiserliche Marine
    austria-hungary ww1 KuK Kriesgmarine
    turkey ww1 Osmanli Donmanasi
    • Barbarossa class battleships (1892)
    • Yavuz (1914)
    • Cruiser Mecidieh (1903)
    • Cruiser Hamidieh (1903)
    • Cruiser Midilli (1914)
    • Namet Torpedo cruisers (1890)
    • Sahahani Deria Torpedo cruisers (1892)
    • Destroyers class Berk-Efshan (1894)
    • Destroyers class Yarishar (1907)
    • Destroyers class Muavenet (1909)
    • Berk i Savket class Torpedo gunboats (1906)
    • Marmaris gunboat (1903)
    • Sedd ul Bahr class gunboats (1907)
    • Isa Reis class gunboats (1911)
    • Preveze class gunboats (1912)
    • Turkish WW1 Torpedo Boats
    • Turkish Armed Yachts (1861-1903)
    • Turkish WW1 Minelayers

    ⚑ Neutral Countries

    Americas
    Argentinian navy Argentina
    Brazilian Navy Brazil
    Chilean Navy 1914 Chile
    Cuban Navy 1914 Cuba
    • Gunboat Baire (1906)
    • Gunboat Patria (1911)
    • Diez de octubre class GB (1911)
    • Sloop Cuba (1911)
    Haitian Navy 1914 Haiti
    • Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
    • GB Toussaint Louverture (1886)
    • GB Capois la Mort (1893)
    • GB Crete a Pierot (1895)
    Mexican Navy Mexico
    • Cruiser Zatagosa (1891)
    • GB Plan de Guadalupe (1892)
    • Tampico class GB (1902)
    • N. Bravo class GB (1903)
    Peruvian Navy 1914 Peru
    • Almirante Grau class (1906)
    • Ferre class subs. (1912)
    Europe
    Bulgarian Navy Bulgaria
    • Cruiser Nadezhda (1898)
    • Drski class TBs (1906)
    Danish Navy 1914 Denmark
    • Skjold class (1896)
    • Herluf Trolle class (1899)
    • Herluf Trolle (1908)
    • Niels Iuel (1918)
    • Hekla class cruisers (1890)
    • Valkyrien class cruisers (1888)
    • Fyen class crusiers (1882)
    • Danish TBs (1879-1918)
    • Danish Submarines (1909-1920)
    • Danish Minelayer/sweepers
    Greek Royal Navy Greece
    Dutch Empire Navy 1914 Netherlands
    • Eversten class (1894)
    • Konigin Regentes class (1900)
    • De Zeven Provincien (1909)
    • Dutch dreadnought (project)
    • Holland class cruisers (1896)
    • Fret class destroyers
    • Dutch Torpedo boats
    • Dutch gunboats
    • Dutch submarines
    • Dutch minelayers
    Norwegian Navy 1914 Norway
    • Haarfarge class (1897)
    • Norge class (1900)
    • Norwegian Monitors
    • Cr. Frithjof (1895)
    • Cr. Viking (1891)
    • DD Draug (1908)
    • Norwegian ww1 TBs
    • Norwegian ww1 Gunboats
    • Sub. Kobben (1909)
    • Ml. Fröya (1916)
    • Ml. Glommen (1917)
    Portuguese navy 1914 Portugal
    • Coastal Battleship Vasco da Gama (1875)
    • Cruiser Adamastor (1896)
    • Sao Gabriel class (1898)
    • Cruiser Dom Carlos I (1898)
    • Cruiser Rainha Dona Amelia (1899)
    • Portuguese ww1 Destroyers
    • Portuguese ww1 Submersibles
    • Portuguese ww1 Gunboats
    Romanian Navy 1914 Romania
    Spanish Armada Spain
    Swedish Navy 1914 Sweden
    Asia
    Chinese navy 1914 China
    Thai Empire Navy 1914 Thailand
    • Maha Chakri (1892)
    • Thoon Kramon (1866)
    • Makrut Rajakumarn (1883)

    ⚏ WW1 3rd/4th rank navies

    ✈ WW1 Naval Aviation

    US naval aviation USN
    • Boeing model 2/3/5 (1916)
    • Aeromarine 39 (1917)
    • Curtiss H (1917)
    • Curtiss F5L (1918)
    • Curtiss VE-7 (1918)
    • Curtiss NC (1918)
    • Curtiss NC4 (1918)
    RNAS RNAS
    • Short 184 (1915)
    • Fairey Campania (1917)
    • Felixtowe F2 (1916)
    • Felixtowe F3 (1917)
    • Felixtowe F5 (1918)
    • Sopwith Baby (1917)
    • Fairey Hamble Baby (1917)
    • Fairey III (1918)
    • Short S38 (1912)
    • Short Admiralty Type 166 (1914)
    • Short Admiralty Type 184 (1915)

    • Blackburn Kangaroo
    • Sopwith 1-1/2 Strutter
    • Sopwith Pup
    • Sopwith Cuckoo 1918
    • Royal Aircraft Factory Airships
    German Imperial naval aviation Marineflieger
    • Albatros W.4 (1916)
    • Albatros W.8 (1918)
    • Friedrichshafen Models
    • Gotha WD.1-27 (1918)
    • Hansa-Brandenburg series
    • L.F.G V.19 Stralsund (1918)
    • L.F.G W (1916)
    • L.F.G WD (1917)
    • Lübeck-Travemünde (1914)
    • Oertz W series (1914)
    • Rumpler 4B (1914)
    • Sablatnig SF (1916)
    • Zeppelin-Lindau Rs series
    • Kaiserlichesmarine Zeppelins
    French naval aviation French Naval Aviation
    • Borel Type Bo.11 (1911)
    • Nieuport VI.H (1912)
    • Nieuport X.H (1913)
    • Donnet-Leveque (1913)
    • FBA-Leveque (1913)
    • FBA (1913)
    • Donnet-Denhaut (1915)
    • Borel-Odier Type Bo-T(1916)
    • Levy G.L.40 (1917)
    • Blériot-SPAD S.XIV (1917)
    • Hanriot HD.2 (1918)
    • Zodiac Airships
    Italian naval aviation Italian Naval Aviation
    • Ansaldo SVA Idro (1916)
    • Ansaldo Baby Idro (1915)
    • Macchi M3 (1916)
    • Macchi M5 (1918)
    • SIAI S.12 (1918)
    Russian naval aviation Russian Naval Aviation
    • Grigorovich M-5 (1915)
    • Grigorovich M-9 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-11 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-15 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
    ✠ K.u.K. SeeFliegkorps
    • Lohner E (1914)
    • Lohner L (1915)
    • Oeffag G (1916)
    IJN Aviation IJN Air Service
    • IJN Farman 1914
    • Yokosho Rogou Kougata (1917)
    • Yokosuka Igo-Ko (1920)

    WW2

    ✪ Allied ww2 Fleets

    US ww2 US Navy
    British ww2 Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    French ww2 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
    Soviet ww2 Sovietskiy Flot ☍ See the Page
    Royal Canadian Navy Royal Canadian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Royal Australian Navy Royal Australian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Koninklije Marine, Dutch Navy ww2 Dutch Navy ☍ See the Page
    Chinese Navy Chinese Navy 1937 ☍ See the Page

    ✙ Axis ww2 Fleets

    Japan ww2 Imperial Japanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    italy ww2 Regia Marina ☍ See the Page
    German ww2 Kriegsmarine ☍ See the Page

    ⚑ Neutral Navies

    Armada de Argentina Argentinian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Marinha do Brasil Brazilian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Armada de Chile Chilean Navy ☍ See the Page
    Søværnet Danish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Niels Iuel (1918)
    • Danish ww2 Torpedo-Boats
    • Danish ww2 submarines
    • Danish ww2 minelayer/sweepers
    Merivoimat Finnish Navy ☍ See the Page
    Hellenic Navy Hellenic Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Greek ww2 Destroyers
    • Greek ww2 submarines
    • Greek ww2 minelayers
    Marynarka Vojenna Polish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cruiser ORP Dragon
    • Cruiser ORP Conrad
    • Brislawicka class Destroyers
    • Witcher ww2 Destroyers
    • Minelayer Gryf
    • Wilk class sub.
    • Orzel class sub.
    • Jakolska class minesweepers
    • Polish Monitors
    Portuguese navy ww2 Portuguese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Douro class DDs
    • Delfim class sub
    • Velho class gb
    • Albuquerque class gb
    • Nunes class sloops
    Romanian Navy Romanian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Romanian ww2 Destroyers
    • Romanian ww2 Submarines
    Royal Norwegian Navy Sjøforsvaret ☍ See the Page
    • Norwegian ww2 Torpedo-Boats
    Spanish Armada Spanish Armada ☍ See the Page
    Svenska Marinen Svenska Marinen ☍ See the Page
    • Sverige class CBBs (1915)
    • Gustav V class CBBs (1918)
    • Interwar Swedish CBB projects

    • Tre Kronor class (1943)
    • Gotland (1933)
    • Fylgia (1905)

    • Ehrernskjold class DDs (1926)
    • Psilander class DDs (1926)
    • Klas Horn class DDs (1931)
    • Romulus class DDs (1934)
    • Göteborg class DDs (1935)
    • Mode class DDs (1942)
    • Visby class DDs (1942)
    • Öland class DDs (1945)

    • Swedish ww2 TBs
    • Swedish ww2 Submarines
    • Swedish ww2 Minelayers
    • Swedish ww2 MTBs
    • Swedish ww2 Patrol Vessels
    • Swedish ww2 Minesweepers
    Türk Donanmasi Turkish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kocatepe class Destroyers
    • Tinaztepe class Destroyers
    • İnönü class submarines
    • Submarine Dumplumpynar
    • Submarine Sakarya
    • Submarine Gur
    • Submarine Batiray
    • Atilay class submarines
    Royal Yugoslav Navy Royal Yugoslav Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cruiser Dalmacija
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    Royal Thai Navy Royal Thai Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Taksin class
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    • Tachin class
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    minor navies Minor Navies ☍ See the Page

    ✈ Naval Aviation

    Latest entries | WW1 | Cold War
    US naval aviation USN aviation ☍ See the Page
    Fleet Air Arm ☍ See the Page
    IJN aviation ☍ See the Page
    • Mitsubishi 1MF (1923)
    • Nakajima A1N (1930)
    • Nakajima A2N (1932)
    • Mitsubishi A5M "Claude" (1935)
    • Nakajima A4N (1935)
    • Mitsubishi A6M "zeke" (1940)
    • Nakajima J1N Gekko "Irving" (1941)
    • Mitsubishi J2M Raiden "Jack" (1942)
    • Kawanishi N1K-J Shiden "George" (1942)
    • Nakajima J5N Tenrai (1944)

    • Aichi S1A Denko* (1944)
    • Mitsubishi A7M reppu* (1944)
    • Mitsubishi J8M1 Shusui* (1945)
    • Mitsubishi J8M2 Shusui-kai* (1945)
    • Kyushu J7W Shinden* (1945)
    • Nakajima J9Y Kikka* (1945)

    • Mitsubishi 1MT (1922)
    • Mitsubishi B1M (1923)
    • Mitsubishi B2M (1932)
    • Kugisho B3Y (1932)
    • Aichi D1A "Susie" (1934)
    • Yokosuka B4Y "Jean" (1935)
    • Mitsubishi B5M "Mabel" (1937)
    • Nakajima B5N "Kate" (1937)
    • Aichi D3A "Val" (1940)
    • Nakajima B6N "Jill" (1941)
    • Aichi B7A "Grace" (1942)
    • Nakajima C6N Saiun "Myrt" (1942)
    • Yokosuka D4Y "Judy" (1942)
    • Yokosuka MXY-7 "Baka" (1944)

    • Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" (1935)
    • Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" (1941)
    • Kawanishi P1Y Ginga "Frances" (1943)
    • Kyushu Q1W Tokai "Lorna" (1943)
    • Tachikawa Ki-74 "Patsy" (1944)
    • Nakajima G8N Renzan "Rita" (1944)

    • Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
    • Nakajima C2N1 (1931)
    • Yokosuka K5Y1 "Willow" (1933)
    • Nakajima L1N1 (1937)
    • Kawanishi H6K2/4-L (1938)
    • Kyushu K10W1 "Oak" (1941)
    • Kyushu K11W1 Shiragiku (1942)
    • Mitsubishi L4M1 (1942)
    • Nakajima G5N Shinzan "Liz" (1942)
    • Yokosuka L3Y "Tina" (1942)
    • Kyushu Q1W1-K "Lorna"(1943)
    • Aichi M6A1-K Nanzan (1943)
    • Yokosuka MXY-7K-1 "Kai" (1944)
    • Yokosuka MXY-8 Akigusa (1945)

    • Hiro H1H (1926)
    • Yokosuka E1Y (1926)
    • Nakajima E2N (1927)
    • Aichi E3A (1929)
    • Yokosuka K4Y (1930)
    • Nakajima E4N (1931)
    • Nakajima E8N "Dave" (1935)
    • Kawanishi E7K "Alf" (1935)
    • Kawanishi E11K1 (1937)
    • Aichi E11A "Laura" (1938)
    • Watanabe E9W (1938)
    • Watanabe K8W* (1938)
    • Mitsubishi F1M "pete" (1941)
    • Nakajima E14Y "Glen" (1941)
    • Aichi E13A "Jake" (1941)
    • Aichi H9A (1942)
    • Nakajima A6M2-N (1942)
    • Kawanishi E15K Shiun (1942)
    • Kawanishi N1K1 "Rex" (1943)
    • Aichi E16A "Zuiun" (1944)
    • Aichi M6A1 Seiran (1945)

    • Kawanishi E11K* (1937)
    • Kawanishi H6K "Mavis" (1938)
    • Kawanishi K6K* (1938)
    • Kawanishi H6K3 (1939)
    • Kawanishi K8K (1940)
    • Kawanishi H8K "Emily" (1942)
    • Yokosuka H5Y "Cherry" (1936)

    • Mitsubishi 2MR (1923)
    • Yokosho K1Y (1924)
    • Yokosuka K2Y (1928)
    • Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
    • Hitachi LXG1 (1934)
    • Kyushu K10W "Oak" (1943)
    Italian Aviation ☍ See the Page
    French Aeronavale ☍ See the Page
    • Levasseur PL5/9 (1924)
    • Wibault 74 (1926)
    • CAMS 37 (1926)
    • Gourdou-Leseurre GL.300 series (1926-39)
    • Levasseur PL7 (1928)
    • Levasseur PL10 (1929)
    • Latécoere 290 (1931)
    • Breguet 521/22/23 (1931)
    • Leo H257 bis (1932)
    • Latécoere 300 series (1932)
    • Morane 226 (1934)
    • Dewoitine 376 (1934)
    • Latécoere 321 (1935)
    • Potez 452 (1935)
    • Latécoere 38.1 (1936)
    • Loire 210 (1936)
    • Leo H43 (1936)
    • Levasseur PL107 (1937)
    • Loire 130 (1937)
    • Dewoitine HD.730 (1938)
    • Latecoere 298 (1938)
    • LN 401 (1938)
    Soviet Naval Aviation
    Luftwaffe (Naval) ☍ See the Page
    • Arado 197 (1937)
    • Fieseler Fi-167 (1938)
    • Junkers Ju-87C (1938)
    • Messerschmitt Me 109T (1941)
    • Messerschmitt 155 (1944)

    • Heinkel HE 1 (1921)
    • Caspar U1 (1922)
    • Dornier Do J Wal (1922)
    • Dornier Do 16 ‘Wal’ (1923)
    • Heinkel HE 2 (1923)
    • Junkers A 20/Ju 20 (1923)
    • Rohrbach Ro II (1923)
    • Rohrbach Ro III (1924)
    • Dornier Do D (1924)
    • Dornier Do E (1924)
    • Junkers G 24 (1924)
    • Rohrbach Ro IV (1925)
    • Heinkel HD 14 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 25 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 26 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 24 (1926)
    • Heinkel HE 4 (1926)
    • Junkers W 33/34 (1926)
    • Heinkel HE 5 (1926)
    • Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe (1926)
    • Rohrbach Ro V Rocco (1927)
    • Heinkel HE 31 (1927)
    • Heinkel HE 8 (1927)
    • Arado W II (1928)
    • Heinkel HD 9 (1928)
    • Heinkel HD 16 (1928)
    • Heinkel He 55 (1929)
    • Heinkel He 56 (1929)
    • Arado SSD I (1930)
    • Junkers Ju 52w (1930)
    • Heinkel HE 42 (1931)
    • Heinkel He 50 (1931)
    • Heinkel He 59 (1931)
    • Arado Ar 66 (1932)
    • Heinkel He 58 (1932)
    • Junkers Ju 46 (1932)
    • Klemm Kl 35bW (1932)
    • Heinkel He 62 (1932)
    • Heinkel He 60 (1933)
    • Heinkel He 51w (1933)
    • Arado Ar 95 (1937)
    • Arado Ar 196 (1937)
    • Arado Ar 199 (1939)
    • Blohm & Voss Ha 139 (1936)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 138 (1937)
    • Blohm & Voss Ha 140 (1937)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 222 (1938)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 238 (1942)
    • Dornier Do 24/318 (1937)
    • Dornier Do 18 (1935)
    • Dornier Do 26 (1938)
    • Dornier Do 22 (1938)
    • DFS Seeadler (1936)
    • Focke-Wulf Fw 58W (1935)
    • Focke-Wulf Fw 62 (1937)
    • Heinkel He 114 (1936)
    • Heinkel He 115 (1936)
    • Heinkel He 119 (1936)
    Dutch Naval Aviation
    • Fokker W.3 (1915)
    • Fokker T.II (1921)
    • Fokker B.I/III (1922)
    • Fokker B.II (1923)
    • Fokker T.III (1924)
    • Fokker T.IV (1927)
    • Fokker B.IV (1928)
    • Fokker C.VII W (1928)
    • Fokker C.VIII W (1929)
    • Fokker C.XI W (1934)
    • Fokker C.XIV-W (1937)
    • Fokker T.VIII-W (1939)

    ☢ The Cold War

    ☭ WARSAW PACT

    Sovietskaya Flota Sovietskiy flot ☍ See the Page
    Warsaw Pact cold war navy Warsaw Pact Navies ☍ See the Detail
    • Albania
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    • Volksmarine East Germany
    • Parchim class corvettes (1985)
    • Hai class sub-chasers (1958)
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    • ORP Warzsawa (1970)
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    • Polish Landing ships
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    • Polish Patrol ships
    • Polish Minesweepers
    • Missile Destroyer Muntenia (1982)
    • Tetal class Frigates (1981)
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    ✦ NATO

    bundesmarine Bundesmarine ☍ See the Page
    Dutch Navy Danish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Hvidbjornen class Frigates (1962)
    • Frigate Beskytteren (1976)
    • Peder Skram class Frigates (1965)
    • Thetis class frigates (1989)
    • Bellona class corvettes (1955)
    • Niels Juel class corvettes (1979)

    • Delfinen class submarines (1958)
    • Narhvalen class submarines (1970)

    • Bille class Torpedo Boats (1946)
    • Flyvefisken class Torpedo Boats (1954)
    • Falken class Torpedo Boats (1960)
    • Soloven class Torpedo Boats (1962)
    • Willemoes class FAC (1976)
    • Flyvefisken class FAC (1989)
    • Daphne class Patrol Boats (1960)
    • Danish Minelayers
    • Danish Minesweepers
    Dutch Navy Dutch Navy ☍ See the Page
    • CV Karel Doorman (1948)
    • De Zeven Provinciën class cruisers (1945)
    • Holland class DDs (1953)
    • Friesland class DDs (1953)
    • Roodfier class Frigates (1953)
    • Frigate Lynx (1954)
    • Van Speijk class Frigates (1965)
    • Tromp class Frigates (1973)
    • Kortenaer class frigates (1976)
    • Van H. class Frigates (1983)
    • K. Doorman class Frigates (1988)
    • Dolfijn clas sub. (1959)
    • Zwaardvis class subs. (1970)
    • Walrus class subs. (1985)
    • ATD Rotterdam (1990s)
    • Dokkum class minesweepers (1954)
    • Alkmaar class minesweepers (1982)
    Hellenic Navy Hellenic Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Hydra class FFs (1990)
    • Greek cold war Subs
    • Greek Amphibious ships
    • Greek MTBs/FACs
    • Greek Patrol Vessels
    Eire Irish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Eithne class PBs (1983)
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    Marina Militare Marina Militare ☍ See the Page
      Aircraft Carriers
    • Giuseppe Garibaldi (1983)
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    • Cruisers
    • Missile cruiser Garibaldi (1960)
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    • Destroyers

    • Impetuoso class (1956)
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    • Audace class (1971)
    • De La Penne class (1989)
    • Orizzonte class (2007)*
    • Frigates
    • Grecale class (1949)
    • Canopo class (1955)
    • Bergamini class (1960)
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    • Lupo class (1976)
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    • Bergamini class (2013)*
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    • Corvettes (OPV)
    • Albatros class (1954)
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    • Esploratore class (1997)*
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    • Submarines
    • Toti class (1967)
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    • Pelosi class (1986)
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    • Attack/Amphibious ships
    • San Giorgio LSD (1987)
    • Gorgona class CTS (1987)
    • Italian Landing Crafts (1947-2020)
    • Misc. ships
    • Folgore PB (1952)
    • Lampo class PBs (1960)
    • Freccia class PBs (1965)
    • Sparviero class GMHF (1973)
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    • Anteo SRS (1980)
    • Etna class LSS (1988)
    • Vulcano AOR (1998)*
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    • Mine warfare ships
    • Lerici class (1982)
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    Marine Française Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
      Battleships
    • Jean Bart (1949)
    • Aircraft/Helicopter carriers
    • Dixmude (1946)
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    • Lafayette class light carriers (1954)
    • PA 28 class project (1947)
    • Clemenceau class (1957)
    • Jeanne d'Arc (1961)
    • PA 58 (1958)
    • PH 75/79 (1975)
    • Charles de Gaulle (1994)

    • Cruisers
    • De Grasse (1946)
    • Chateaurenault class (1950)
    • Colbert (1956)

    • Destroyers
    • Surcouf class (1953)
    • Duperre class (1956)
    • La Galissonniere class (1960)
    • Suffren class (1965)
    • Aconit (1970)
    • Tourville class (1972)
    • G. Leygues class (1976)
    • Cassard class (1985)

    • Frigates
    • Le Corse class (1952)
    • Le Normand class (1954)
    • Cdt Riviere class (1958)
    • Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
    • Lafayette class (1990)

    • Corvettes
    • Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
    • Floreal class (1990)

    • Submarines
    • La Creole class (1940)
    • Narval class (1954)
    • Arethuse class (1957)
    • Daphne class (1959)
    • Gymnote test SSBN (1964)
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    • Agosta SSN (1974)
    • Rubis SSN (1979)
    • Amethyste SSN (1988)
    • Le Triomphant SSBN (started 1989)

    • Amphibian Ships
    • Issole (1958)
    • EDIC class (1958)
    • Trieux class (1958)
    • Ouragan lass (1963)
    • Champlain lass (1973)
    • Bougainville (1986)
    • Foudre class (1988)
    • CDIC lass (1989)

    • Misc. ships
    • Le Fougueux class (1958)
    • La Combattante class (1964)
    • Trident class (1976)
    • L'Audacieuse class (1984)
    • Grebe class (1989)
    • Sirius class (1952)
    • Circe class (1972)
    • Eridan class (1979)
    • Vulcain class (1986)
    RCAN RCAN ☍ See the Page
    • HCMS Bonaventure (1957)
    • St Laurent class DDE (1951)
    • Algonquin class DDE (1952)
    • Restigouche class DDs (1954)
    • Mackenzie class DDs (1961)
    • Annapolis class DDH (1963)
    • Iroquois class DDH (1970)

    • River (mod) 1955
    • Tribal class FFs (Pjct)
    • City class DDH (1988)

    • Ojibwa class sub. (1964)
    • Kingston class MCFV (1995)
    Royal Navy Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cold War Aircraft Carriers
    • Centaur class (1947)
    • HMS Victorious (1957)
    • HMS Eagle (1946)
    • HMS Ark Royal (1950)
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    • CVA-01 class (1966 project)
    • Invincible class (1977)

    • Cold War Cruisers
    • Tiger class (1945)

    • Destroyers
    • Daring class (1949)
    • 1953 design (project)
    • Cavendish class (1944)
    • Weapon class (1945)
    • Battle class (1945)
    • FADEP program (1946)
    • County class GMD (1959)
    • Bristol class GMD (1969)
    • Sheffield class GMD (1971)
    • Manchester class GMD (1980)
    • Type 43 GMD (1974)

    • British cold-war Frigates
    • Rapid class (1942)
    • Tenacious class (1941)
    • Whitby class (1954)
    • Blackwood class (1953)
    • Leopard class (1954)
    • Salisbury class (1953)
    • Tribal class (1959)
    • Rothesay class (1957)
    • Leander class (1961)
    • BB Leander class (1967)
    • HMS Mermaid (1966)
    • Amazon class (1971)
    • Broadsword class (1976)
    • Boxer class (1981)
    • Cornwall class (1985)
    • Duke class (1987)

    • British cold war Submarines
    • T (conv.) class (1944)
    • T (Stream) class (1945)
    • A (Mod.) class (1944)
    • Explorer class (1954)
    • Strickleback class (1954)
    • Porpoise class (1956)
    • Oberon class (1959)
    • HMS Dreanought SSN (1960)
    • Valiant class SSN (1963)
    • Resolution class SSBN (1966)
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    • Upholder class (1986)
    • Vanguard class SSBN (started)

    • Assault ships
    • Fearless class (1963)
    • HMS Ocean (started)
    • Sir Lancelot LLS (1963)
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    • Ardennes/Avon class (1976)
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    • Brit. LCM(9) (1980)

    • Minesweepers/layers
    • Ton class (1952)
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    • HMS Abdiel (1967)
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    • Hunt class (1978)
    • Venturer class (1979)
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    • Sandown class (1988)

    • Misc. ships
    • HMS Argus ATS (1988)
    • Ford class SDF (1951)
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    • Island class OPVs (1976)
    • HMS Speedy PHDF (1979)
    • Castle class OPVs (1980)
    • Peacock class OPVs (1982)
    • MBT 538 class (1948)
    • Gay class FACs (1952)
    • Dark class FACs (1954)
    • Bold class FACs (1955)
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    • Tenacity class PCs (1967)
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    Armada de espanola - Spanish cold war navy Spanish Armada ☍ See the Page
    • Dédalo aircraft carrier (1967)
    • Principe de Asturias (1982)

    • Alava class DDs (1946)
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    • Oquendo class DDs (1956)
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    • Baleares class FFs (1971)
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    • Pizarro class gunboats (1944)
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    Svenska Marinen Svenska Marinen ☍ See the Page
    • Tre Kronor class (1946)
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    • U1 class subs (mod.1963)
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    • Nacken class subs (1978)
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    • Gotland class subs (1995)

    • T32 class MTBs (1951)
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    • Plejad class FACs (1951)
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    Taiwanese Navy Taiwanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
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    • Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
    • LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
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    • MWW 50 class minehunters
    Turkish Navy Turkish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Berk class FFs (1971)
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    • Cakabey class LST
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    US Navy USN (cold war) ☍ See the Page

    ☯ ASIA

    Chinese Navy ☍ See the Page
    Indian Navy Indian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Vikrant class CVs (1961)
    • Viraat class CVs (1986)

    • Cruiser Delhi (1948)
    • Cruiser Mysore (1957)
    • Raja class DDs (1949)
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    • Khukri class FFs (1956)
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    • Kusura class subs (1970)
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    • Indian Amphibious ships
    • Indian corvettes (1969-90)
    • Khukri class corvettes (1989)
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    Indonesia Indonesian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Fatahilla class Frigates (1977)
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    JMSDF JMSDF ☍ See the Page
      JMSDF Destroyers
    • Harukaze class DD (1955)
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    • Amatukaze missile DD (1963)
    • Yamagumo class DDE (1965)
    • Takatsuki class DD (1966)
    • Minegumo class DDE (1967)
    • Haruna class DDH (1971)
    • Tachikaze class DD (1974)
    • Shirane class DDH (1978)
    • Hatsuyuki class DDs (1980)
    • Hatakaze class DDs (1984)
    • Asigiri class DDs (1986)
    • Kongo class DDs (started 1990)

    • JMSDF Frigates
    • Akebono class FFs (1955)
    • Isuzu class FFs (1961)
    • Chikugo class FFs (1970)
    • Ishikari class FFs (1980)
    • Yubari class FFs (1982)
    • Abukuma class FFs (1988)

    • JMSDF submarines
    • Oyashio class Sub. (1959)
    • Hayashio class Sub. (1961)
    • Natsushio class Sub. (1963)
    • Oshio class Sub. (1964)
    • Uzushio class Sub. (1970)
    • Yushio class Sub. (1979)
    • Harushio class Sub. (1989)

    • JMSDF Misc. ships
    • Japanese Landing Ships
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    North Korean Navy North Korean Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Najin class Frigates
    • Experimental Frigate Soho
    • Sariwan class Corvettes

    • Sinpo class subs.
    • Sang-O class subs.
    • Yono class subs.
    • Yugo class subs.

    • Hungnam class LCM
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    • Songjong class HVC
    • Sin Hung/Ku Song FACs
    • Anju class FACs
    • Iwon class FACs
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    • Hong Jin class FAC-G
    • Sohung class MTBs
    • Sinpo class MTBs
    • Nampo class FALC
    Philippines Navy Philippines Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Datu Kalantian class Frigates (1976)
    • Bacolod City class LS(L)
    • Philippino Patrol Crafts
    Rep. of Korea Navy ROKN ☍ See the Page
    • Ulsan class frigates (1980)
    • Pohang class corvettes (1984)
    • Dong Hae class corvettes (1982)
    • Han Kang class patrol corvettes (1985)
    • Chamsuri (PKM 268) PBs (1978)
    • ROKS coast guard vessels
    • Paek Ku class FAC (1975)
    • Kang Keong class minehunters (1986)
    Taiwanese Navy Taiwanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
    • Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
    • Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
    • LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
    • Fuh Chow class FAC
    • Lung Chiang class FAC
    • Hai Ou class FAC(M)
    • MWW 50 class minehunters

    ☪ MIDDLE EAST

    Israeli Navy IDF Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Eilat class Corvettes (1993)
    • SAAR 5 Project
    • SAAR 1 FAC
    • SAAR 4 FAC
    • SAAR 4.5 FAC
    • Dvora class FAC
    • Shimrit class MHFs
    • IDF FACs/PBs
    • Etzion Geber LST
    • Ash class LCT
    Iranian Navy Iranian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Destroyer Artemiz (1965)
    • Bayandor class FFs (1963)
    • Alvand class FFs (1969)
    • Khalije Fars class DDs (2016)*

    ♅ OCEANIA

    Australian Navy RAN ☍ See the Page
    • HMAS Sydney (1948*)
    • HMAS Melbourne (1955*)
    • Tobruk class DDs (1947)
    • Voyager class DDs (1952)
    • Perth class MDD (1963)
    • Quadrant class FFs (1953)
    • Yarra class FFs (1958)
    • Swan class FFs (1967)
    • Adelaide class MFFs (1978)
    • Anzac class MFFs (1990s)
    • Oxley class subs (1965)
    • Collins class subs (1990s)
    • Australian Amphibious ships
    • Fremantle class PBs
    RNZN Royal New Zealand Navy ☍ See the Page
    • HMNZS Royalist (1956)
    • Pukaki class patrol Crafts (1974)
    • Moa class patrol crafts (1983)
    • HMNZS Aotearoa (2019)*

    ☩ South America

    Armada de argentina Argentina ☍ See the Page
    • ARA Independencia (1958)
    • ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (1968)
    • Belgrano class cruisers (1951)
    • Almirante Brown class Frigates (1981)
    • Mantilla class corvettes (1981)
    • Espora class corvettes (1982)
    • Salta class submarines (1972)
    • Santa Cruz class submarines (1982)
    Brazilian Navy Brazilian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Minas Gerais aircraft carrier (1956)
    • Cruiser Barroso (1951)
    • Cruiser Tamandare (1951)
    • Acre class destroyers (1945)
    • Niteroi class Frigates (1974)
    • Ihnauma class Frigate (1986)
    • Tupi class submarines (1987)
    • Brazilian patrol ships
    Chilean Navy Chilean Navy ☍ See the Page
    • O'Higgins class cruisers
    • Lattore Cruiser (1971)
    • Almirante class destroyers (1960)
    • Prat class M. Destroyers (1982)
    • Almirante Lynch class Frigates (1972)
    • Thomson class subs (1982)
    • Small surface combatants
    Peruvian Navy Peruvian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Almirante Grau(ii) class
    • Almirante Grau(iii) class
    • Abtao class sub.
    • PR-72P class corvettes
    • Velarde class OPVs

    ℣ AFRICA

    Egyptian Navy Egyptian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • October class FAC/M (1975)
    • Ramadan class FAC/M (1979)
    SADF South African Navy ☍ See the Page
    ☫ Minor cold war/modern Navies Algerian NavyAzerbaijani NavyBangladesh NavyBarheini NavyBolivian NavyCambodian NavyComoros NavyCosta Rica NavyCroatian NavyCuban NavyDjibouti NavyDominican Republic NavyEquadorian NavyEstonian NavyEthiopian NavyFinnish NavyGeorgian NavyHaitian NavyHonduras NavyIcelandic NavyIraqi NavyJordanian NavyKuwaiti NavyLatvian NavyLebanese NavyLiberian NavyLibyan NavyLithuanian NavyMauritanian NavyMexican NavyMorrocan NavyNicaraguan NavyNorwegian NavyOmani NavyPakistani NavyParaguaian NavyQatari NavySan Salvador NavySaudi NavySerbian NavySingaporean NavySlovenian NavySomalian NavySudanese NavySyrian NavyThai NavyTunisian NavyUAE NavyUruguayan NavyVenezuelan NavyVietnamese NavyYemeni NavyZanzibar Navy

    ✚ MORE

    ⚔ Cold War Naval Events
    • ⚔ Indochina War naval ops
    • ⚔ Korean War naval ops
    • ⚔ 1956 intervention in Suez
    • ⚔ 1960 Cuban crisis
    • ⚔ 1960 US/Soviet compared strenghts
    • ⚔ 1963-69 Algerian war naval ops
    • ⚔ Naval warfare in Vietnam
    • ⚔ Middle East naval fights
    • ⚔ 1980 Falkland wars
    • ⚔ 1990 Gulf War
    ⚔ Modern Navies
    ✈ Cold War Naval Aviation See the full section
    Seaplanes
    • Grumman Mallard 1946
    • Edo OSE-1 1946
    • Short Solent 1946

    • de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver 1947
    • Grumman Albatross 1947
    • Hughes H-4 Hercules (completed & first flight, prototype)
    • Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 1947 (jet fighter seaplane prototype)
    • Short Sealand 1947

    • Martin P5M Marlin 1948
    • Supermarine Seagull ASR-1 1948 (prototype successor to the Walrus)
    • Nord 1400 Noroit 1949
    • Norsk Flyindustri Finnmark 5A (interesting Norwegian prototype)
    • SNCASE SE-1210 French prototype flying boat 1949

    • Convair R3Y Tradewind USN patrol flying boat 1950
    • Goodyear Drake (proto seaboat) 1950
    • de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter 1951 (RCAN)
    • Saunders-Roe Princess 1952 (RN requisition possible)

    • Convair F2Y Sea Dart Prototype delta jet fighter seaplane 1953
    • Martin P6M SeaMaster strategic bomber flying boat 1955

    • Ikarus Kurir H 1957

    • Shin Meiwa UF-XS prototype 1962
    • Shin Meiwa PS-1 patrol flying boat 1967
    • Canadair CL-215 1967 water bomber, some operated by the RCAN
    • GAF Nomad patrol australian land/floatplane 1971
    • Harbin SH-5 Main PLAN patrol flying boat 1976
    • Cessna 208 Caravan transport flotplane (some navies) 1982
    • Dornier Seastar prototype 1984

    • Patrol Planes
    • ATR 42 MP Surveyor (Italy, 1984)
    • ATR 72 MP (Italy 1988)

    • ATR 72 ASW (France, 1988)
    • Breguet Atlantic (France 1965)
    • Nord 1402 Noroit (France 1949)

    • Avro Shackleton (UK 1949)
    • BAE Nimrod MRA4 (UK 2004)
    • Britten-Norman Defender/Islander (UK 1970)
    • Fairey Gannet (UK 1949)
    • Hawker-Siddeley Nimrod (UK 1967)

    • Beechcraft King Air (USA 1963)
    • Basler BT-67 (USA 1990)
    • Boeing 737 Surveiller (USA 1967)
    • Boeing P-8 Poseidon (USA 2009)
    • Lockheed P-2 Neptune (USA, 1945)
    • Lockheed P-3 Orion (USA 1959)
    • Martin P4M Mercator (USA 1946)
    • Convair P5Y (USA 1950)
    • Douglas/BSAS Turbo Dakota (USA 1991)

    • Bombardier DHC-8 MPA/MSA (Can 2007)
    • Canadair CP-107 Argus (Can 1957)

    • CASA C-212 MPA (Spain 1971)
    • CASA/IPTN CN-235 MPA/HC-144 Ocean Sentry (Spain 1983)
    • CASA C-295 MPA (Spain 1997)

    • Diamond DA42 Guardian (Austria 2002)

    • Dornier 228 (Germany 1981)

    • Embraer EMB 111 Bandeirante (Brazil 1968)
    • Embraer R-99 (Brazil 2001)
    • Embraer P-99 (Brazil 2003)

    • Fokker F27 200-MAR (NL 1955)
    • Fokker F27 Maritime Enforcer (NL 1955)

    • IAI 1124N Sea Scan (Israel 1977)

    • Kawasaki P-1 (Japan 2007)
    • Kawasaki P-2J (Japan 1966)

    • Saab Swordfish (Sweden 2016)
    • Shaanxi Y-8F,Q,X (China 1984)
    • Short Seavan (UK 1976)

    • Beriev Be-8 1947
    • Beriev Be-6 1949
    • Beriev R-1 turbojet prototype seaplane 1952
    • Beriev Be-10 1956
    • Beriev Be-12 Chaika 1960
    • Beriev Be-40/A-40 Albatross prototypes 1986
    • Chetverikov TA-1 1947
    • Ilyushin Il-38 'May' (USSR 1967)
    • Myasishchev 3M/3MD (USSR 1956)
    • Tupolev Tu-16T/PL/R/RM/SP (USSR 1952)
    • Tupolev Tu-95MR (USSR 1961)
    • Tupolev Tu-142 (USSR 1968)

    • Carrier Planes
      USN
    • Douglas A-3 Skywarrior
    • Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
    • Douglas A2D Skyshark
    • Douglas AD Skyraider
    • Douglas F3D Skynight
    • Douglas F4D Skyray
    • Grumman A-6 Intruder
    • Grumman AF Guardian
    • Grumman C-1 Trader
    • Grumman C-2 Greyhound
    • Grumman E-1 Tracer
    • Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
    • Grumman EA-6B Prowler
    • Grumman F-9 Cougar
    • Grumman F9F Panther
    • Grumman F-11 Tiger
    • Grumman F-14 Tomcat ➚
    • Grumman S-2 Tracker
    • Lockheed Martin F-35B
    • Lockheed S-3 Viking ➚
    • McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
    • McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk
    • McDonnell FH Phantom
    • McDonnell F2H Banshee
    • McDonnell F3H Demon
    • McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B Harrier II
    • McDonnell-Douglas F/A-18 Hornet
    • North American A-5 Vigilante
    • North American AJ Savage
    • North American FJ Fury
    • North American T-2 Buckeye
    • North American T-28 Trojan
    • Vought A-7 Corsair
    • Vought F-8 Crusader
    • Vought F6U Pirate
    • Vought F7U Cutlass
    • Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
    • Boeing EA-18G Growler
    • RN
    • Blackburn Buccaneer
    • Boulton Paul Sea Balliol
    • BAe Sea Harrier
    • de Havilland Sea Vampire
    • de Havilland Sea Venom
    • de Havilland Sea Vixen
    • Fairey Gannet
    • Hawker Sea Hawk
    • Short Seamew
    • Westland Wyvern
    • Marine Nationale
    • Breguet Alizé
    • Dassault Étendard IV
    • Dassault Super Étendard
    • Dassault Rafale M
    • Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr M
    • SNCASE Aquilon
    • Soviet Navy
    • Sukhoi Su-25UTG/UBP
    • Sukhoi Su-33
    • Yakovlev Yak-38

    Navy Helicopters
      Chinese PLAN:
    • Harbin Z-5 (1958)
    • Harbin Z-9 Haitun (1981)
    • Changhe Z-8 (1985)
    • Harbin Z-20 (in development)
    • Italy:
    • Agusta Bell AB-205 (1961)
    • Agusta Bell AB-212 (1971)
    • Agusta AS-61 (1968)
    • India:
    • Hal Dhruv (Indian Navy)
    • France:
    • Alouette II (1955)
    • Alouette III (1959)
    • Super Frelon (1965)

    • Cougar ()
    • Panther ()
    • Super Cougar H225M ()
    • Fennec ()
    • MH-65 Dolphin ()
    • UH-72 Lakota ()
    • Germany:
    • MBB Bo 105 (1967)
    • NHIndustries NH90
    • Japan:
    • Mitsubishi H-60 (1987)
    • Poland:
    • PZL W-3 Sokół (1979)
    • Romania:
    • IAR 330M (1975)
    • United Kingdom:
    • Westland Lynx (1971)
    • Westland Scout (1960) RAN
    • Westland Sea King (1969)
    • Westland Wasp (1962)
    • Westland Wessex (1958)
    • Westland Whirlwind (1953)
    • Westland WS-51 Dragonfly (1948)
    • USA:
    • Gyrodyne QH-50 DASH
    • Hiller ROE Rotorcycle (1956)
    • Piasecki HRP Rescuer (1945)
    • Bell UH-1N Twin Huey (1969)
    • SH-2 Seasprite (1959)
    • SH-2G Super Seasprite (1982)
    • CH-53 Sea Stallion (1966)
    • SH-60 Seahawk (1979)
    • Sikorsky S-61R (1959)
    • MH-53E Sea Dragon (1974)
    • ussr:
    • Kamov Ka 20 (1958)
    • Ka-25 "Hormone" (1960)
    • Ka-27 "Helix" (1973)
    • Ka-31 (1987)
    • Ka-35 (2015)
    • Ka-40 (1990)
    • Mil-Mi 2 (1949)
    • Mil Mi-4 (1952)
    Civilian ♆ WW1 US Shipping Board
    MORE !