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WW2 British Cruisers
United Kingdom (1931-35)
68 cruisers 1919-45
From the C-class to the Tiger
The history of development of British cruisers goes all the way back to 1912, when the standard "C" series were first designed. Unlike in the US Navy or IJN whose cruisers were ordered at the end of WW1 and essentially built in the interwar, the long lineage of British cruisers was the richest and most complex among the allies. Whereas the USN made a very long "pause" from the 1907' Chester class, construction of cruisers went on before and during WWI in Great Britain, with the drive for standardization with gradual improvements, from the C to the D and finally E class, while the Hawkins created a brand new branch, pioneering the "heavy cruiser". The Washington treaty then simply confirmed this evolution, cemented in two classes defined by their main caliber guns - 6 inches and 8 inches, already standards in the Royal Navy. The treaty of London in 1930 and in 1935 would also largely impact cruiser design worldwide, and interwar cruiser construction was never interrupted contrary to battleships, securing the interest of publication of the time and trigerring peacetime technological rivalries.
British cruisers, whatever their age or type, proved indispensable to the war effort during WW2, wether they escortted convoys or fought in the Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Far east and Pacific. Many were lost as a result of continuous action, more in proportion than in the USN, but still far less than in the IJN: HMS Calypso, Curacoa, Coventry, Curlew, Cairo, Calcutta, Carlisle for the C class alone, HMS Effingham, Dunedin and two more scuttled for the D class, Cornwall, Canberra, and Dorsetshire for the County class, York and Exeter, Leander and Neptune, Perth and Sydney for the Commonwealth, Galatea and Penelope, Southampton, Gloucester, Manchester, Edinburgh for the "Town" class, Bonaventure, Charybdis, Hermione, Naiad, Spartan for the AA cruisers, Fiji and Trinidad for the "colony", Abdiel, Latona and Welshman for the minelayer cruisers, so 34 cruisers lost in all during WW2, for 69 mobilized, an attrition rate of about 50%... If there was any doubt, that alone tells volumes about the Commitment of the RN.
County class cruisers - HMS Devonshire as built
Overview: 69 cruisers
Heavy Cruisers
13
County class
heavy cruisers (1926-29): Three sub-classes classes and individual rebuilt like th HMS London. The counties made the bulk of the Royal Navy' long range cruiser force, heavily engaged on all fronts.
0
Surrey class
heavy cruisers (1928): 8x 8-in heavy cruisers cancelled for the York class.
2
York class
heavy cruisers (1928-29) : Smaller, the York differed from the Exeter to the point they were sometimes separated, but only by appearance.
10
Town class
heavy cruisers (1936-1939): The 6-in treaty cruisers, with three sub-classes.
3
Hawkins class
heavy cruisers (1917-1921): Individual masked guns, obsolete configuration in 1939.
Light cruisers
1
HMS Adventure
minelayer cruiser (1924): 4x 4.7-in, 8,000 tons, 28 kts, but 280 mines.
5
Leander class
light cruisers (1931-34): "washington" cruisers armed with 8 x 152 mm (6 in).
3
Perth class
light cruisers (1934): Of a closed model, used by Australia.
4
Arethusa class
light cruisers (1934-36): One less turret.
3
Caledon class
light cruisers (1916-17): Oldest of the C-class in service. Modernized, escorts.
5
Ceres class
light crusiers (1917): C class mostly rebuilt as AA cruisers escorts during WW2
5
Carlisle class
light cruisers (1918-19): C-class cruisers
8
Danae class
light cruisers (1918-19): Modernised C-class, converted as AA cruisers in WW2
2
Enterprise class
light cruisers (1919-1920): First with a twin turret, modernized, active in 1939.
Wartime Cruisers
10
Fiji (Crown Colony) class
1940-42 Light cruisers: 3x3 6in
5
Abdiel class
1940 Minelayer cruisers: 3x2 4in, 150 mines
6
Dido class
1939-41 AA cruisers: 5x2 4in dp
4
Bellona class
1943-44 AA cruisers: 4x2 4in dp
2
Swiftsfure class
1944-45 Light cruisers: 3x3 6in
5
Tiger class
1945 Light cruisers: Completed postwar modified 6x2 6in dp
Influence of treaties
Contrary to the years preceding WW1, cruiser development was not done in a vacuum during the interwar years: Three dates are to be taken in consideration:
The 1922 Washington treaty:
This treaty defined a global tonnage, two types of cruisers based on tonnage and main gun armament (6 inches or 8 inches). Hughes proposed to limit cruisers in the same proportions as capital ships but both colonial empire of the time, the British and French refused. There was a British counterproposal, asked for a special allocation of 450,000 tons for cruisers in consideration of the Empire, the United States and Japan limited in that to 300,000 and 250,000 respectively. This trigerred vivid protestations and dicussions heating up until it was decided to drop any limitations in total cruiser tonnage to not having the whole treaty bogged down.
For pacifists (and anti-imperialists) it was nothing more than a betrayal of the original spirit of the treaty. The British delegates as a gesture however, suggested a qualitative limit for future cruiser construction, based on a maximal 10,000 ton standard displacement with 8-inch calibre guns (no limitations in numbers). This allowed the RN to keep the
Hawkins class
then still in construction and found a soft spot in American requirements looking for cruisers intended to serve in the Pacific Ocean operations. This also enabled the Furutaka class desgn for Japan. Therefore, like in many other signatory countries, the construction focus was soon put on heavy cruisers with the County class, once the WW1 designed cruisers were completed.
1930 treaty of London:
In 1930 was indeed signed the treaty of London, by Japan and original Washington delegations. For cruisers, it made a distinction between cruisers armed with guns up to 6.1 in (155 mm) as "light cruisers" from the heavy cruisers armed with 8 in, and it was limited this time: The RN was permitted 15 heavy cruisers, for a total of 147,000 tonnes, and no limitations for light cruisers, but also a global tonnage limits at 192,200 tons for the British (again the higest ration among signatories, based on the needs of the colonies). The acceptations were in part dictated by the economical crisis. The order of the day was now budget restrictions.
15 heavy cruisers represented the exact County class and the two York class, so this automatically shelved also the planned Surrey class. For light cruisers, this conducted exercizes in tonnage reduction and designs such as the Arethusa and later the Dido class. In 1932, there was another attempted naval arms control, the second Geneva Naval Conference which forced Italy to retired 130,000 tons of naval vessels but negotiations went on during the following years without a signature.
1935 second treaty of London:
Negociations started on 9 December 1935 and the treaty was signed on 25 March 1936 by previous delegations but Japan, which retired. For cruisers, the only implication was that light cruisers were restricted to 8,000 tons standard and 6.1-inch (155 mm) guns. By the time it was signed, the construction of the last two of the "Town class", the Edinburgh group construction was just started (started December 1936). They escaped the tonnage limitations by a few days.
The next Dido was well withing limits, and the Fiji class, started in 1938-39 was declared "8,000 tonnes" standard but in reality were closer to 8,500, reduced versions of the 'Town' serie. On 1st September 1939, all limitations went by the window and this freed engineers to propose new cruisers worked out in 1940, the 8,800 tonnes Swiftsure and in 1941 the Bellorophon (Tiger) class, both repeats improved version of the 'crown colony' serie. But in 1942, more ambitious projects, well above 10,000 tonnes standards were proposed (see later), including heavy and "light" cruisers.
Nomenclature of British Cruisers
C-class Cruisers (1917)
The HMS Caledon in 1944 in the mediterrannean
The Caledon class was ordered in December 1915 and the 6 class ships put into service in 1917. They retained the two-funnel silhouette of the previous two class "C" series (started in 1913 and which included the Carolina classes, Calliope, Cambrian, and finally Caledon and Ceres).
Their propulsion was slightly different, their superstructures were also slightly modified. They had a main armament at the origin of five 6-inch (152 mm) pieces and a two-3-inch (76 mm AA) secondary armament, reinforced with four anti-aircraft 3-pounder (45 mm). Three of the four Caledon class ships participated in the Second World War, with a number of modifications. The Cassandra was disarmed before the war. Five Oerlikon 20 mm AA were added to all ships, as well as new fire control equipment, masts and radars. Caledon was completely rebuilt in 1942-43 and converted into a pure AA cruiser, armed with six twin 4-in (102 mm) turret, two 40 mm Bofors guns (single mount) and eight 20 mm Oerlikon AA guns plus new rangefinder, radar, 200 tons ballast. The latter served in the North Atlantic, mediterranean in Alexandria, then in the Red Sea, and finally the Indian Ocean until 1942. She then returned to Chatham for this conversion, went to Scapa Flow, then in the Mediterranean, participating in the Anvil-Dragoon landings in provence. She ended her career in Greece, then returned to France at the end of the war. Put in reserve, she was BU in 1948.
HMS Calypso was first used to hunt down the German blockade runners (she captured two), and raiders like Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. Finally, she was sent mediterrannean sea, and sunk by the Italian sub. Bagnolini in November 1940. On her side, Caradoc exited reserve in 1939 to transport gold in New Scotland, track down German blockade runners and also captured two, escorted convoys in the Atlantic. In late 1942 she joined New York Ny for a short redesign, and then went in the Indian Ocean and South Africa, based in Durban. She served as a gunnery training ship and moved to colombo where she served as a floating headquarters until the end of 1944. In 1945 she was back home to be disarmed.
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Characteristics (Caledon, 1943):
Displacement:
4200 t. standard -5320 t. full charge
Dimensions:
137.20 m long, 13 m wide, 5 m draft.
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 6 Yarrow boilers, 40,000 hp.
Top speed:
29 knots.
Armament:
6 x 102 mm DP (3x2), 8 Bofors 40 mm (2x2, 4x1), 15 x 20 mm AA.
Crew:
470
HMS Curacoa in 1942.
The Ceres succeeded the Caledon class, it was in fact the last of the long "C" series of standard light cruisers of the Royal Navy built during the great war. It consisted of 5 vessels, ordered in 1915, launched in 1916-17 and in service in 1917-18. Their bow was judged "wet" (they tended to plow in heavy weather), their superstructure was higher and their armament was still composed of 6 x 6 inches or 152 mm in simple mounts originally, but the footbridge and the wider hull allowed to install the front piece on a deckhouse. Their career was long since they participated in the Second World War. In 1935, Curlew and Coventry were taken in May for reconversion into antiaircraft cruisers, with 10 x 4 inches (102 mmp in single mounts, and 8 bofors. Curacoa followed the same reconversion in 1940, but with 4 twin turrets and a quadruple bofors placed on the front deckhouse. The other two served "in their own juice", still receiving a huff-duff antenna and some modern amenities, as well as anti-aircraft 20 mm guns. Curlew was sunk in Norway, Cairo in front of Tobruk and Curacoa in October 1942, after a fatal collision with troop transport Queen Mary.
D-class Cruisers (1918)
HMS Danae, Dauntless, Dragon, Delhi, Dunedin, Durban, Despatch, Diomede. Cancelled: Daedalus, Daring, Desperate, Dryad.
The "D" class, the larger C class
The Danaes or "D" class followed the long C series, lengthened by 20 feet (6 m) to allow an extra sixth 6-inch (152 mm) gun placed between the bridge and forefunnel. That was the only reason of this wartime design basically. This gae a total of six main artilery guns instea dof five, with torpedo tubes going from twin to triple banks for a grand total of twelve tubes, which was heaviest torpedo armament for any cruiser in WW1. Machinery and its layout were copied from the Ceres group but Danae, Dauntless and Dragon being ordered before the Capetown group of the C series, they missed the improved bow design, and were also very wet forward. The next generation would have the caracteristic sheer increased forwards with the knuckled "trawler bow" of all British cruisers to follow. Despatch and Diomede had a larger beam (by ½ foot or 15 cm) for better stability. HMS Dragon and Dauntless had also a hangardesigne dto carry a reconnaissance floatplane, built into the bridge with the compass on top.
This rather experimental configuration was never repeated. HMS Delhi, Dunedin, Durban, Despatch and Diomede all carried at completion a flying-off platform, for a wheeled model aft, in geneal a Sopwith Camel. HMS Despatch and Diomede also had two 4 inch AA guns instead of the 12 pounder of their sisters. HMS Diomede also had her 'A' gun was given a weatherproof housing Mark XVI, a nice touch for gun crews exposed to the north sea elements. Lessons of Jutland were applied during construction. Protection was improved and additional torpedo tubes were installed while depth charge throwers were lated added. The Mk XII 6-inch (152 mm) guns on Diomede received a new prototype gun house with better elevation, tested with success. The inter-war saw these cruisers having a better anti-aircraft armament, ultimately standardised by three QF 4 inch Mark V guns with Mark III mounts and with a QF 2 pdr Mk.II gun on the bridge's wings. Aircraft equipment were discarded, Dragon and Dauntless having standardized bridges lik the rest of the "E class".
WW2 service
When World War II broke out, these vessels were "virgins" in the sense they never experienced war, being completed after the war was over. It was decided to convert them as escorts. This included the addition of a foremast-mounted air warning Radar Type 286 and later a Type 273 centimetric target indication set (installed on the searchlight platform amidships). Up to eight 20 mm Oerlikon guns were added to boot AA protection, some replacing the 2 pdr-guns in the bridge wings. They were installed also alongside amidship turrets and on the quarterdeck. In 1942, HMS Dauntless, followed by HMS Danae the next year, saw their aft 4 in AA replaced by a quad 2 pounder Mark VIII. 1943 pushed this towards and had her 'P' gun and her forward pair of 4-in replaced by two quad 2-pdr AA plus a Radar Type 282 for its two fire directors. HMS Dragon and Danae in 1943 had their aft 4-in replaced by a twin Mark XIX mounts carrying the QF 4 inch Mark XVI gun. Danae also had a pair of Bofors 40 mm guns. Diomede saw her torpedo tubes removed, receiving a twin "Hazemeyer" Mark IV mounts plus two single Mark III Bofors 40 mm guns.
Delhi was rebuilt in the United States in 1941-42 as a pure anti-aircraft cruiser, with all armaments removed, five 5 inch L/38 Mark 12 guns/Mark 30 mounts installed and a pair of Mark 37 Fire Control Systems, all of US standard pattern. She also had her bridge rebuilt, and and new stepped light tripod masts installed with Type 291 air warning radar on top. She also received a Type 273 target indication radar, plus Type 285 target ranging system. Light AA comprised two quad 2-pdr mounts Mark VII assisted by the Radar Type 282 plus two twin Oerlikon mounts Mark V, six single Mark III. HMS Dragon served with the Polish Navy for a time, and afterwards, with HMS Durban she was sank as breakwater in Normandy. The Free Polish Navy obtained in exchange the Danae, renamed ORP Conrad.
Characteristics (Caledon, 1943):
Displacement:
4200 t. standard -5320 t. full charge
Dimensions:
137.20 m long, 13 m wide, 5 m draft.
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 6 Yarrow boilers, 40,000 shp.
Top speed:
29 knots.
Armament:
6 x 102 mm DP (3x2), 8 Bofors 40 mm (2x2, 4x1), 15 of 20 mm AA.
Crew:
470
Enterprise class Cruisers (1919)
Enterprise class cruisers - HMS Emerald as built
HMS Enterprise in June 1944, during Operation Overlord.
The two Enteprise class vessels (Enterprise and Emerald) or class "E" were the last British light cruisers built during the Great War. However, the lack of men and the priority given to the destroyers caused their launch only in 1920, and they were completed, after revision, in 1926.
They were originally built to counter Rapid minesweeper cruisers Germans Brummer and Bremse, operational late 1917. They were fast and could support 33 knots, using the engines of the class-leading Shakespeare flotilla engines, mounted in pairs, with a classic artillery largely above the "D" class. However, they will be reclassified as light cruisers thereafter. This classic artillery consisted of the last 152 mm (7 single pieces, one of which was at the front of the Emerald) and a double turret for the Enterprise, which was the first to have one at the front. With a complement of four tubes of torpedo tubes, these vessels were formidable, although in 1926, their design was dated or obsolete. The first pencil strokes were laid in 1917 and much of their equipment was the 1916 standard.
The two ships will receive a seaplane catapult in 1936, which will be deposited in 1944, because in the meantime they were equipped with high-performance radars. Their torpedo tubes were replaced in 1929. Finally their AA was reinforced in 1940, with the addition of two quadruple Bofors 40 mm benches, while in 1942 their torpedo tubes benches were deposited in favor of 16 to 18 20 mm Oerlikon AA pieces. Until 1939 they were both stationed in the Far East and also in the Mediterranean. Their career was quite active: Enterprise, returned to France, carried out escort missions, participated in the Norwegian campaign, fought in Narvik and was touched. After repairs, he joined force H in the Mediterranean, and participated in the operation "Catapult" against Mers-el-Kebir. Then it was the Indian Ocean, the Far East. He returned to the metropolis for recasting, then was assigned to hunt the German blockade force.
In December 1943 he hired and destroyed a destroyer and two German torpedo boats, then took part in escort missions until June 1944 when he participated in the landing. In January 1945 he was transferred to the reserve and did only secondary missions such as the repatriation of troops. He will be disarmed and BU in 1948. HMS Emerald received radar and new tripod poles in 1940, losing a 152 mm piece. He was escorted to the North Atlantic, transported the gold reserves to Halifax (58 million pounds sterling), and was assigned to the Indian Ocean. He returned in 1941 in the Mediterranean and in the Persian Gulf.
He operated on the Iraqi coast, and in the Red Sea. In December, he was part of the Z force (Singapore). He did not accompany the ships of Tom Philips during their fatal exit and became in fact the only major ship of this force, before having to evacuate the port before the fall of Singapore. After his revival in the metropolis, he returned in 1943 to assist the 4th squadron of cruisers in the Indian Ocean. In 1944, he attended the landing by shelling the beach of Gold Beach. After being put on the reserve shortly thereafter, he was reduced to sub-sidiary roles before being struck off and BU in 1948.
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Characteristics (HMS Enteprise, 1944)
Displacement: 8250 t. standard -10 220 t. Fully Loaded
Dimensions: 173.70 m long, 16.6 m wide, 6.6 m draft (full load).
Propulsion: 4 propellers, 4 Brown-Curtis turbines, 8 Yarrow boilers, 80,000 hp.
Top speed: 33 knots.
Armor: Maximum (belt) 75 mm, masks of parts 100 mm.
Armament: 7x6 in (152 mm) (1x2, 5x1), 5x 4in (102 mm) MK VIII AA (4x1), 8x 40 mm AA (2x4), 18x 20 mm Oerlikon.
Crew: 680
Hawkins class Cruisers (1917)
HMS Frobisher on the Normandy coast in June 1944.
The Cavendish class, also sometimes called "Hawkins" was a class of heavy cruisers dating from the end of the Great War, and bearing the names of Elisabethan corsairs. They were designed by observing the success of the German raiders in 1914 (including the epic of Admiral Von Spee) but also a drawing of 1912 on distant stellar ships capable of countering German cruisers armed with 170 mm guns, thanks to a combination of 190 and 152 mm pieces of artillery. Efforts had been made on their autonomy, and a final displacement of 9000 tons. In their final design in 1915, they were also able to face any cruiser of the time thanks to their powerful 190 mm artillery with no less than 7 pieces under masks, distributed in the axis, with two broadside guns amidships which gave them a 6 heavy guns edge. They were not the true successor of the armoured cruiser however.
HMS Effingham in 1940
The class then counted only the Hawkins, the Frobisher, the Effingham, and the Cavendish, the Raleigh having been lost on an unlisted reef off the Labrador coast in 1922. The Vindinctive had been turned into a gate. -was then in fast supply ship in 1935. (See in Auxiliaries). These vessels, which were a model for the corresponding class of the Washington Treaty by the time the latter entered service (1922), were modernized in 1936-38, at the time of disarmament, because of international tension. Their submarine torpedo tubes were removed. Their old 76mm AA pieces were replaced by four 102mm quick-firing rounds, and 10 40mm quadruple and single carriage pieces and 9 Oerlikon 20mm pieces. They received much more AA coins during the war, and were equipped with a Type 273 centimeter radar, a Type 286 aerial radar antenna, and Type 275 electronic fire control systems.
In addition, the Frobisher received two types of 282 for his 40 mm mounts. The latter was also removed from its 190 side pieces in favor of additional x 102 mm turrets. Their blended heating was fuel-only and their boilers were replaced by more modern models. Most served to escort convoys. The Effingham on its side was rebuilt in 1937: Its engine was modernized and its funnels truncated in one, its artillery was replaced by 152 mm quick-fire parts under masks, three of which were superimposed on stepped bridges to the 'before. He was in a way the prototype of the future "Dido".
The Effingham was lost early in the war, in 1940, on a reef in Norway. But before that he had transported two million pounds of gold from the Bank of England to Nova Scotia, chased the German raiders into the Atlantic, and then participated in the Norwegian campaign. Torpedoed by the U38, he survived, was repaired in record time and returned to operations, fighting in particular in Narvik. This was there that she met his destiny. The operator of the cards for the anecdote, had made a route so thick that it masked a reef of the map of the Navik passes. It hit the reef in the middle of the night, opening a huge gap in its flanks, which caused a rapid shipwreck. Fortunately, most of his crew managed to escape and swim back to the shore. It was completed by friendly artillery fire to prevent it from being captured and reduced to a wreckage four days later.
During his peacetime career, the Frobisher served in India, the Atlantic and China. He had been disarmed in 1930, then serving as a naval school, but modernized and rearmed between 1940 and 1942. He was sent quickly to the Far East where the situation was deteriorating, and fought the Japanese until his return in late 1943. She served then escort in the Atlantic then made the fire support in Normandy in June 1944, especially in front of Sword Beach. He was torpedoed at night by an S-Boote in August, repaired at length and finally partially disarmed to serve as a school ship, a role he held until it was set aside and then BU in 1949.
On his side, the Hawkins served in the South Atlantic, based in the Malvinas, to intercept potential privateers from Germany wishing to cross Cape Horn. Then he was sent to the Indian Ocean, including a raid on Mogadishu against the Italian forces sinking several ships and capturing a cargo ship. After a redesign until the end of 1942, he was sent to the Far East to assist the Frobisher against the Japanese. Then he returned in time to participate in D-Day operations in Utah Beach. Afterwards, it was BU after the war.
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Characteristics (HMS Hawkins, 1940)
Displacement:
9550 t. standard -13 160 t. Full Load
Dimensions:
184.40 m long, 19.8 m wide, 5.9 m draft (full load).
Propulsion:
4 propellers, 4 Brown-Curtis turbines, 8 Yarrow boilers, 65,000 hp. Maximum speed 30.5 knots, 7000 nautical RA at 12 knots.
Armor:
Belt 3 in (75 mm), gun shiels 4 in (100 mm).
Arament:
7 x 190 mm (7x1), 4 x 102 mm MK VIII AA (4x1), 8-10 x 40 mm AA (2x4, 4x1), 8-10 x 20 mm oerlikon AA.
Crew:
760
Interwar British cruisers
Minelayer Cruiser HMS Adventure (1927)
HMS Adventure was probably the first true "interwar" British cruisers in the sense contrari to the C, D and E classes or even the Hawkins class she was not designed during the last war. However she proceed from an idea born during the war nonetheless. She was indeed inspired by German minelayer cruisers (four operated) and the seductive idea of a ship faster and better armed than a usual minesweepers to be able to lay a minefield, combat advanced patrols, and retire quickly before caught by bigger threats. The design was expressed at the end of 1917, but not worked out properly because of other priorities and on came back on the table in 1921. Approved, the design was based on a modified C-class design, which entire hull was rearranged to carry and lay a large number of mines. Her roomy flush-deck hull (not unlike the County class) authorized that, but to fill another requirement, a good range, she was the first British cruiser equipped with diesels, although internally arranged like for the C-class cruisers.
Another critical innovation -although short lived in that case- was the use of a transom stern for cruising efficiency. However tests showed after she was completed and trialled, that mines (dummy ones there) tended to swung back and broke their horns on the stern, when dropped in the dead water vortex created by this particular shape. The ship was straight back into drydock to be given a standard cruiser stern as a result and transom sterns would not return before the Fiji class.
Her armament was weak for cruisers standards: Only four 4.7 inch guns, same as an average destroyer of the time. Other aspects of the armour scheme was inspired by the Kent class, but with thinner figures. The mineload was carried completely internally also, so her tall hull had no less than four sets of rails running the length of the hull, down to the stern chutes. The internal space sacrificed to mines therefore reduced the all the rest. HMS Adventure was laid down in Devonport in November 1922, launched in June 1924 and completed on 2 October 1926. She replaced the old converted liner Princess Margaret and in 1928 saw service under command of Lord John H. D. Cunningham, head of the Mediterranean fleet in WW2 and future sea lord. Her wartie rome as minelayer was short: In 1940, she laid minefields in the Orkney Islands, St. George's Channel. In 1941 however she was badly damaged by a mine while off Liverpool. No longer useful not active as minelayer in 1944 she was converted as a landing craft repair and accommodation ship and in 1945 reduced to reserve, BU in 1947.
Characteristics
Displacement:
6,740 t. standard -8,270t. Full Load
Dimensions:
158.49 m long, 17.98 m wide, 5.25 m draft (full load).
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines + diesels, 6 Yarrow boilers, 40,000 shp.
Performances:
Top speed 28 knots, 9,000 nautical mines/12 knots, oil 1500 tons.
Armor:
Belt 1 in
Arament:
4x 4.7 in/40 Mk.7 (120mm), 4x 3-pdr, 4x 2-pdr, 280 mines.
Crew:
395
County class Cruisers (1926-31)
Kent, Berwick, Cornwall, Cumberland, Suffolk, Austrlia, Canberra, London, Devonshire, Shropshire, Sussex, Dorsetshire, Norfolk
HMS Suffolk in May 1941, during the chase of Bismarck.
HMS Norfolk in May 1941, also during the pursuit of Bismarck, their radar, although small in scope, were of great use.
The HMAS Australia of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), in 1942. In 1944 she will be attacked by suicide bombers and hit by six aircraft.
The HMAS Australia of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), in 1942. In 1944 he will suffer the attacks of suicide bombers and will be hit by six aircraft. The county class, named after parts of Britain ("counted"), was the largest and most used "standard" heavy cruiser class of the Royal Navy during the Second World War. They respected the limits of the treaty, being just under 10,000 tons, but with standard 8-piece 203 mm artillery in four double turrets.
Designed to operate in remote stations or where the presence of a camital ship was superfluous, they had a great autonomy and their large hull, solidly built and well protected that made them very roomy. They also had "tropical" equipment, water distiller, wooden fittings and good ventilation. Their crews therefore particularly appreciated them. A total of 15 units were produced, in three subclasses (Kent, London, Norfolk) carrying significant improvements, while maintaining their silhouette "three pipers" and their long flush-deck hull so characteristic. They were officially classified "A" treaty cruisers, and these were the only ones. With the following lightened B (1929 crisis), we moved on to a new, more modest stabdard, before arriving at the Southampton, a "heavy cruiser" (London Treaty 1930) fully armed with lighter 6-in (152 mm) for saturation fire. Of course, these vessels were modernized in the 1930s, receiving radars, sonars, more modern telemetry equipment and a more consistent AA, around the classic 40 mm bofor mounts (the famous "pom-pom") and 20 mm Oerlikon guns, not counting additions during the war. This modernization consisting in an increase of the weight, to remain within the limits of the treaty, one operated a removal of a good part of the back of the hull on the Cumberland and Suffolk of the Kent class (see illustration above) a large hangar was added for Walrus seaplanes. The other units of the class (Berwick, Cornwal, Kent) were not modified in the same way, but in the end the limits were exceeded, with probably more than 10,600 tons of lees, which the admiralty did not bother to communicate. to the government, other emergencies being more pressing.
The London class also included the Devonshire, Sussex and Shropshire was amputated its side ballasts to save weight at the expense of the ASW protection, offset by the installation of a second internal belt partition. Their hull was slightly elongated, the saving a quarter of a knot. Their footbridge was moved further back and their funnels lengthened. In 1932 catapults were added for two aircraft.
They also gained 102 mm double mounts instead of their original single mount, but four were moved over all the Bofors quadruple funnels and mounts added, plus two 12.7 mm quadruple mounts. Between 1938 and 1941, the London was the only one in the class to be completely rebuilt and modernized (see image). The Norfolk class, which also included Dorsetshire, were the last of the series. Their superstructure was lowered and lightened, but their new turrets and 203 mm hulls were heavier in the end. Their AA was increased considerably and they were the first to be equipped with a type 283 radar. Losses during the war included Cornwall and Dorsetshire (sunk by the Japanese air force off Ceylon on 5 April 1942 at the same time). moment that the Hermes), and the Camberra (Australian), destroyed after an artillery duel off Savo and completed by the USS Ellet. None was lost in the Atlantic or the Mediterranean. They were scrapped in 1948-1955
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Characteristics (HMS Suffolk 1940):
Displacement:
9550 t. standard -13 160 t. Full Load
Dimensions:
184.40 m long, 19.8 m wide, 5.9 m draft (full load).
Propulsion:
4 propellers, 4 Brown-Curtis turbines, 8 Yarrow boilers, 65,000 hp.
Top speed:
30.5 knots, 7000 nautical RA at 12 knots.
Armor:
Maximum (belt) 75 mm, masks of parts 100 mm.
Armament:
7 x 190 mm (7x1), 4 x 102 mm MK VIII AA (4x1), 8-10 x 40 mm AA (2x4, 4x1), 8-10 x 20 mm oerlikon.
Crew:
760
York class Heavy Cruisers (1928)
HMS York, Exeter
HMS York in May 1941, Suda Bay (Crete).
HMS Exeter lduring her epic duel against the Graf Spee in Southern Atlantic, september 1939
The York class was thought by the admiralty as a solution of economy in a context of global stock market crisis and resumption in 1929. The tonnage was the first concern. Exit the large hull very livable of the "County" precedent, it returned to a hull in more classic stall, shorter by more than almost twenty meters, and especially the sacrifice of a turret 203 mm. The tonnage saved (4000 tons), however, served to better concentrate and distribute the armor, which was ultimately thicker and more effective, although still too little face to the bombs of aircraft as the York demonstrated later.
HMS York (launched in 1928 and completed in 1930) was followed by HMS Exeter (1931). The latter differed in a hull wider than 2.5 cm. The two vessels were particularly distinguished by their superstructures, totally different. The class was followed by no sister ship. The Surrey class, which derived from the Yorks, and reconnected with 8 main pieces, was never broken. The York received in 1933 two x 40 mm and several in reinforcement of 20 mm in 1941. The Exeter was almost entirely rearmed after his duel with Graf Spee. The York was assigned early in the hostilities to Force H to hunt down the German raiders. He intercepted and sunk the Arucus, a German blockade fortress in the Skagerrak Strait in March 1940, fought in Norway, then was sent mediterranean, to Malta and Alexandria. Anchored in the bay of Sude (North of the ridge) during the defense of the island in May 1941, it was attacked by stars MAT commandos Italian in full night, and sent by the bottom.
The bay being shallow he landed straight, the bulk of its hull remaining out of the water and its armament fully operational. It was then that the Luftwaffe took it to task the following days. Raid after raid the Stukas pounded him to death. The British themselves, deciding the general evacuation, blew it up on May 22, 1941. (See also the crest operations). For his part, the Exeter, also in the Force H participated in the hunt for Graf Spee, accompanied by two light cruisers, and distinguished himself in the famous Battle of Rio de la Plata. Severely damaged, he struggled to Port Stanley for rough repairs, then the metropolis, where he remained in repairs and overhauled nearly 14 months.
It was used in 1941 with new tripod masts, rangefinders and firing lines, and a reinforced AA with 8 x 102 mm in double turrets, 16 of 40 mm in two octuplets, and an improved increase for its main parts of 203 mm. Thus parried, he quickly passed the Suez Canal to reach the Far East, and the Composite ABDA fleet under the command of Dutch Rear Admiral Karel Doorman fighting against the Japanese. After the fall of Singapore, he had joined Java, the last allied stronghold before Australia. would try to oppose the passage of a convoy of 40 ships of the Nippon invasion force, heavily guarded by 4 heavy cruisers and 15 destroyers. The challenge was to ward off the fall of java, potentially opening the doors of Australia.
During the first battle of the Java Sea, the Japanese, whose morale was excellent, began a duel of artillery while their destroyers were approaching for a massive torpedo attack. the Exeter received a large caliber shell from the Nachi in its engine room and was forced to move away at 16 knots, compromising the cohesion of the Allied force. Two days later, he was again facing the Japanese heavy cruisers Nachi, Myoko, Ashigara and Haguro, each with 4 x 203 more than him, and he suffered a deadly fire. He was saved only by the resolute action of his escort, the destroyer HMS Electra. With the arrival of the night, the Dutch ships were sunk, and the Exeter forced to flee again, joining Surabaya. Temporarily repaired, he tried to rejoin with his destroyers the port of Ceylon.
But the Exeter, for lack of sufficient repairs, could only slip 23 knots, and on March 1 at dawn, when the value had been spotted by the IJN aviation, she was caught by the four Japanese cruisers. Exeter and her destroyers HMS Pope and Encounter faced each other for two hours before being destroyed all three. Exeter capsized but refused to sink, and it was decided to scuttle her. During these preparations, an IJN destroyer approached and torpedoed her at point-blank range. She exploded and sank, taking away the rest of her crew. Survivors were picked up by the enemy squadron and suffered the same terrible fate as other British forces trapped in the Far East.
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Characteristics (HMS Exeter, 1941):
Displacement:
8390 t. standard -10 410 t. Full Load
Dimensions:
175 m long, 18 m wide, 5.2 m draft (full load).
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 6 Admiralty boilers, 80,000 hp. Maximum speed 32.5 knots, RA 10,000 nautical at 14 knots.
Armor:
Top (belt) 75 mm, turrets 60 mm, ammunition magazines, citadel 120 mm.
Armament:
6 x 203 mm (3x2), 8 x 102 mm MK VIII AA (4x2), 16 x 40 mm AA (2x8), 2 x 533 mm TTs, 8-10 x 20 mm oerlikon, 1 seaplane.
Crew:
630
Surrey class Heavy Cruisers (1929)
HMS Surrey, Northumberland
HMS Surrey as she would have look like, based on the last Y design approved in 1928.
At the origin, alongside the smaller B Type heavy cruiser (HMS York), the 1927-1928 Programme also planned a larger, "A" Type cruiser. The "Surrey class" as it was known because the name chosen early on, had an interesting development history: In May 1927, the Geneva Conference was undergoing as the DNC started to send sketch designs of a five twin turret County class variant. This fifth turret was admidships, another variant had it forward, interlocked with the two others like the 1930s IJN heavy cruisers. The first layout restricted arcs of fire while the forward arrangement threatened the bridge by the blast effect. John Roberts drawn the 'C' turret facing af but other layouts were possible. The First Lord then decided the cruiser would be cheaper as a simple repeat of the Dorsetshire, with increased protection. Its aviation combined a Fairey IIIF spotter and a Fairey Flycatcher to defend it of the cruiser against bombers and the 8in forward turret had a roof catapult mounted. It was given a 3.5in belt over the machinery spaces, 2in deck, 2in bulkheads, and 3in ammo box.
A variant of this "design X" was also reviewed in 1927, was evern better protected with a total of 1,620 tons of armour. There was a 5.75in thick belt alongside the machinery, create compartimented mini protected units and 2in bulkheads rearranged. The armour deck was 2.25in thick, magazines were protected by 5.75in down to 2.5in sides, 3in deck & bulkheads. As the others she was capable of 32kts. Newt, Design Y was an even better protected version, slightly smaller, but still with a 60,000hp machinery for 30kts. The 3in deck was designed near-immune against 8in shells to 20,000 yards and completely from 6in and had an extra foot of beam, torpedoes lowered. Discussions emphasised it was for trade protection duties and the loss of 2kts was not a reasonable compromise. In May 1928 the Admiralty approved the design with an extimated cost in excess of £126,500 compared to HMS Norfolk. It was sanctioned in November 1928 nevertheless.
The summer of 1928 worked out straight masts and funnels for visual symetry, approved for all forthcoming cruisers, including HMS Exeter's design. Indeed raked funnels gave visually the direction of the ship. Other points discussed were an Exeter-style tower bridge, alower deck and no turret catapult, or a late County style bridge. Magazine armor strake went to 3in in 1929 as the design was refined. Later two fixed catapults angled outboard were shown in the modified 1929 Surrey design. HMS Northumberland and HMS Surrey were planned on the 1928-29 programme, with a completion set for May 1932, but they were never laid down. The 1929 crisis impacted Great Britain and immediately led to massive budget cuts, the Labour government being set on on disarmament. All work was suspended on 23 August 1929 in Devonport (Northumberland) and Portsmouth (Surrey), both being cancelled on 14 January 1930.
Characteristics (Surrey class 1929):
Displacement:
10,000 t. standard -12 662 t. Full Load
Dimensions:
182,87 m long, 19.51 m wide, 6.55 m draft (600 x 64 x 21 feets).
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 6 Admiralty boilers, 60,000 hp, 30 knots, 2450t oil.
Armor:
5-3/4 in ammo space and citadel, 5-1/2 belt, bulkheads, turrets, barbetts 1 in.
Armament:
4x2 8-in (203 mm), 4x2 4-in/45 (102 mm), 4x3-pdr salut., 2x8 Pompom, 2x4 21 in(533 mm) TTs, 2 seaplanes.
Crew:
653
Leander class Cruisers (1931)
HMS Leander, Achilles, Ajax, Neptune, Orion
The 5 Leanders (completed in 1933-34) and the 3 Australian Perth (1934-35) were the first light cruisers built since the Enterprise class of 1920. With their twin 6-in turrets, they were more of an adaptation of the previous design of the York class rather than a new creation. They were immediately recognizable by their unique truncated funnel (whereas the second group had two), and fought on four oceans, seeing heavy action from the Mediterranean to Guadalcanal. Some became legendary such as the Ajax or HMAS Sydney with her epic duel with KMS Kormoran. They inspired the Arethusa class which were copies but "on budget" with one less turret.
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Specifications
Displacement: 7,200 t. standard, 9,500 t. Fully Loaded
Dimensions: 171,37 m long, 17,27 m beam, 5,80 m draft
Machinery: 4 shaft Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 72,000 shp
Top speed: 32,5 nœuds
Amor (max, belt): 90 mm.
Armament: 4x2 152mm (6 in), 4x2 102mm (4 in), 2x4 40 mm AA Bofors, 2x4 533 mm TTs (21 in), 1 seaplane
Crew: 570
Perth class Cruisers (1931)
HMAS Perth, Hobart, Sydney
The Australian light cruisers, (Perth, Hobart, Sydney) were built specifically for the Australian Navy. They were largely inspired by the Leander, but were distinguished by their two funnels reflecting another arrangement of boilers rooms. The armament was the same and they carried a reconnaissance seaplane. Their AA was modified in 1939: HMAS Hobart and Perth would receive four more modern twin 4-in dual-purpose turrets.
Their career was very active. In the Indian Ocean at first, searching for German raiders. It was during such a meeting that Sydney confronted KMS Kormoran, certainly the most powerful of these auxiliary cruisers of the Kriegsmarine. The fight began with a torpedo fired by the Germans in close quarters, hitting the forward turrets. Sydney replied with her aft turrets, still at close range. But the Kormoran unleashed a full broadside of her 150-mm guns, while Sydney retaliated with more artillery fire, including DP and AA, launched her torpedoes, and sent the corsair by the bottom. But at this point she was burning from stern to stem, listing and sinking, so she was evacuated and sank some time later. HMAS Perth was sunk in March 1942 during the
battle of Sunda Strait
, with the remains of the ABDA force. Another victim of seemingly invincible Japanese cruisers. HMAS Hobart sank after she took a torpedo in July 1943, and stayed 17 months in repairs. But she survived and soldiered on until the end of the war, and with the cold war RAN until 1962.
HMAS Sydney in 1941, shortly before his fight against the German raider Kormoran
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Specifications
Displacement: 7 200 t. standard, 9 500 t. Fully Loaded
Dimensions: 171,37 m long, 17,27 m beam, 5,80 m draft
Machinery: 4 shaft Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 72,000 shp
Top speed: 32,5 nœuds
Amor (max, belt): 90 mm.
Armament: 4x2 152mm (6 in), 4x2 102mm (4 in), 2x4 40 mm AA Bofors, 2x4 533 mm TTs (21 in), 1 seaplane
Crew: 570
Arethusa class Cruisers (1932)
HMS Arethusa, Galatea, Penelope, Aurora
HMS Arethusa in 1941
The Arethusa class fit within the confines of the Washington Treaty, on budget, with configuration derived from the Amphion group of the Leander class. The Admiralty wanted to save money (as for the York class) and deleted a turret, reducing artillery to 6 instead of 8 main guns of 6 inches. This saved tonnage and allowed to build an additional cruiser as it was thought, a valid proposition in peacetime, more discutable in wartime. For light cruisers in 1940 they were really undergunned.
Design:
The Arethusa class was designed to operate against enemy cruisers and protect trade routes. It was therefore considered that her main artillery was sufficient in this role. The emphasis was on speed, to the detriment of protection that was barely over 70 mm. The class consisted of Arethusa, Galatea, Penelope and Aurora, the first accepted in service in May 1935 and the last in November 1937. Of the six ships planned, only four were completed. Tonnage was used for other vessels of a redesigned configuration. Their AA range from secondary single mount (105 mm - Arethusa, Galatea) to double mounts on the other two pairs of cruisers. Subsequently Galatea was rearmed in 1940 with 2 quadruple bofors 40 mm (2pdr Mk.VIII), a type 284 radar and an aerial surveillance antenna type 280.
Wartime Modifications:
In August 1941, it was added four 20 mm Orerlikon, and modifications similar were undertaken on Galatea and Arethusa. These four ships had a catapult with a Fairey Fox or a Hawker Osprey, but it was landed so as not to overload with the addition of AA and because of the use of antennas standby and radar more efficient. At the end of the war, the addition of various equipment represented nearly 700 tons. Their hull was considered very satisfactory and was taken over for the construction of the Dido.
Operational career:
The four ships served in the middle of the year, and had a busy career. The Galatea was sunk in December 1941 by the U-557 in front of Alexandria, and the Penelope in front of Anzio in February 1944 (by the U-410). The other two survived the war. The Arethusa was scrapped in 1950, and the Aurora was transferred to China Nationalist in 1950 (renamed Chungkinh), but captured by the Communists, it was then served under several names and was scrapped in the sixties.
Characteristics
Displacement:
5520 t. standard - 6600 t. Full Load
Dimensions:
154 m long, 16 m wide, 5 m draft (full load)
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 64,000 hp
Performances:
Top speed 32.2 knots, RA 5300 nautical at 13 knots.
Armor:
Maximum (belt) 60 mm, 60 mm turrets, ammunition magazines, citadel 90 mm.
Armament:
6 x 152 mm MkXXIII (3x2), 8 x 102 mm MK XVI AA (4x2), 8 x 12.7 mm AA (2x4), 8 x 13 mm Vickers, 6 x 533 mm TTs (2x3).
Crew:
500
'Town' class Cruisers (1936)
HMS Southampton, Glasgow, Newcastle, Sheffield, Birmingham, Glucester, Liverpool, Manchester, Belfast, Edinburgh
HMS Sheffield in May 1941, during the Bismarck hunt, she played a leading role in keeping in touch, but was almost sunk by Swordfish.
HMS southampton 1942 The HMS Southampton in Crete in 1941. This was one many British victims of the Stukas.
The Town class or officially "Southampton" named after the first cruiser launched of this type, was the subject of quite lengthy preliminary studies, stemming from both the experience gained with the "washington cruisers" and the (future) developments of the Treaty of London. The underlying idea was to build light cruisers within the meaning of the Washington Treaty, not exceeding 155 mm in size, while taking advantage of the absence of tonnage limitations. This gave, in Japan with the Mogami class, and in Great Britain, a generation of "light cruisers" with impressive armament (with 12 to 15 guns) to heavy cruiser tonnage. Four turrets (five Japanese), gave these vessels a capacity of "saturation fire" rather than a smaller volume of fire but with shells with greater penetrating power. The originality of the mounting of guns on these ships was the use of a shorter turret center piece to avoid visual interference for telemetryists.
In addition the top of the turrets was opened in front in an unusual way so as to allow an antiaircraft fire - which was used, with a mixed success because of the relative slowness of these parts (compensated by the use of the fast charging system ABU ), against the Luftwaffe. They also received the latest fire control equipment, HACS and Admiralty fire control Table for their secondary and main artillery. The Southampton class consisted of 10 vessels divided into three classrooms, Southampton (Southamtpon, Newcastle, Sheffield, Glasgow, Birmingham), launched in 1936 and completed in 1937, Gloucester (Liverpool, Manchester, Gloucester), launched in 1937 and completed in 1938-39. Edinburgh (Belfast, Edinburgh) launched in 1938 and completed in August and July 1939.
The latter were very different because they were 7 meters heavier, 1900 tons heavier, with a modified propulsion and catapults for 3 aircraft (against 2 on the others), resulting in the movement of the funnels to the rear, or their particular aesthetic, and finally a reinforced AA armament and TLT triple benches, superior armor, makes it the best ever designed for a cruiser of the Royal Navy... The idea behind was to equip them with quadruple turrets for their 152 mm, giving them a volley of 16 pieces, able to put them on par with the Japanese cruisers compared ables. But the technical difficulties and the imminence condemned the project in the first place.
During the conflict, they were all fights. The Southampton was sunk off Malta in May 1941, while the Manchester was very badly damaged in front of Malta by Italian MAS (Torpedo Launchers), and considered irrecoverable, scuttled by his commanding who then passed court martial... Finally, the Edinburgh was torpedoed in the North Atlantic on April 320, 1941, escorting one of the first convoys to Murmansk (the PQ17), by the U456. Severely hit, making water, but his leaks partially stopped by the closure of the affected sections, he was towed at a dramatically low speed to Murmansk, accompanied by destroyer HMS Foresight and three minesweepers, under constant threat from the Luftwaffe whose bombers torpedo boats succeeded one another without success.
But his fate was in fact sealed by the arrival of three German destroyers off the Isle of Bear, warned by a reconnaissance aircraft from Norway. The ship put to perform circles and defend themselves somehow. The fight, homeric but unequal because of its impossibility to maneuver properly, seemed a moment to turn to his advantage, she damaged the Z7 (Ernest Shoemann), and the Foresight and the draggers successfully kept the other two away, but unfortunately, one of the torpedoes she launched and missed the destroyers hit the cruiser exactly the opposite of the impact previously made by the German submarine. This time the ship was abandoned. 700 men were recovered, 56 had died as a result of the attacks. The Southampton had validated their idea of an imposing battery of light pieces, so that the following classes (Colony, Tiger and Swiftsure), resumed the same concept, but reduced because of economy and speed of construction with three turrets.
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Town class Specifications
Displacement:
8,940 t. standard -11,540 t. Full Load (13,175 t Edinburgh class)
Dimensions:
180 m long, 18.9 m wide, 6.3 m draft (full load) (Edinburgh: 187x19,7x6,8 m).
Propulsion:
4 shaft Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 75,000 hp (82,500 Edinburgh).
Top speed:
32 knots, 6500 nautical RA at 13 knots.
Armor:
Maximum (belt) 75 mm, turrets 60 mm, ammunition magazines, citadel 120 mm.
Armament:
12 x 152 mm MkXXIII (4x3), 8 x 102 mm MK XVI AA (4x2) (12 Edinburgh), 8 x 40 mm AA (2x4) (Edinburgh 16), 8 x 13 mm Vickers, 6 x 533 mm TTs (2x3), 2 walrus seaplanes (3 Edinburgh).
Crew:
750
Wartime British cruisers
Abdiel class Minelayer Cruisers (1940)
HMS Abdiel, Apollo, Ariadne, Latona, Manxman, Welshman
The Abdiel class comprised six fast minelayers of WW2. In addition to these official missions, another was to bring special cargoes of ammunition to Malta. The Abdiel class was just a retake on a much older design, the 1924 HMS Adventure. They shared the same flush-deck hull, carried their 100 to 156 mines internally, but on two sets or rails and not four. Their small dimensions and more classic machinery, cruiser stern with four dropping doors, vastly better speed (40+ knots on trials !) on half the displacement made them completely new animals. Laid down in 1939 (first batch) and 1941 (second batch, Apollo, Ariadne) and commission in 1941-1944. They were known also as the Manxman class and became the only Royal Navy "mine-laying cruisers" in service.
Small size did neant weak armament. They comprised a while battery, mostly aganst AA threats, with three twin dual purpose turrets (4 inches/45 Mk XVI) HA, fou 2-pdr pompom AA, and 0.5-inch (12.7mm) machine gunss. They were also equipped with many radars and carried 100, up to 150 mines. Barely heavier than large destroyers like the Cossak class. During the war they received eight 20 mm AA guns, while the second batch had fourteen of them. Very active, half were lost in action, Matona in October 1941, Welshman in February 1943 and Abdiel in September the same year. Maxman was the last in service, discarded n 1971.
Abdiel class Specifications
Displacement:
2,650 t. standard 4,000 t. Full Load
Dimensions:
127,4 m long, 12.19 m wide, 4.5 m draft (full load).
Propulsion:
2 shaft Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 72,000 hp.
Top speed:
39.75 knots, oil 750 tons.
Armor:
None
Armament:
4x 5 in (102 mm), 4x 2-pdr, 150 mines.
Crew:
246
'Crown Colony' class Cruisers (1940)
HMS Gambia in 1942, for the protection of convoys in the North Atlantic.
The "Colony" or "crown colony" all bore the names of colonies of the British Empire, perhaps to evoke their role of shepherd threatened maritime routes ... Still, these heavy cruisers were to be at the beginning, when they were drawn in 1939, "Southampton" simplified for an accelerated construction. And in fact, while carrying the same main artillery (twelve x 152 mm) and a compact and reinforced AA (thanks to the "pom-pom" quadruple bofors), they were shorter, lighter, and better rationalized, in particular concerning the distribution of the shielding.
Design of the Crown Colony class
Their square stern was a first in the royal navy for ships of this tonnage. Subsequently, the Swiftsure and Tiger that followed remained in the same hull plan and arrangements. No fewer than 11 cruisers were launched in 1938-39 and completed between May 1940 and July 1943, including Fiji, Nigeria, Kenya, Mauritius, Trinidad, Gambia, Jamaica, Bermuda, Newfoundland, Uganda and Ceylon. Despite their exotic names evoking tropical lands, they were mostly deployed in the cold waters of the Atlantic and the North Sea. Despite the adoption of a forward radar, they had a catapult between the fireplaces and two Supermarine Walrus patrol seaplanes. Their AA was during the war, considerably reforced by simple 40 and 20 mm mounts.
The Crown Colony class in action
Their service was particularly active therefore, and quickly attached their crews for their robustness. They resisted in particular to torpedos and air attacks, even to naval engagements of surface bitter. HMS Fiji was thrown by the U 32. Although he survived enough to be towed to an arsenal for six-month repairs, he was attacked by the Luftwaffe in May 1941, badly hit but his crew managed to hold it afloat for five hours, allowing him to be evacuated. For its part HMS Trinidad, going to Murmansk, received one of his own torpedoes launched during a rough clash in March 1942, whose rudder was distorted. This "boomerang effect" put him out of action for some time in Kola. Again, he had survived, and summarily repaired, made way with the return convoy, to be attacked by the Luftwaffe in May 1942. Framed by several bombs and then hit, he caught fire and was finally evacuated before sinking, after scuttling ( to prevent it from being captured). Torpedoes and guided bombs also struck four other cruisers of this class, who also survived. These ships served well until the 1960s before being disarmed, but two continued their career under the Peruvian flag, and Nigeria under Indian flag.
Characteristics
Displacement:
8350 t. standard -10 450 t.
Dimensions:
169.3 m long, 19 m wide, 6 m draft.
Propulsion:
4 shaft Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 72,500 hp. Top speed: 31.2 knots.
Armament:
12 x 152 mm (4x3), 8 x 102 mm (4x2), 12 x 40 mm (3x4), 6 x 533 mm TTs, 2 seaplanes.
Crew:
920
'Dido' class AA Cruisers (1941)
HMS Argonaut, Bonaventure, Charybdis, Cleopatra, Dido, Euryalus, Hermione, Naiad, Phoebe, Scylla, Sirius
The Dido class comprised in all sixteen light cruisers (with the Bellona group) all built during wartime. The first group of three was commissioned in 1940, followed by six and two, all commissioned in 1941-1942. The fourth group was sometimes called "Improved Dido" but better known as the Bellona class comprised five ships commissioned in 1943-1944. These groups differed in armament and even in function for the last one. The Dido class were essnetially a tailored version of the previous old C-seies conversions, for trade protection, with five turrets of a new model using twin 5.25 guns in high angle mountings. The idea, by offering elevation and quick loading up to 90° was to offer an efficient dual-purpose main armament, something never done for such large caliber. Reality however caught up wit the design, which was criticized. The turrets ceased to work in extreme North Atlantic conditions. The A, B and C positions were placed on an aluminium structure which was rare and some groups lacked the fifth turret while the Bellona had only four turrets, but they were all radar-guided and thus way more efficient, in addition to a larger light AA.
Thes new light cruisers in 1940 were considered a significant advance neverthelss and they proved effective in particular in the Mediterranean Sea, especially during the crucial convoys to Malta and did well in their duels with the Regia Marina. The 5.25-inch (133 mm) was intended to fire the heaviest shell possible for AA defence. Colectiovely the cruisers downed 23 aircraft and damaged or repeled far more. Four Dido-class ships were lost during the war. Specifically built for this war, these cruisers saw little service afterwards. The last was HMS Euryalus, decommissioned in 1954 and scrapped in 1959.
Characteristics (Dido)
Displacement:
5950 t. standard -7350 t.
Dimensions:
156 m long, 15.40 m wide, 5.4 m draft.
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 62,000 hp.
Top speed:
32.2 knots.
Armament:
8 x 133 mm DP (4x2), 12 x 40 mm (3x4), 6 x 533 mm TTs.
Crew:
530
'Bellona' class AA Cruisers (1942)
Bellona, Black Prince, Diadem, Royalist, Spartan
HMS Bellona in 1943, Western Approaches camo.
These ships were derived from the previous "Dido" with a completely revised AA artillery, superstructures and lower funnels to clear the firing range. For the rest, they shared the same hull, facilities, the same turrets (notoriously slow for AA defense), and in the "C" position, a quad 40 mm Bofors. The Bellona class were mainly intended as picket ships for amphibious warfare operations. They were to provide support to aircraft carriers of the allies in the Pacific. HMS Spartan was sunk by a "missile", a German Fritz X off Anzio. Two were to be modified as command ships for aircraft carrier and cruiser groups to deal against German battlecruisers, Scylla and Charybdis. But the latter was sunk and Royalist was selected instead. Post war modernisation proposals were limited inadequate space and weight. New, complex fire control and magazines for the new 3-4 3-inch/70 twin turrets were necessary but lacked space. It was comouinded by the mediocre performances of their mounts, in part due to heavy-to-handle 5.25-inch shells. However if modified, they were a potentially better long range AA weapon than the cold war 4.5-inch guns. HMS Royalist was rebuilt to serve alongside HMS Vanguard versus the Sverdlov and Stalingrad class cruisers. Loaned to New Zealand Navy (RNZN) she served until 1966.
These 5 eBellona class, the Dido fourth group technically, were started between November 1939 and February 1940 and completed between 1943 (for the first four, HMS Bellona, Black Prince, Royalist, Spartan) and early 1944 for HMS Diadem. They served mainly as escorts in the North Atlantic. The only casualty of this class was HMS Spartan, sunk by a German guided Henschel Hs 293 jet guided bomb launched from a Dornier 17 on January 29 1944. Their career went on for years after the war, but Diadem was sold to Pakistan in 1956 and became INS Babur.
Characteristics (Bellona)
Displacement:
5,950 t. standard -7,350 t.
Dimensions:
156 m long, 15.40 m wide, 5.4 m draft.
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 62,000 hp.
Top speed:
32.2 knots.
Armament:
8 x 133 mm DP (4x2), 12 x 40 mm (3x4), 6 x 533 mm TTs.
Crew:
530
Swiftsure class (1944)
Swiftsure, Minotaur
The Minotaur class were light cruisers, also known as the Swiftsure class and designed as modified Fiji class cruisers. They incorporated war modifications and were authorised for construction in 1941. Their construction howaver received relatively low priority and only two were completed, in June 1944 and May 1945 respectively. They played no significant part at that stage. HMS Swifsture became flagship of the British Pacific Cruiser Squadron under command of Admiral Cecil Harcourt, present for the the Japanese surrender at Hong Kong. HMS Superb, the third initial design was eventually completed to a slightly different design which became the base for the Tiger class. HMS Minotaur was resold to Canada and became HCMS Ontario, having a long career.
Characteristics (hms swiftsure)
Displacement:
8,800 t. standard -11,130 t. FL
Dimensions:
163,98/169,31m oa, 19.20 m wide, 6.3-6.4 m draft.
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 72,500 hp.
Top speed:
31.5 knots.
Armament:
3x3 6-in (152 mm), 10x 4.5 in (102mm) DP, 4x4 40 mm AA, 2x3 21-in (533 mm) TTs.
Crew:
960
Tiger class (1944)
Superb, Bellerophon, Tiger, Blake, Defence, Hawke.
HMS Tiger before conversion in Rotterdam in 1960
The Tiger-class cruisers were three post-WW2 cruisers and the very last of the Royal Navy, also last all-gun cruisers. Apart HMS Superb, initally of the Swiftsure class and later attached to the Tiger class, they were a modified version of the previous cancelled eight Minotaur-class heavy cruisers ordered in 1941–42. Work on the second group was suspended in mid-1944. All but Superb, completed in November 1945, stayed for years in completion on a completely, raddically modified design to the point they entered service in the 1960s. Amid cancellations in post-war austerity, three hulls were available but suspended for any work during the Korean War and Suez Crisis.
Final approval saw them modified as anti-aircraft escort cruisers in November 1954, after studies for guided missile conversions, which became eventually the County-class destroyers ordered two years later. In 1964 the Tigers were approved for helicopter cruisers conversions, carrying four Westland Wessex helicopters for amphibious operations or four Sea King for ASW combat. Only HMS Blake and Tiger were so converted between 1965 and 1972. The expensive work cancelled such conversion of HMS Lion, scrapped in 1975 and cannibalized. Tiger and Blake were decommissioned in the late 1970s but still extant when the Falklands War broke out in 1982. Eventually Blake was scrapped in 1982 and Tiger in 1986. Fortunately Belfast has been preserved as a museum ship, now an iconic place in London, not far from Westminster and the towers bridge.
Characteristics (hms Superb 1945)
Displacement:
8,885 t. standard -11,560 t. FL
Dimensions:
169,31 m long, 19.51 m wide, 6.43 m draft.
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 72,500 hp.
Top speed:
31.5 knots.
Armament:
3x3 6-in/50 (152 mm), 10x 4.5 in (102mm) DP, 18x 2-pdr, 8x 40 mm AA, 2x3 21-in (533 mm) TTs.
Crew:
867
Neptune class (1942 project)
Neptune, Centurion, Edgar, Mars, Minotaur, Bellorophon
An impression of the Neptune (world of warhips rendition)
In 1942, work started at the British Admiralty to lay down requirements for the next cruisers class planned as a follow-on to the Minotaur class (later Swiftsure), and the Tiger-class cruisers, both derived from the prewar 'Crown Colony' design. With war lessons in hands, and seeing how the conflict became global, a first proposal came for a small anti-aircraft cruiser, a "super-dido" armed with six-eight 5.25 in (133 mm) dual-purpose guns from the new automated design, in July 1943. It was called design N2. It eveolved into a modified Bellona class, still four twin 5.25-inch turrets, 8,650 long tons standard, planned FY1944. However in October 1943, First Lord of the Admiralty sir Dudley Pound resigned. Andrew Cunningham replaced him and soon brushed aside the AA cruiser N2. He preferred a larger ship, an "improved Belfast" with four triple turrets, so twelve 6-inch guns and a better AA, rearranged protection. This was the base of the future "Neptune class".
In short, because we will not dwelve in to much details about it, this new design was intended for the pacific because at that stage, the war in the Mediterranean was won, and the situation was already clearly reversed in favor of the allies. In short, Navies had less work on the western hemisphere (although major landing operations were planned, Italy was not conquered yet...) allowing to plan new assets for a probable Pacific fight. Therefore the new ships were tailored for this theater.
Design
Very large at 662 feet (201.8 m) long overall, they had a generous beam at 76 feet (23.2 m) and 24 feet 9 inches (7.5 m) draught. Surpsisingly enough, the hull form was based on the Courageous-class battlecruisers, which has been extensively researched under Fisher for the optimal speeds back in 1914. Displacement reached 15,350 long tons standard, 18,700 long tons deep load calculated. They were devoid of onboard aviation, the bridge was lower but the two superstructure blocks were longer and narrow, with two relatively narrow and tall funnels. They almost looked like "British Clevelands".
The initial design showed a long forecastle, extending beyond the aft funnel, but it was revised in 1946 for a flush-deck hull. They were also designed for a high top speed, with four new Admiralty 3-drum boilers fed rated at 400 pounds per square inch, mated to improved Parsons single-reduction geared steam turbines for a grand total of 108,000 shaft horsepower (81,000 kW), on four propellers. Such a large ship was still able of 33 knots and the entire powerplant was highly compartimented into small units to ensure ASW protection. The Director of Naval Construction (DNC) noted in June 1945 that the boiler rooms were still too close and risked to be knocked out by a single hit together. Range was "pacific-size", at 7,500 nautical miles (13,890 km; 8,631 mi) under 20 knots.
The Armament stayed classic in what it rested on the same arrangement of twelve 6-inch (152 mm) guns in four triple turrets, at first using the high elevation Mark 24 mountings (Tiger-class) but since it was considered old fashioned, the new Mark 25 in development was chosen, carrying three QF 6 inch Mark V guns. They had each a rate of fire as high as 10–12 rounds per minute (6-8 for the Mark 24) while still able to elevate to 80° for AA fire. and still had a range of 25,000 yards for antiship combat. In addition, the Neptune class carried six QF Mark 6 4.5 in (113 mm) dual purpose twin turrets (same model as on the Daring-class destroyers) capable of 24 rpm. This was complemented by 20 Bofors 40 mm guns in ten "Buster" self-contained twin mounts plus 28 Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, also in twin mounts and the usual Four quadruple 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes for closer engagements. Fire control was at its very best with two Low-Angle directors for (6-inch guns), four barrage AA directors, three combined HA/LA directors (4.5-inch guns) and integrated fire control radars for the Bofors, giving a capability to spot, pick and engage 17 aerial targets simultaneously.
For protectio, the main vertical belt was 4 inches tapered down to 1+1⁄2 inches with a 1-inch (25 mm) upper deck and 1-inch lower deck and additional stray over the steering gear. Main turrets were protected by 4-inch faces, 2-inch for the rest and the bulkheads were 4-inch. The crew was estimated to 1,351 as a flagship.
Fate
Five ships were planned, now officially called the "Neptune class": Neptune, Centurion, Edgar, Mars and Minotaur. They were planned eventually for the 1944 construction programme. In addition, the completion of the suspended HMS Bellerophon (Tiger-class) was relaunched, but affected to the new design, and a completion in 1950 by the best estimates. The programme in fact was not cancelled altogether at the end of the war, but it was hoped that at least two would be laid down in November 1945. However this was not the case and in late February–March 1946, the 1947 ship programme saw the cancellation of the Neptune class altigether. Bellerophon already was cancelled again on 28 February 1946. The austerity of post-war Great Britain and divisions in the naval staff about the role of cruisers in joint operation with aircraft carriers did not helped to present a unified front either. Priority was now to air defence, and study of new autaumated long range AA guns with improved radars, and those under the USN Worcester, Mitscher and Juneau classes notably saw popularity. The Neptune-class was basically a pacific-oriented classic design. It was underlined by the new Director of Naval Construction, Charles Lillicrap in a memo in April 1946 already, saying
"the new design failed to see the Royal Navy could not justify large cruisers (...)and box dimensions of a Tiger or N2 was the limit cost containable or justifiable(...) in the UK postwar reality"
.
Development wotk on the new Mk 3, 5.25-inch turret (N2 class) went on until 1948 at Elswick, but scaled down to a more classic 5 inch/62 twin mount for NATO standards, but still no joint development with the USN. However this complex and costly design was abandoned in 1953 as well as the very final British cruiioser design ever planned, in March 1955: This was the conventional RN cruiser 85Z proposal or enhanced 'Tiger/ N2 class', a 8,000 tons vessel armed with 2 twin 5 inch and three twin 3-in/70, 4 STAAG Mk 2 and AD/AW 965 at first planned for the 1956 programme, but was vetoed by the Chief Naval Gunnery.
"Albermarle", alternative to the Superb class.
Characteristics (1942)
Displacement:
16,100 t. standard -20,200 t. FL
Dimensions:
204,21 m long, 24.38 m wide, 7.32 m draft.
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 120,000 shp.
Top speed:
32-1/2 knots, oil 3,500 tonnes.
Armament:
3x3 8-in/50 (152 mm), 16x 4.5 in* (102mm) DP, 16x 2-pdr*, 2x3 21-in (533 mm) TTs, 3 aircrafts.
Crew:
1350
Alternative "Drake", 3x3 8 inches heavy cruiser project
"Goliath", larger iteration of the class intended for the pacific and dealing with the planned Japanese B64 super-cruisers, with four triple 8-in turrets.
Minotaur class
Alternative minotaur project ("design Z"), with one extra twin turret forward
The Royal Navy's requirements for new cruisers did not stopped with the end of WW2. After all, the concept of a cruiser was still valid, unlike battleships, on the pure standpoint of large, long range fleet escort for aircraft carriers. And missiles being in their infancy, automated AA guns with advanced radar guidance were all the rage. Such was
Design Z
also called in 1947 the "Minotaur class". It was given five twin 6-inch dual purpose turrets (Mark 26 unlike the Tiger class, 20 rpm), eight twin 3-inch AA guns (40-50 rpm) replacing the 4.5 inch, 40 mm and 20 mm batteries with a "universal" mount very close to what was made in the USA. In 1947, however it was decided tof a five years moratory, due to financial difficulties. The requirement was still there in 1952, but by then the design was not completed, and the costly development of the armament and its new fire control led to a cancellation.
Characteristics (1947)
Displacement:
15,350 t. standard -18,700 t.
Dimensions:
199,64 m long, 23.16 m wide, 7.32 m draft.
Propulsion:
4 shafts Parsons turbines, 4 Admiralty boilers, 108,000 shp.
Top speed:
32-1/2 knots, oil 2,850 tonnes.
Armament:
4x3 6-in/50 (152 mm), 12x 4.5 in (102mm) DP, 20x 40 mm AA, 4x4 21-in (533 mm) TTs.
Crew:
1050
1950s last British cruiser designs
In the post war economical context, efforts switched to a smaller design, hoping it could be voted more easily. It was the "Cruiser/Destroyer" armed with three rapid-fire 5-inch (127 mm) guns (NATO standard), but it was abandoned in 1953. By then, inspired by efforts made in the USN, attention shifted to guided-missile cruisers. In July 1955 the admiralty settled on a 15,400 long tons (15,600 t) cruiser, partially conventional, because it was armed with two twin Mark 26 6-inch turrets, two 3-inch turrets and a single Seaslug SAM. It was as long as the 1951 Minotaur cruiser, 3 ft beamier and a single 984 3D radar plus two 901 control channels. The cruiser carried 48 Seaslug missiles with a conventional warhead and 16 tactical nuclear ones. The two Mk 26 twin turrets were forward and the twin 3-inch/70 guns were placed alongside the supestrcture while the aft part was reserved for the missile launched and massive reload magazine.
This was in effect, the very last RN cruiser design, called 96A GWA, evolving into a finalized 18,200 dispalcement. The new sea lord, Mountbatten, rejected it on 4 January 1957. It would have been a "british Galveston", similar to the USN Talos cruisers conversions, crossed with USS Northampton command cruiser. Three of these "enhanced Minotaurs" were included in the 1956 construction programme, completion expected for 1962, and cancelled by the CNS after the Suez Crisis. Another factor was the revelation the Soviet Navy abandoned its Sverdlov-class cruiser construction line by order of Nikita Khrushchev. Mountbatten firmly believed large cruisers were too large and costly for practical use anymore. On 16 January 1957 not only that design, but also the entire cruiser design office was closed, as well as the conversion of HMS Superb (Tiger-class), however the 6 inches and 3-inch mounts ended on the Tiger-class as completed. The missile cruiser concept was transformed in the less costly County-class destroyers.
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❢ Abbreviations & acronyms
AA
Anti-Aircraft
AAW
// warfare
AAS
Amphibious Assault Ship
Adm
Admiral
AEW
Airbone early warning
AG
Air Group
AFV
Armored Fighting Vehicle
AMGB
armoured motor gunboat
AP
Armor Piercing
APC
Armored Personal Carrier
AS
Antisubmarine
ASM
Air-to-surface Missile
ASMD
Anti Ship Missile Defence
ASROC
ASW Rockets
ASW
Anti Submarine Warfare
ASWRL
ASW Rocket Launcher
ATW
ahead thrown weapon
avgas
Aviation Gasoline
aw
Above Waterline
AWACS
Airborne warning & control system
BB
Battleship
bhp
brake horsepower
BL
Breach-loader (gun)
BLR
Breach-loading, Rifled (gun)
BU
Broken Up
c
circa
CA
Armoured/Heavy cruiser
Capt.
Captain
Cal
Caliber or ".php"
CG
Missile Cruiser
CIC
Combat Information Center
C-in-C
Commander in Chief
CIWS
Close-in weapon system
CE
Compound Expansion (engine)
Ch
Chantiers ("Yard", FR)
CL
Cruiser, Light
cm
centimeter(s)
CMB
Coastal Motor Boat
CMS
Coastal Minesweeper
CNO
Chief of Naval Operations
Cp
Compound (armor)
Co
Company
COB
Compound Overhad Beam
CODAG
Combined Diesel & Gas
CODOG
Combined Diesel/Gas
COGAG
Combined Gas and Gas
COGOG
Combined Gas/Gas
comm
commissioned
comp
completed
conv
converted
convl
conventional
COSAG
Combined Steam & Gas
CR
Compound Reciprocating
CRCR
Same, connecting rod
CruDiv
Cruiser Division
CP
Controlled Pitch
CT
Conning Tower
CTL
constructive total loss
CTOL
Conv. Take off & landing
CTp
Compound Trunk
cu
cubic
Cyl
Cylinder(s)
CV
Aircraft Carrier
CVA
// Attack
CVE
// Escort
CVL
// Light
CVS
// ASW support
cwt
Hundredweight
DA
Direct Action
DASH
Drone ASW Helicopter
DC
Depht Charge
DCT
// Track
DCR
// Rack
DCT
// Thrower
DD
Destroyer/drydock
DE
Double Expansion
DE
Destroyer Escort
DDE
// Converted
DesRon
Destroyer Squadron
DF
Double Flux
D/F
Direction(finding)
DP
Dual Purpose
DUKW
Amphibious truck
DyD
Dockyard
EOC
Elswick Ordnance Co.
ECM
Electronic Warfare
ESM
Electronic support measure
F
Farenheit
FCS
Fire Control System
FF
Frigate
fps
Feet Per Second
ft
Feets
FY
Fiscal Year
gal
gallons
GM
Metacentric Height
GPMG
General Purpose Machine-gun
GRP
Fiberglass
GRT
Gross Tonnage
GUPPY
Greater Underwater Prop.Pow.
HA
High Angle
HC
Horizontal Compound
HCR
// Reciprocating
HCDA
// Direct Acting
HCDCR
// connecting rod
HDA
// direct acting
HDAC
// acting compound
HDAG
// acting geared
HDAR
// acting reciprocating
HDML
Harbor def. Motor Launch
H/F
High Frequency
HF/DF
// Directional Finding
HMS
Her Majesty Ship
HN
Harvey Nickel
HNC
Horizontal non-condensing hp
HP
High Pressure
hp
horizontal
HQ
Headquarter
HR
Horizontal reciprocating
HRCR
// connecting rod
HS
Harbor Service
HS(E)
Horizontal single (expansion)
HSET
// trunk
HT
Horizontal trunk
HTE
// expansion
IC
Inverted Compound
IDA
Inverted direct acting
IFF
Identification Friend or Foe
ihp
indicated horsepower
IMF
Inshore Minesweeper
in
Inche(s)
irc
ironclad
KC
Krupp, cemented
kg
Kilogram
KNC
// non cemented
km
Kilometer
kt(s)
Knot(s)
kw
kilowatt
ib
pound(s)
LA
Low Angle
LC
Landing Craft
LCA
// Assault
LCAC
// Air Cushion
LFC
// Flak (AA)
LCG
// Gunboat
LCG(L)
/// Large
LCG(M)
/// Medium
LCG(S)
/// Small
LCI
// Infantry
LCM
// Mechanized
LCP
// Personel
LCP(R)
/// Rocket
LCS
// Support
LCT
// Tanks
LCV
// Vehicles
LCVP
/// Personal
LCU
// Utility
loco
locomotive (boiler)
LSC
Landing ship, support
LSD
// Dock
LSF
// Fighter (direction)
LSM
// Medium
LSS
// Stern chute
LST
// Tank
LSV
// Vehicle
LP
low pressure
lwl
lenght waterline
m
metre(s)
M
Model
MA/SB
motor AS boat
max
maximum
MG
Machine Gun
MGB
Motor Gunboat
MLS
Minelayer/Sweeper
ML
Motor Launch
MMS
Motor Minesweper
MT
Military Transport
MTB
Motor Torpedo Boat
HMG
Heavy Machine Gun
MCM(V)
Mine countermeasure Vessel
min
minute(s)
Mk
Mark
ML
Muzzle loading
MLR
// rifled
MSO
Ocean Minesweeper
mm
millimetre
NC
non condensing
nhp
nominal horsepower
nm
Nautical miles
N°
Number
NBC/ABC
Nuc. Bact. Nuclear
NS
Nickel steel
NTDS
Nav.Tactical Def.System
NyD
Naval Yard
oa
Overall
OPV
Offshore Patrol Vessel
PC
Patrol Craft
PDMS
Point Defence Missile System
pdr
pounder
pp
perpendicular
psi
pounds per square inch
PVDS
Propelled variable-depth sonar
QF
Quick Fire
QFC
// converted
RAdm
Rear Admiral
RC
Radio-control/led
RCR
return connecting rod
rec
Rectangular
rev
Revolver
RF
Rapid Fire
RPC
Remote Control
rpg
Round per gun
SAM
Surface to air Missile
SAR
Search Air Rescue
sb
Smoothbore
SB
Ship Builder
SC
Sub-chaser (hunter)
SSBN
Ballistic Missile sub.Nuclear
SE
Simple Expansion
SET
// trunk
SG
Steeple-geared
shp
Shaft horsepower
SH
simple horizontal
SOSUS
Sound Surv. System
SPR
simple pressure horiz.
sq
square
SS
Submarine (Conv.)
SSM
Surface-surface Missile
sub
submerged
sf
steam frigate
SLBM
Sub.Launched Ballistic Missile
spf
steam paddle frigate
STOVL
Short Take off/landing
SUBROC
Sub.Fired ASW Rocket
t
ton, long (short in bracket)
TACAN
Tactical Air Nav.
TB
Torpedo Boat
TBD
// destroyer
TC
Torpedo carriage
TE
Triple expansion
TER
// reciprocating
TF
Task Force
TGB
Torpedo gunboat
TG
Task Group
TL
Torpedo launcher
TLC
// carriage
TNT
Trinitroluene
TS
Training Ship
TT
Torpedo Tube
UDT
Underwater Demolition Team
UHF
Ultra High Frequency
Vadm
Vice Admiral
VC
Vertical compound
VCE
// expansion
VDE
/ double expansion
VDS
Variable Depth Sonar
VIC
/ inverted compound
VLF
Very Low Frequency
VQL
/ quadruple expansion
VSTOL
Vertical/short take off/landing
VTE
/ triple expansion
VTOL
Vertical take off/landing
VSE
/ Simple Expansion
wks
Works
wl
waterline
WT
Wireless Telegraphy
x
number of
Yd
Yard
Organizations
GIUK
Greenland-Iceland-UK
BuShips
Bureau of Ships
DBM
German Navy League
GB
Great Britain
DNC
Directorate of Naval Construction
EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
FAA
Fleet Air Arm
FNFL
Free French Navy
JMSDF
Jap.Mar.Self-Def.Force
MDAP
Mutual Def.Assistance Prog.
MSA
Maritime Safety Agency
NATO
RAF
Royal Air Force
RAN
Royal Australian Navy
RCN
Royal Canadian Navy
R&D
Research & Development
RN
Royal Navy
RNZN
Royal New Zealand Navy
ussr
Union of Socialist Republics
UE/EEC
European Union/Comunity
UN
United Nations Org.
USN
United States Navy
WaPac
Warsaw Pact
⛶ Pre-Industrial Eras
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Tsushima
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⚔ Crimean War
Austrian Navy
☍ See the page
SMS Kaiser
Radetzky class
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French Navy
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Screw Ships of the Line
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Sailing Ships of the Line
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Screw Corvettes
Primauguet class (1852)
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Royal Navy
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Duke of Wellington
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Sailing ships of the Line
Sailing Frigates
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Screw Corvettes
Screw guard ships
Paddle frigates
Paddle corvettes
Screw sloops
Paddle sloops
Screw gunboats
Brigs
⚑ 1870 Fleets
Armada Espanola
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Numancia (1863)
Tetuan (1863)
Vitoria (1865)
Arapiles (1864)
Zaragosa (1867)
Sagunto (1869)
Mendez Nunez (1869)
Spanish wooden s. frigates (1861-65)
Frigate Tornado (1865)
Frigate Maria de Molina (1868)
Spanish sail gunboats (1861-65)
K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
Ironclad Kaiser (1850-70)
Drache class BD. Ironclads (1861)
Kaiser Max class BD. Ironclads (1862)
Erzherzog F. Max class BD. Ironclads (1865)
SMS Lissa Ct. Bat. Ships (1869)
SMS Novara Frigate (1850)
SMS Schwarzenberg Frigate (1853)
Radetzky class frigates (1854)
Erzherzog Friedrich class corvettes (1853)
SMS Helgoland Sloop (1867)
Dansk Marine
Dannebrog (1863)
Peder Skram (1864)
Danmark (1864)
Rolf Krake (1864)
Lindormen (1868)
Jylland CR (1860)
Tordenskjold CR (1862)
Dagmar SP (1861)
Absalon class GB (1862)
Fylla class GB (1863)
Nautiko Hellenon
Basileos Giorgios (1867)
Basilisa Olga (1869)
Sloop Hellas (1861)
Koninklije Marine 1870
Dutch Screw Frigates & corvettes
De Ruyter Bd Ironclad (1863)
Prins H. der Neth. Turret ship (1866)
Buffel class turret rams (1868)
Skorpioen class turret rams (1868)
Heiligerlee class Monitors (1868)
Bloedhond class Monitors (1869)
Adder class Monitors (1870)
A.H.Van Nassau Frigate (1861)
A.Paulowna Frigate (1867)
Djambi class corvettes (1860)
Amstel class Gunboats (1860)
Marine Nationale
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Screw 3-deckers (1850-58)
Screw 2-deckers (1852-59)
Screw Frigates (1849-59)
Conv. sailing frigates
Screw Corvettes (1846-59)
Screw Fl. Batteries (1855)
Paddle Frigates
Paddle Corvettes
screw sloops
screw gunboats
Sailing ships of the line
Sailing frigates
Sailing corvettes
Sailing bricks
Gloire class Bd. Ironclads (1859)
Couronne Bd. Ironclad (1861)
Magenta class Bd. Ironclads (1861)
Palestro class Flt. Batteries (1862)
Arrogante class Flt. Batteries (1864)
Provence class Bd. Ironclads (1864)
Embuscade class Flt. Batteries (1865)
Taureau arm. ram (1865)
Belliqueuse Bd. Ironclad (1865)
Alma Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1867)
Ocean class CT Battery ship (1868)
Cosmao class cruisers (1861)
Talisman cruisers (1862)
Resolue cruisers (1863)
Venus class cruisers (1864)
Decres cruiser (1866)
Desaix cruiser (1866)
Limier class cruisers (1867)
Linois cruiser (1867)
Chateaurenault cruiser (1868)
Infernet class Cruisers (1869)
Bourayne class Cruisers (1869)
Cruiser Hirondelle (1869)
Curieux class sloops (1860)
Adonis class sloops (1863)
Guichen class sloops (1865)
Sloop Renard (1866)
Bruix class sloops (1867)
Pique class gunboats (1862)
Hache class gunboats (1862)
Arbalete class gunboats (1866)
Etendard class gunboats (1868)
Revolver class gunboats (1869)
Marinha do Brasil
Barrozo class (1864)
Brasil (1864)
Tamandare (1865)
Lima Barros (1865)
Rio de Janeiro (1865)
Silvado (1866)
Mariz E Barros class (1866)
Carbal class (1866)
Osmanlı Donanması
Osmanieh class Bd.Ironclads (1864)
Assari Tewfik (1868)
Assari Shevket class Ct. Ironclads (1868)
Lufti Djelil class CDS (1868)
Avni Illah class cas.ironclads (1869)
Fethi Bulend class cas.ironclads (1870)
Barbette ironclad Idjalleh (1870)
Messudieh class Ct.Bat.ships (1874)
Hamidieh Ct.Bat.Ironclads (1885)
Abdul Kadir Battleships (project)
Frigate Ertrogul (1863)
Selimieh (1865)
Rehberi Tewkik (1875)
Mehmet Selim (1876)
Sloops & despatch vessels
Marina Do Peru
Monitor Atahualpa (1865)
CT. Bat Independencia (1865)
Turret ship Huascar (1865)
Frigate Apurimac (1855)
Corvette America (1865)
Corvette Union (1865)
Marinha do Portugal
Bartolomeu Dias class (28-guns) steam frigates
Sagris (14 guns) steam corvette
Vasco Da Gama (74 guns) Ship of the Line
Dom Fernando I e Gloria (50) Sailing Frigate
Dom Joao I class (14 guns) Sailing corvettes
Portuguese Side-wheel steamers
Regia Marina 1870
Formidabile class (1861)
Pr. de Carignano class (1863)
Re d'Italia class (1864)
Regina maria Pia class (1863)
Roma class (1865)
Affondatore (1865)
Palestro class (1865)
Guerriera class (1866)
Cappelini class (1868)
Sesia DV (1862)
Esploratore class DV (1863)
Vedetta DV (1866)
Nihhon Kaigun 1870
Ironclad Ruyjo (1868)
Ironclad Kotetsu (1868)
Frigate Fujiyama (1864)
Frigate Kasuga (1863)
Corvette Asama (1869)
Gunboat Raiden (1856)
Gunboat Chiyodogata (1863)
Teibo class GB (1866)
Gunboat Mushun (1865)
Gunboat Hosho (1868)
Preußische Marine 1870
Prinz Adalbert (1864)
Arminius (1864)
Friedrich Carl (1867)
Kronprinz (1867)
K.Whilhelm (1868)
Arcona class Frigates (1858)
Nymphe class Frigates (1863)
Augusta class Frigates (1864)
Jäger class gunboats (1860)
Chamaleon class gunboats (1860)
Russkiy Flot 1870
Ironclad Sevastopol (1864)
Ironclad Petropavlovsk (1864)
Ironclad Smerch (1864)
Pervenetz class (1863)
Charodeika class (1867)
Admiral Lazarev class (1867)
Ironclad Kniaz Pojarski (1867)
Bronenosetz class monitors (1867)
Admiral Chichagov class (1868)
S3D Imperator Nicolai I (1860)
S3D Sinop (1860)
S3D Tsessarevich (1860)
Russian screw two-deckers (1856-59)
Russian screw frigates (1854-61)
Russian screw corvettes (1856-60)
Russian screw sloops (1856-60)
Varyag class Corvettes (1862)
Almaz class Sloops (1861)
Opyt TGBT (1861)
Sobol class TGBT (1863)
Pishtchal class TGBT (1866)
Svenska marinen
Ericsson class monitors (1865)
Frigate Karl XIV (1854)
Frigate Stockholm (1856)
Corvette Gefle (1848)
Corvette Orädd (1853)
Søværnet
Skorpionen class (1866)
Frigate Stolaf (1856)
Frigate Kong Sverre (1860)
Frigate Nordstjerna (1862)
Frigate Vanadis (1862)
Glommen class gunboats (1863)
Union Navy
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Union Sailing ships
monitors & armored ships
USS New Ironsides (1862)
USS monitor (1862)
USS Galena (1862)
Passaic class
USS Roanoke
USS Onondaga
Miantonomoh class
USS Dictator
USS Puritan
Canonicus class
Kalamazoo class
Milwaukee class
Casco class
USS Keokuk (1862)
wooden screw Frigates
Wampanoag class (1864)
USS Chattanooga (1864)
USS Idaho (1864)
wooden screw sloops
Ossipee class (1862)
USS Sacramento (1862)
Ticonderoga class (1862)
Gunboats
Unadilla class gunboats (1861)
Kansas class (1862)
Octorara class (1862)
Sassacus class (1862)
Mohongo class (1863)
USS Spuyten Duyvil (1864)
USS Alligator (1862)
Confederate Navy
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CSS Frederickburg (1862)
CSS Savannah (1863)
CSS Stonewall (1864)
CSS Virginia II
CSS Tennessee
CSS Nashville
Commerce Raiders
Ajax class Iron Gunboats
CSS David (1862)
CSS HL Hunley (1863)
'Old Navy'(1865-1885)
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Dunderberg Bd Ironclad (1865)
Wampanoag class frigates (1864)
Frigate Chattanooga & Idaho (1864)
Frigate Idaho (1864)
Java class frigates (1865)
Contookook class frigates (1865)
Frigate Trenton (1876)
Swatara class sloops (1865)
Alaska class sloops (1868)
Galena class sloops (1873)
Enterprise class sloops (1874)
Alert class sloops (1873)
Alarm torpedo ram (1873)
Intrepid torpedo ram (1874)
⚑ 1890 Fleets
Armada de Argentina
Parana class (1873)
La Plata class (1875)
Pilcomayo class (1875)
Ferre class (1880)
K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
Custoza (1872)
Erzherzog Albrecht (1872)
Kaiser (1871)
Kaiser Max class (1875)
Tegetthoff (1878)
Radetzky(ii) class (1872)
SMS Donau(ii) (1874)
SMS Donau(iii) (1893)
Erzherzog Friedrich class (1878)
Saida (1878)
Fasana (1870)
Aurora class (1873)
Imperial Chinese Navy
Hai An class frigates (1872)
Dansk Marine
Tordenskjold (1880)
Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
Skjold (1896)
Cruiser Fyen (1882)
Cruiser Valkyrien (1888)
Nautiko Hellenon
Spetsai class (1889)
Nauarchos Miaoulis (1889)
Greek Torpedo Boats (1881-85)
Greek Gunboats (1861-84)
Marine Haitienne
Gunboat St Michael (1970)
Gunboat "1804" (1875)
Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
Gunboat Toussaint Louverture (1886)
Koninklije Marine
Konigin der Netherland (1874)
Draak, monitor (1877)
Matador, monitor (1878)
R. Claeszen, monitor (1891)
Evertsen class CDS (1894)
Atjeh class cruisers (1876)
Cruiser Sumatra (1890)
Cruiser K.W. Der. Neth (1892)
Banda class Gunboats (1872)
Pontania class Gunboats (1873)
Gunboat Aruba (1873)
Hydra Gunboat class (1873)
Batavia class Gunboats (1877)
Wodan Gunboat class (1877)
Ceram class Gunboats (1887)
Combok class Gunboats (1891)
Borneo Gunboat (1892)
Nias class Gunboats (1895)
Koetei class Gunboats (1898)
Dutch sloops (1864-85)
Marine Nationale
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Friedland CT Battery ship (1873)
Richelieu CT Battery ship (1873)
Colbert class CT Battery ships (1875)
Redoutable CT Battery ship (1876)
Courbet class CT Battery ships (1879)
Amiral Duperre barbette ship (1879)
Terrible class barbette ships (1883)
Amiral Baudin class barbette ships (1883)
Barbette ship Hoche (1886)
Marceau class barbette ships (1888)
Cerbere class Arm.Ram (1870)
Tonnerre class Br.Monitors (1875)
Tempete class Br.Monitors (1876)
Tonnant ironclad (1880)
Furieux ironclad (1883)
Fusee class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
Acheron class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
Jemmapes class (1892)
Bouvines class (1892)
La Galissonière Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1872)
Bayard class barbette ships (1879)
Vauban class barbette ships (1882)
Prot. Cruiser Sfax (1884)
Prot. Cruiser Tage (1886)
Prot. Cruiser Amiral Cécille (1888)
Prot. Cruiser Davout (1889)
Forbin class Cruisers (1888)
Troude class Cruisers (1888)
Alger class Cruisers (1891)
Friant class Cruisers (1893)
Prot. Cruiser Suchet (1893)
Descartes class Cruisers (1893)
Linois class Cruisers (1896)
D'Assas class Cruisers (1896)
Catinat class Cruisers (1896)
R. de Genouilly class Cruisers (1876)
Cruiser Duquesne (1876)
Cruiser Tourville (1876)
Cruiser Duguay-Trouin (1877)
Laperouse class Cruisers (1877)
Villars class Cruisers (1879)
Cruiser Iphigenie (1881)
Cruiser Naiade (1881)
Cruiser Arethuse (1882)
Cruiser Dubourdieu (1884)
Cruiser Milan (1884)
Parseval class sloops (1876)
Bisson class sloops (1874)
Epee class gunboats (1873)
Crocodile class gunboats (1874)
Tromblon class gunboats (1875)
Condor class Torpedo Cruisers (1885)
G. Charmes class gunboats (1886)
Inconstant class sloops (1887)
Bombe class Torpedo Cruisers (1887)
Wattignies class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
Levrier class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
Marinha do Brasil
Siete de Setembro class (1874)
Riachuleo class (1883)
Marinha do Portugal
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Coastal Battleship Vasco da Gama (1875)
Portuguese Torpedo Boats
Portuguese Gunboats
Mexico
GB Indipendencia (1874)
GB Democrata (1875)
Osmanlı Donanması
Cruiser Heibtnuma (1890)
Cruiser Lufti Humayun (1892)
Cruiser Hadevendighar (1892)
Shadieh class cruisers (1893)
Turkish TBs (1885-94)
Regia Marina
Pr. Amadeo class (1871)
Caio Duilio class (1879)
Italia class (1885)
Ruggero di Lauria class (1884)
Carracciolo (1869)
Vettor Pisani (1869)
Cristoforo Colombo (1875)
Flavio Goia (1881)
Amerigo Vespucci (1882)
C. Colombo (ii) (1892)
Pietro Micca (1876)
Tripoli (1886)
Goito class (1887)
Folgore class (1887)
Partenope class (1889)
Giovanni Bausan (1883)
Etna class (1885)
Dogali (1885)
Piemonte (1888)
Staffeta (1876)
Rapido (1876)
Barbarigo class (1879)
Messagero (1885)
Archimede class (1887)
Guardiano class GB (1874)
Scilla class GB (1874)
Provana class GB (1884)
Curtatone class GB (1887)
Castore class GB (1888)
Nihhon Kaigun
Ironclad Fuso (1877)
Kongo class Ironclads (1877)
Cruiser Tsukushi (1880)
Cruiser Takao (1888)
Cruiser Yaeyama (1889)
Cruiser Chishima (1890)
Cruiser Tatsuta (1894)
Cruiser Miyako (1898)
Frigate Nisshin (1869)
Frigate Tsukuba (acq.1870)
Kaimon class CVT (1882)
Katsuragi class SCVT (1885)
Sloop Seiki (1875)
Sloop Amagi (1877)
Corvette Jingei (1876)
Gunboat Banjo (1878)
Maya class GB (1886)
Gunboat Oshima (1891)
Kaiserliche Marine
Ironclad Hansa (1872)
G.Kurfürst class (1873)
Kaiser class (1874)
Sachsen class (1877)
Ironclad Oldenburg (1884)
Ariadne class CVT (1871)
Leipzig class CVT (1875)
Bismarck class CVT (1877)
Carola class CVT (1880)
Corvette Nixe (1885)
Corvette Charlotte (1885)
Schwalbe class Cruisers (1887)
Bussard class (1890)
Aviso Zieten (1876)
Blitz class Avisos (1882)
Aviso Greif (1886)
Wacht class Avisos (1887)
Meteor class Avisos (1890)
Albatross class GBT (1871)
Cyclop GBT (1874)
Otter GBT (1877)
Wolf class GBT (1878)
Habitch class GBT (1879)
Hay GBT (1881)
Eber GBT (1881)
Rhein class Monitors (1872)
Wespe class Monitors (1876)
Brummer class Arm.Steamers (1884)
Russkiy Flot
Petr Velikiy (1872)
Ekaterina class ICL (1886)
Imperator Alexander class ICL (1887)
Ironclad Gangut (1890)
Admiral Ushakov class (1893)
Navarin (1893)
Petropavlovsk class (1894)
Sissoi Veliky (1896)
Minin (1866)
G.Admiral class (1875)
Pamiat Merkuria (1879)
V.Monomakh (1882)
D.Donskoi (1883)
Adm.Nakhimov (1883)
Vitiaz class (1884)
Pamiat Azova (1886)
Adm.Kornilov (1887)
Rurik (1895)
Svetlana (1896)
Gunboat Ersh (1874)
Kreiser class sloops (1875)
Gunboat Nerpa (1877)
Burun class Gunboats (1879)
Sivuch class Gunboats (1884)
Korietz class Gunboats (1886)
Kubanetz class Gunboats (1887)
TGBT Lt.Ilin (1886)
TGBT Kp.Saken (1889)
Kazarski class TGBT (1889)
Grozyaschi class AGBT (1890)
Gunboat Khrabri (1895)
T.Gunboat Abrek (1896)
Amur class minelayers (1898)
Marina Do Peru
Lima class Cruisers (1880)
Chilean TBs (1879)
Svenska Marinen
Monitor Loke (1871)
Svea class Coast Defence Ships (1886)
Berserk class (1873)
Sloop Balder (1870)
Blenda class GB (1874)
Urd class GB (1877)
Gunboat Edda (1885)
Søværnet
Lindormen (1868)
Gorm (1870)
Odin (1872)
Helgoland (1878)
Tordenskjold (1880)
Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
Royal Navy 1898
Hotspur (1870)
Glatton (1871)
Devastation class (1871)
Cyclops class (1871)
Rupert (1874)
Neptune class (1874)
Dreadnought (1875)
Inflexible (1876)
Agamemnon class (1879)
Conqueror class (1881)
Colossus class (1882)
Admiral class (1882)
Trafalgar class (1887)
Victoria class (1890)
Royal Sovereign class (1891)
Centurion class (1892)
Renown (1895)
HMS Shannon (1875)
Nelson class (1876)
Iris class (1877)
Leander class (1882)
Imperieuse class (1883)
Mersey class (1885)
Surprise class (1885)
Scout class (1885)
Archer class (1885)
Orlando class (1886)
Medea class (1888)
Barracouta class (1889)
Barham class (1889)
Pearl class (1889)
1870-90 Torpedo Boats
Armada 1898
Ironclad Pelayo (1887)
Aragon class (1879)
Velasco class (1881)
Isla de Luzon (1886)
Alfonso XII class (1887)
Reina Regentes class (1887)
Infanta Maria Teresa class (1890)
Emperador Carlos V (1895)
Cristobal Colon (1896)
Princesa de Asturias class (1896)
Destructor class (1886)
Temerario class (1891)
TGunboat Filipinas (1892)
De Molina class (1896)
Furor class (1896)
Audaz class (1897)
Spanish TBs (1878-87)
Fernando class gunboats (1875)
Concha class gunboats (1883)
1898 US Navy
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USS Maine (1889)
USS Texas (1892)
Indiana class (1893)
USS Iowa (1896)
Amphitrite class (1876)
USS Puritan (1882)
USS Monterey (1891)
Atlanta class (1884)
USS Chicago (1885)
USS Charleston (1888)
USS Baltimore (1888)
USS Philadelphia (1889)
USS San Francisco (1889)
USS Newark (1890)
USS New York (1891)
USS Olympia (1892)
Cincinatti class (1892)
Montgomery class (1893)
Columbia class (1893)
USS Brooklyn (1895)
USS Vesuvius (1888)
USS Katahdin (1893)
USN Torpedo Boats (1886-1901)
GB USS Dolphin (1884)
Yorktown class GB (1888)
GB USS Petrel (1888)
GB USS Bancroft (1892)
Machias class GB (1891)
GB USS Nashville (1895)
Wilmington class GB (1895)
Annapolis class GB (1896)
Wheeling class GB (1897)
Small gunboats (1886-95)
St Louis class AMC (1894)
Harvard class AMC (1888)
USN Armoured Merchant Cruisers
USN Armed Yachts
WW1
☉ Entente Fleets
US Navy
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WW1 American Battleships
USS Texas (1891)
USS Iowa (1896)
Indiana class battleships (1898)
Kearsage class battleships (1898)
Illinois class (1898)
Maine class (1901)
Virginia class (1904)
Connecticut class (1905)
Mississippi class (1906)
South Carolina class battleships (1908)
Delaware class battleships (1909)
Florida class battleships (1910)
Arkansas class battleships (1911)
New York class Battleships (1912)
Nevada class Battleships (1914)
Pennsylvania class (1915)
New Mexico class battleships (1917)
Tennessee class battleships (1919)
Colorado class battleships (1920)
South Dakota class battleships (1920)
Lexington class battlecruisers (1921)
WW1 US Cruisers
Atlanta class (1885)
USS Chicago (1885)
USS Charleston (1887)
Baltimore class (1888)
USS Philadelphia (1889)
USS San Francisco (1889)
USS Newark (1890)
USS New York (1891)
Montgomery class (1891)
USS Olympia (1892)
Cincinatti class (1892)
Columbia class (1893)
USS Brooklyn (1895)
New Orleans class (1896)
USS Maine (1896)
Denver class (1902)
Pittsburg (Pennslvania) class (1903)
St Louis class (1904)
Memphis (Tennessee) class (1904)
Chester class (1907)
Omaha class (1920)
WW1 USN Destroyers
Bainbridge Class
Truxtun Class
Smith Class
Paulding Class
Cassin Class
O'brien Class
Tucker Class
Sampson Class
Caldwell Class
Wickes Class
Clemson Class
WW1 American Submarines
USS Holland 1897
A class subs 1901
B class subs 1906
C class subs 1907
D class subs 1909
E class subs 1911
F class subs 1911
G class subs 1911
H class subs 1913
K class subs 1914
L class subs 1915
M class subs 1915
N class subs 1916
O class subs 1917
R class subs 1917
S class subs 1918
T(AA) class subs 1918
American Torpedo Boats (1885-1901)
WW1 USN Gunboats
WW1 USN Monitors
WW1 USN Armed Merchant cruisers
WW1 USN armed Yachts
Eagle Boats (1918)
SC 110 ft (1917)
Shawmut class minelayers (1907)
Bird class minesweepers (1917)
Royal Navy
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WW1 British Battleships
Centurion class (1892)
Majestic class (1894)
Canopus class (1897)
Formidable class (1898)
London class (1899)
Duncan class (1901)
King Edward VII class (1903)
Swiftsure class (1903)
Lord Nelson class (1906)
HMS Dreadnought (1906)
Bellorophon class (1907)
St Vincent class (1908)
HMS Neptune (1909)
Colossus class (1910)
Orion class (1911)
King George V class (1911)
Iron Duke class (1912)
Queen Elizabeth class (1913)
HMS Canada (1913)
HMS Agincourt (1913)
HMS Erin (1915)
Revenge class (1915)
N3 class (1920)
WW1 British Battlecruisers
Invincible class (1907)
Indefatigable class (1909)
Lion class (1910)
HMS Tiger (1913)
Renown class (1916)
Courageous class (1916)
G3 class (1918)
ww1 British cruisers
Blake class (1889)
Edgar class (1890)
Powerful class (1895)
Diadem class (1896)
Cressy class (1900)
Drake class (1901)
Monmouth class (1901)
Devonshire class (1903)
Duke of Edinburgh class (1904)
Warrior class (1905)
Minotaur class (1906)
Hawkins class (1917)
Apollo class (1890)
Astraea class (1893)
Eclipse class (1894)
Arrogant class (1896)
Pelorus class (1896)
Highflyer class (1898)
Gem class (1903)
Adventure class (1904)
Forward class (1904)
Pathfinder class (1904)
Sentinel class (1904)
Boadicea class (1908)
Blonde class (1910)
Active class (1911)
'Town' class (1909-1913)
Arethusa class (1913)
'C' class series (1914-1922)
'D' class (1918)
'E' class (1918)
WW1 British Seaplane Carriers
HMS Ark Royal (1914)
HMS Campania (1893)
HMS Argus (1917)
HMS Furious (1917)
HMS Vindictive (1918)
HMS Hermes (1919)
WW1 British Destroyers
Reclassified DDs (A, B, C, D class)
26-knotters (1893)
27-knotters (1894)
30-knotters (1895-99)
33-knotters (1896-1901)
Prewar DDs
HM Turbinia (1897)
HMS Viper (1897)
HMS Cobra (1899)
HMS Velox (1899)
River class (1903)
Tribal class (1907)
Cricket class (1906)
HMS Swift (1907)
Albacore class (1906)
Beagle class (1909)
Acorn class (1910)
Acheron class (1911)
Acasta class (1912)
Laforey class (1913)
Wartime DDs
M/repeat M class (1914)
Faulknor class FL (1914)
Lightfoote class FL (1914)
Medea class (1914)
Talisman class (1915)
Parker claqs FL (1916)
R/Mod R class (1916)
V class FL (1917)
Skakespeare class FL (1917)
Scott class FL (1917)
V class (1917)
W/Mod W class (1917)
S class (1918)
WW1 British Torpedo Boats
125ft series (1885)
140ft series (1892)
160ft series (1901)
WW1 British Submarines
Nordenfelt Submarines (1885)
Holland Type (1901)
A-Class Type (1902)
B-Class Type (1904)
C-Class Type (1906)
D-Class Type (1908)
E-Class Type (1912)
S-Class Type (1914)
V-Class Type (1914)
W-Class Type (1914)
F-Class Type (1915)
H-class Type (1914)
HMS Nautilus (1914)
HMS Swordfish (1916)
G-Class Type (1915)
J-Class Type (1915)
K-Class Type (1916)
L-Class Type (1917)
M-Class Type (1917)
R-Class Type (1918)
WW1 British Monitors
Flower class sloops
British Gunboats of WWI
British P-Boats (1915)
Kil class (1917)
British ww1 Minesweepers
Z-Whaler class patrol crafts
British ww1 CMB
British ww1 Auxiliaries
Marine Nationale
☍ See the Page
WW1 French Battlecruisers (Projects)
WW1 French Battleships
Charles Martel class (1891)
Charlemagne class (1899)
Henri IV (1899)
Iéna (1898)
Suffren (1899)
République class (1902)
Liberté class (1904)
Danton class Battleships (1909)
Courbet class (1911)
Bretagne class (1914)
Normandie class battleships (1914)
Lyon class battleships (planned)
WW1 French Cruisers
Dupuy de Lôme (1890)
Admiral Charner class (1892)
Pothuau (1895)
Dunois class (1897)
Jeanne d'Arc arm. cruiser (1899)
Gueydon class arm. cruisers (1901)
Dupleix class arm. cruisers (1901)
Gloire class arm. cruisers (1902)
Gambetta class arm. cruisers (1901)
Jules Michelet arm. cruiser (1905)
Ernest Renan arm. cruiser (1905)
Edgar Quinet class arm. cruisers (1907)
Lamotte Picquet class cruisers (planned)
Cruiser D'Entrecasteaux (1897)
D’Iberville class (1893)
Jurien de la Gravière (1899)
Seaplane Carrier La Foudre (1895)
Kersaint class sloops (1897)
WW1 French Destroyers
WW1 French ASW Escorts
WW1 French Submarines
Plongeur (1863)
Gymnôte (1888)
Gustave Zédé (1893)
Morse (1899)
Narval (1899)
Sirène class (1901)
Farfadet class (1901)
Morse class (1901)
Naiade class (1904)
X (1904)
Z (1904)
Y (1905)
Aigrette class (1904)
Omega (1905)
Emeraude class (1906)
Circe class (1907)
Pluviose class (1909)
Brumaire class (1910)
Archimede (1909)
Mariotte (1911)
Amiral Bourgeois (1912)
Charles Brun (1910)
Clorinde class (1913)
Zédé class (1913)
Amphitrite class (1914)
Bellone class (1914)
Dupuy de Lome class (1915)
Diane class (1915)
Joessel class (1917)
Lagrange class (1917)
Armide class (1915)
O'Byrne class (1919)
Maurice Callot (1921)
Pierre Chailley (1921)
WW1 French Torpedo Boats
WW1 French river gunboats
WW1 French Motor Boats
WW1 French Auxiliary Warships
Nihhon Kaigun
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WW1 Japanese Battleships
Ironclad Chin Yen (1882)
Fuji class (1896)
Shikishima class (1898)
IJN Mikasa (1900)
Katori class (1905)
Satsuma class (1906)
Kawachi class (1910)
Fusō class (1915)
Ise class (1917)
Nagato class (1919)
Kaga class (1921)
Kii class (planned)
Tsukuba class BCs (1905)
Ibuki class (1907)
Kongō class (1912)
Akagi class (planned)
N°13 class (planned)
WW1 Japanese Cruisers
Naniwa class (1885)
IJN Unebi (1886)
Matsushima class (1889)
IJN Akitsushima (1892)
Suma class (1895)
Chitose class (1898)
Asama class (1898)
IJN Yakumo (1899)
IJN Adzuma (1899)
Tsushima class (1902)
IJN Otowa (1903)
Kasuga class (1904)
IJN Tone (1907)
Yodo class (1907)
Chikuma class (1911)
Tenryu class (1918)
WW1 Japanese Destroyers
WW1 Japanese Submersibles
WW1 Japanese Torpedo Boats
WW1 Japanese gunboats
IJN Wakamiya seaplane carrier (1905)
Natsushima class minelayers (1911)
IJN Katsuriki minelayer (1916)
Japanese WW1 auxiliaries
Russkiy Flot
☍ See the Page
WW1 Russian Battleships
Tri Sviatitelia (1894)
Poltava (1894)
Rostislav (1896)
Peresviet class (1899)
Pantelimon (1900)
Retvizan (1900)
Tsesarevich (1901)
Borodino class (1901)
Pervoswanny class (1908)
Evstafi class (1910)
Gangut class (1911)
Imperatritsa Mariya class (1913)
Borodino class battlecruisers (1915)
WW1 Russian Cruisers
Rossia class (1896)
Pallada class (1899)
Varyag (1900)
Askold (1900)
Novik (1900)
Bogatyr class (1901)
Boyarin (1901)
Izmurud (1903)
Bayan class (1905)
Rurik (1906)
Svetlana class (1915)
Adm. Nakhimov class (1915)
WW1 Russian Destroyers
Pruitki class (1895)
Bditelni(i) class (1899)
Grozni class (1904)
Ukraina class (1904)
Bukharski class (1905)
Gaidamak class (1905)
Lovki class (1905)
Bditelni class (1905)
Tverdi class (1906)
Storozhevoi class (1906)
Kondratenko class (1906)
Shestakov class (1907)
Novik (1911)
Bespokoiny(Derzki) class (1911)
Orfey class (1911)
Izyaslav class (1911)
Fidonisy(Kerch) class (1911)
WW1 Russian Submarines
WW1 Russian TBs (1877-1918)
WW1 Russian Minelayers
WW1 Russian Minesweepers
Amur class Minelayers (1906)
Regia Marina
WW1 Italian Battleships
Re Umberto class (1883)
Amiraglio Di St Bon class (1897)
Regina Margherita class (1900)
Regina Elena class (1904)
Dante Alighieri (1909)
Cavour class (1915)
Doria class (1916)
Caracciolo class battleships (1917)
WW1 Italian Cruisers
Umbria class (1891)
Calabria (1894)
Vettor Pisani class (1895)
Agordat class (1899)
Garibaldi class (1901)
Marco Polo (1892)
Nino Bixio class ()
Pisa class (1907)
San Giorgio class (1907)
Quarto (1911)
Libia (1912)
Campania class (1914)
WW1 Italian Gunboats
Governolo GB (1897)
Brondolo class (1909)
Sebastiano Caboto (1912)
Ape class (1918)
Erlanno Caboto (1918)
Bafile class (1921)
Esploratori (scouts)
Poerio class scouts
Mirabello class scouts
Aquila class scouts
Leone class scouts
WW1 Italian Destroyers
Soldati class
Indomito class
Pilo class
Sirtori class
La Masa class
Palestro class
"Generali" class
Curtatone class
WW1 Italian Torpedo Boats
WW1 Italian Submarines
WW1 Italian Monitors
WW1 Italian Minesweepers
WW1 Italian MAS
Grillo class tracked torpedo launches
✠ Central Empires
Kaiserliche Marine
WW1 German Battleships
Siegfried class (1889)
Brandenburg class (1892)
Wittelsbach class (1900)
Braunschweig class (1902)
Kaiser Friedrich III class (1904)
Deutschland class (1905)
Nassau class (1906)
Helgoland class (1909)
Kaiser class (1911)
König class (1913)
Bayern class battleships (1916)
Sachsen class (launched)
L20 Alpha (project)
WW1 German Battlecruisers
SMS Blücher (1908)
Von der Tann (1909)
Moltke class (1910)
Seydlitz (1912)
Derrflinger class (1913)
Hindenburg (1915)
Mackensen class (1917)
Ersatz Yorck class (started)
WW1 German Cruisers
Irene class (1887)
Bussard class (1890)
SMS Kaiserin Augusta (1892)
SMS Gefion (1893)
SMS Hela (1895)
Victoria Louise class (1896)
Fürst Bismarck (1897)
Gazelle class (1898)
Prinz Adalbert class (1901)
Prinz heinrich (1900)
Bremen class (1902)
Könisgberg class (1905)
Roon class (1905)
Scharnhorst class (1906)
Dresden class (1907)
Nautilus class (1906)
Kolberg class (1908)
Magdeburg class (1911)
Karlsruhe class (1912)
Graudenz class (1914)
Pillau class (1914)
Brummer class (1915)
Wiesbaden class (1915)
Königsberg(ii) class (1915)
Cöln class (1916)
WW1 German Commerce Raiders
SMS Seeadler (1888)
WW1 German Destroyers
WW1 German Submarines
Brandtaucher
Forelle
U-1
U-2
U-3 class
U-5 class
U-9 class
U-13 class
U-17 class
U-19 class
U-23 class
U-43 class
U-57 class
U-63 class
U-87 class
U-93 class
U-139 class
U-142 class
UA
UB-I class
UB-II class
UB-III class
UC-I class
UC-II class
Deutschland
UE-I class
UE-II class
U-Projects
WW1 German Torpedo Boats
ww1 German gunboats
ww1 German minesweepers
ww1 German MTBs
KuK Kriesgmarine
Monarch class coastal BS (1895)
Habsburg class
Herzherzog Karl class
Radetzky class (1908)
SMS Kaiser Karl IV (1898)
SMS Sankt Georg (1903)
Tegetthoff class (1911)
Zenta class (1897)
Kaiser Franz Joseph I class (1889)
Kaiserin und Königin Maria Theresia
Admiral Spaun/Novara
Panther class (1885)
Zara class (1880)
Austro-Hungarian Destroyers
Tatra class Destroyers
Austro-Hungarian Submarines
Austro-Hungarian Torpedo Boats
Versuchsgleitboot
Osmanli Donmanasi
Barbarossa class battleships (1892)
Yavuz (1914)
Cruiser Mecidieh (1903)
Cruiser Hamidieh (1903)
Cruiser Midilli (1914)
Namet Torpedo cruisers (1890)
Sahahani Deria Torpedo cruisers (1892)
Destroyers class Berk-Efshan (1894)
Destroyers class Yarishar (1907)
Destroyers class Muavenet (1909)
Berk i Savket class Torpedo gunboats (1906)
Marmaris gunboat (1903)
Sedd ul Bahr class gunboats (1907)
Isa Reis class gunboats (1911)
Preveze class gunboats (1912)
Turkish WW1 Torpedo Boats
Turkish Armed Yachts (1861-1903)
Turkish WW1 Minelayers
⚑ Neutral Countries
Americas
Argentina
Alm. Brown Corvette (1880)
Cruiser Patagonia (1885)
Libertad class CBC (1890)
Cruiser 25 de Mayo (1890)
Cruiser Nueve de Julio (1892)
Cruiser Buenos Aires (1895)
Garibaldi class cruisers (1895)
Espora class TGB (1890)
Patria class TGB (1893)
Argentinian TBs (1880-98)
Brazil
Marsh. Deodoro class (1898)
Riachuelo (1883)
Minas Geraes class (1908)
Cruiser Alm. Tamandaré (1890)
Cruiser Republica (1892)
Cruiser Alm. Barrozo (1892)
TT Gunboat Talayo (1892)
Brazilian TBs (1879-1893)
Chile
BS Alm. Latorre (1913)
BS Capitan Prat (1890)
Pdt. Errazuriz class (1890)
Lima class Cruisers (1880)
Blanco Encalada (1893)
Esmeralda (1894)
Ministro Zenteno (1896)
O'Higgins (1897)
Chacabuco (1898)
TGB Almirante Lynch (1890)
TGB Alm. Sampson (1896)
Chilean TBs (1880-1902)
Cuba
Gunboat Baire (1906)
Gunboat Patria (1911)
Diez de octubre class GB (1911)
Sloop Cuba (1911)
Haiti
Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
GB Toussaint Louverture (1886)
GB Capois la Mort (1893)
GB Crete a Pierot (1895)
Mexico
Cruiser Zatagosa (1891)
GB Plan de Guadalupe (1892)
Tampico class GB (1902)
N. Bravo class GB (1903)
Peru
Almirante Grau class (1906)
Ferre class subs. (1912)
Europe
Bulgaria
Cruiser Nadezhda (1898)
Drski class TBs (1906)
Denmark
Skjold class (1896)
Herluf Trolle class (1899)
Herluf Trolle (1908)
Niels Iuel (1918)
Hekla class cruisers (1890)
Valkyrien class cruisers (1888)
Fyen class crusiers (1882)
Danish TBs (1879-1918)
Danish Submarines (1909-1920)
Danish Minelayer/sweepers
Greece
Kilkis class
Giorgios Averof class
Netherlands
Eversten class (1894)
Konigin Regentes class (1900)
De Zeven Provincien (1909)
Dutch dreadnought (project)
Holland class cruisers (1896)
Fret class destroyers
Dutch Torpedo boats
Dutch gunboats
Dutch submarines
Dutch minelayers
Norway
Haarfarge class (1897)
Norge class (1900)
Norwegian Monitors
Cr. Frithjof (1895)
Cr. Viking (1891)
DD Draug (1908)
Norwegian ww1 TBs
Norwegian ww1 Gunboats
Sub. Kobben (1909)
Ml. Fröya (1916)
Ml. Glommen (1917)
Portugal
Coastal Battleship Vasco da Gama (1875)
Cruiser Adamastor (1896)
Sao Gabriel class (1898)
Cruiser Dom Carlos I (1898)
Cruiser Rainha Dona Amelia (1899)
Portuguese ww1 Destroyers
Portuguese ww1 Submersibles
Portuguese ww1 Gunboats
Romania
Elisabeta (1885)
Spain
España class Battleships (1912)
Velasco class (1885)
Ironclad Pelayo (1887)
Alfonso XII class (1887)
Cataluna class (1896)
Plata class (1898)
Estramadura class (1900)
Reina Regentes class (1906)
Spanish Destroyers
Spanish Torpedo Boats
Spanish Sloops/Gunboats
Spanish Submarines
Spanish Armada 1898
Sweden
Svea classs (1886)
Oden class (1896)
Dristigheten (1900)
Äran class (1901)
Oscar II (1905)
Sverige class (1915)
J. Ericsson class (1865)
Gerda class (1871)
Berserk (1873)
HMS Fylgia (1905)
Clas Fleming class (1912)
Swedish Torpedo cruisers
Swedish destroyers
Swedish Torpedo Boats
Swedish gunboats
Swedish submarines
Asia
China
Dingyuan class Ironclads (1881)
Hai Ching class (1874)
Wei Yuan class (1878)
Chao Yung class (1880)
Nan T'an class (1883)
Pao Min (1885)
King Ching class (1885)
Tung Chi class (1895)
Hai Yung class (1897)
Hai Tien class (1898)
Chao Ho class (1911)
Gunboats (1867-1918)
Fu Po class Gunboats (1870)
Torpedo gunboats (1891-1900)
Destroyers (1906-1912)
Torpedo boats (1883-1902)
Thailand
Maha Chakri (1892)
Thoon Kramon (1866)
Makrut Rajakumarn (1883)
⚏ WW1 3rd/4th rank navies
✈ WW1 Naval Aviation
USN
Boeing model 2/3/5 (1916)
Aeromarine 39 (1917)
Curtiss H (1917)
Curtiss F5L (1918)
Curtiss VE-7 (1918)
Curtiss NC (1918)
Curtiss NC4 (1918)
RNAS
Short 184 (1915)
Fairey Campania (1917)
Felixtowe F2 (1916)
Felixtowe F3 (1917)
Felixtowe F5 (1918)
Sopwith Baby (1917)
Fairey Hamble Baby (1917)
Fairey III (1918)
Short S38 (1912)
Short Admiralty Type 166 (1914)
Short Admiralty Type 184 (1915)
Blackburn Kangaroo
Sopwith 1-1/2 Strutter
Sopwith Pup
Sopwith Cuckoo 1918
Royal Aircraft Factory Airships
Marineflieger
Albatros W.4 (1916)
Albatros W.8 (1918)
Friedrichshafen Models
Gotha WD.1-27 (1918)
Hansa-Brandenburg series
L.F.G V.19 Stralsund (1918)
L.F.G W (1916)
L.F.G WD (1917)
Lübeck-Travemünde (1914)
Oertz W series (1914)
Rumpler 4B (1914)
Sablatnig SF (1916)
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs series
Kaiserlichesmarine Zeppelins
French Naval Aviation
Borel Type Bo.11 (1911)
Nieuport VI.H (1912)
Nieuport X.H (1913)
Donnet-Leveque (1913)
FBA-Leveque (1913)
FBA (1913)
Donnet-Denhaut (1915)
Borel-Odier Type Bo-T(1916)
Levy G.L.40 (1917)
Blériot-SPAD S.XIV (1917)
Hanriot HD.2 (1918)
Zodiac Airships
Italian Naval Aviation
Ansaldo SVA Idro (1916)
Ansaldo Baby Idro (1915)
Macchi M3 (1916)
Macchi M5 (1918)
SIAI S.12 (1918)
Russian Naval Aviation
Grigorovich M-5 (1915)
Grigorovich M-9 (1916)
Grigorovich M-11 (1916)
Grigorovich M-15 (1916)
Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
✠ K.u.K. SeeFliegkorps
Lohner E (1914)
Lohner L (1915)
Oeffag G (1916)
IJN Air Service
IJN Farman 1914
Yokosho Rogou Kougata (1917)
Yokosuka Igo-Ko (1920)
WW2
✪ Allied ww2 Fleets
US Navy
WW2 US Battleships
Wyoming class (1911)
New York class (1912)
Nevada class (1914)
Pennsylvania class (1915)
New Mexico class (1917)
Tennessee Class (1919)
Colorado class (1921)
North Carolina class (1940)
South Dakota class (1941)
Iowa class (1942)
Montana class (cancelled)
WW2 American Cruisers
Omaha class cruisers (1920)
Pensacola class heavy Cruisers (1928)
Northampton class heavy cruisers (1929)
Portland class heavy cruisers (1931)
New Orleans class cruisers (1933)
Brooklyn class cruisers (1936)
USS Wichita (1937)
Atlanta class light cruisers (1941)
Cleveland class light Cruisers (1942)
Baltimore class heavy cruisers (1942)
Alaska class heavy cruisers (1944)
WW2 USN Aircraft Carriers
USS Langley (1920)
Lexington class CVs (1927)
USS Ranger (CV-4)
USS Wasp (CV-7)
Yorktown class aircraft carriers (1936)
Long Island class (1940)
Independence class CVs (1942)
Essex class CVs (1942)
Bogue class CVEs (1942)
Sangamon class CVEs (1942)
Casablanca class CVEs (1942)
Commencement Bay class CVEs (1944)
Midway class CVs (1945)
Saipan class CVs (1945)
WW2 USN destroyers
Farragut class (1934)
Porter class (1935)
Mahan class (1935)
Gridley class (1936)
Bagley class (1936)
Somers class (1937)
Benham class (1938)
Sims class (1939)
Benson class (1939)
Gleaves class (1940)
Fletcher class (1942)
Sumner class (1943)
Gearing class (1944)
GMT Evarts class (1942)
TE Buckley class (1943)
TEV/WGT Rudderow class (1943)
DET/FMR Cannon class
Asheville/Tacoma class
WW2 US Submarines
Barracuda class
USS Argonaut
Narwhal class
USS Dolphin
Cachalot class
Porpoise class
Shark class
Perch class
Salmon class
Sargo class
Tambor class
Mackerel class
Gato Class
USS Terror (1941)
Raven class Mnsp (1940)
Admirable class Mnsp (1942)
Eagle class sub chasers (1918)
PC class sub chasers
SC class sub chasers
PCS class sub chasers
YMS class Mot. Mnsp
PT-Boats
ww2 US gunboats
ww2 US seaplane tenders
USS Curtiss ST (1940)
Currituck class ST
Tangier class ST
Barnegat class ST
US Coast Guard
Lake class
Northland class
Treasury class
Owasco class
Wind class
Algonquin class
Thetis class
Active class
US Amphibious ships & crafts
US Amphibious Operations
Doyen class AT
Harris class AT
Dickman class AT
Bayfield class AT
Windsor class AT
Ormsby class AT
Funston class AT
Sumter class AT
Haskell class AT
Andromeda class AT
Gilliam class AT
APD-1 class LT
APD-37 class LT
LSV class LS
LSD class LS
Landing Ship Tank
LSM class LS
LSM(R) class SS
LCI(L) LC
LCT(6) LC
LCV class LC
LCVP class LC
LCM(3) class LC
LCP(L) class LC
LCP(R) class SC
LCL(L)(3) class FSC
LCS(S) class FSC
Royal Navy
☍ See the Page
WW2 British Battleships
Queen Elisabeth class (1913)
Revenge class (1915)
Nelson class (1925)
King George V class (1939)
Lion class (Started)
HMS Vanguard (1944)
Renown class (1916)
HMS Hood (1920)
WW2 British Cruisers
British C class cruisers (1914-1922)
Hawkins class cruisers (1917)
British D class cruisers (1918)
Enterprise class cruisers (1919)
HMS Adventure (1924)
County class cruisers (1926)
York class cruisers (1929)
Surrey class cruisers (project)
Leander class cruisers (1931)
Arethusa class cruisers (1934)
Perth class cruisers (1934)
Town class cruisers (1936)
Dido class cruisers (1939)
Abdiel class cruisers (1939)
Fiji class cruisers (1941)
Bellona class cruisers (1942)
Swiftsure class cruisers (1943)
Tiger class cruisers (1944)
WW2 British Aircraft Carriers
HMS Argus (1917)
HMS Furious (1917)
HMS Eagle (1918)
HMS Hermes (1919)
Courageous class aircraft carriers (1928)
HMS Ark Royal (1937)
Illustrious class (1939)
HMS Indomitable (1940)
Implacable class (1942)
Malta class (project)
HMS Unicorn (1941)
Colossus class (1943)
Majestic class (1944)
Centaur class (started 1945)
HMS Archer (1939)
HMS Argus (1917)
HMS Audacity (1941)
HMS Archer (1941)
HMS Activity (1941)
HMS Pretoria Castle (1941)
Avenger class (1941)
Attacker class (1941)
Ameer class (1942)
Merchant Aircraft Carriers (1942)
Nairana class (1943)
WW2 British Destroyers
Shakespeare class (1917)
Scott class (1818)
V class (1917)
S class (1918)
W class (1918)
A/B class (1926)
C/D class (1931)
G/H/I class (1935)
Tribal class (1937)
J/K/N class (1938)
Hunt class DE (1939)
L/M class (1940)
O/P class (1942)
Q/R class (1942)
S/T/U//V/W class (1942)
Z/ca class (1943)
Ch/Co/Cr class (1944)
Battle class (1945)
Weapon class (1945)
WW2 British submarines
L9 class (1918)
HMS X1 (1923)
Odin (O) class (1926)
Parthian (P) class (1929)
Rainbow (R) class (1930)
River (Thames) class (1932)
Swordfish (S) class (1932)
Grampus class (1935)
Shark class (1934)
Triton class (1937)
Undine class (1937)
U class (1940)
S class (1941)
T class (1941)
X-Craft midget (1942)
A class (1944)
WW2 British Amphibious Ships and Landing Crafts
LSI(L) class
LSI(M/S) class
LSI(H) class
LSS class
LSG class
LSC class
Boxer class LST
LST(2) class
LST(3) class
LSH(L) class
LSF classes (all)
LCI(S) class
LCI(L) class
LCS(L2) class
LCT(I) class
LCT(2) class
LCT(R) class
LCT(3) class
LCT(4) class
LCT(8) class
LCT(4) class
LCG(L)(4) class
LCG(M)(1) class
LCA
LCP
LCM
WW2 British MTB/gunboats
WW2 British MTBs
MTB-1 class (1936)
MTB-24 class (1939)
MTB-41 class (1940)
MTB-424 class (1944)
MTB-601 class (1942)
MA/SB class (1938)
MTB-412 class (1942)
MGB 6 class (1939)
MGB-47 class (1940)
MGB 321 (1941)
MGB 501 class (1942)
MGB 511 class (1944)
MGB 601 class (1942)
MGB 2001 class (1943)
WW2 British Gunboats
Denny class (1941)
Fairmile A (1940)
Fairmile B (1940)
HDML class (1940)
WW2 British Sloops
Bridgewater class (2090)
Hastings class (1930)
Shoreham class (1930)
Grimsby class (1934)
Bittern class (1937)
Egret class (1938)
Black Swan class (1939)
River class (1942)
Loch class (1944)
Bay class (1944)
Kingfisher class (1935)
Shearwater class (1939)
Flower class (1940)
Castle class (1943)
WW2 British Misc.
Roberts class monitors (1941)
Halcyon class minesweepers (1933)
Bangor class minesweepers (1940)
Bathurst class minesweepers (1940)
Algerine class minesweepers (1941)
Motor Minesweepers (1937)
ww2 British ASW trawlers
Basset class trawlers (1935)
Tree class trawlers (1939)
HMS Albatross seaplane carrier
WW2 British river gunboats
HMS Guardian netlayer
HMS Protector netlayer
HMS Plover coastal mines.
Medway class sub depot ships
HMS Resource fleet repair
HMS Woolwhich DD depot ship
HMS Tyne DD depot ship
Maidstone class sub depot ships
HmS Adamant sub depot ship
Athene class aircraft transport
British ww2 AMCs
British ww2 OBVs
British ww2 ABVs
British ww2 Convoy Escorts
British ww2 APVs
British ww2 SSVs
British ww2 SGAVs
British ww2 Auxiliary Mines.
British ww2 CAAAVs
British ww2 Paddle Mines.
British ww2 MDVs
British ww2 Auxiliary Minelayers
British ww2 armed yachts
Marine Nationale
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WW2 French Battleships
Courbet class (1911)
Bretagne class (1914)
Dunkerque class (1935)
Richelieu class (1940)
Gascoigne class (Project)
WW2 French cruisers
Duguay Trouin class (1923)
Duquesne class (1925)
Suffren class (1927)
Pluton (1929)
Jeanne d’Arc (1930)
Algérie (1930)
Emile Bertin (1933)
La Galissonnière class (1934)
De Grasse class (started)
St Louis class (started)
WW2 French Destroyers
Chacal class
Guepard class
Aigle class
Vauquelin class
Le Fantasque class
Mogador class
Bourrasque class
L'Adroit class
Le Hardi class
La Melpomene class TBs
Le fier class TBs
WW2 French Submarines
Requin class
600/630 Tonnes class
Redoutable class
Saphir class (1928)
Surcouf (1929)
Aurore class (1939)
Morillot class (1940)
Emeraude class (project)
Phenix class (project)
Aircraft Carrier Béarn (1923)
Ct Teste seaplane carrier (1929)
Joffre class CVs (started)
French ASW sloops
Bougainville class Avisos
Elan class Minesweepers
Chamois class Minesweepers
French ww2 sub-chasers
Sans souci class seaplane tenders
ww2 French river gunboats
ww2 French AMCs
Sovietskiy Flot
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Gangut class (1911)
Sovetsky Soyuz class (started)
Kronstadt class battlecruisers
Krasny Kavkaz (1916)
Svetlana class cruisers (1920)
Kirov class cruisers (1934)
Chapayev class cruisers (1940)
WW2 Soviet Destroyers
Sverdlov (Novik 1911)
Bespokoiny(Derzki) class (1911)
Orfey class (1911)
Izyaslav class (1911)
Fidonisy(Kerch) class (1911)
Leningrad class (1933)
Tashkent (1937)
Kiev class (1940)
Gnevnyi class (1936)
Storozhevoi class (1936)
Opytinyi (1935)
Ognevoi class (1940)
WW2 Soviet submarines
AG class (1920)
Series I (1928)
Series II (1931)
Series III (1930)
Series IV (1934)
Series V/V bis (1933)
Series VI/VI bis (1933)
Series IX/IX bis (1935)
Series X/X bis (1936)
Series XI (1935)
Series XIII/XIII bis (1937)
Series XV (1940)
Series XIV (1938)
Series XVI (1947)
Soviet ww2 Gunboats and Monitors
Soviet ww2 guardships
Soviet ww2 Minesweepers
Soviet ww2 Minelayers
Soviet ww2 MTBs
Soviet ww2 sub-chasers
Yosif Stalin class icebreakers
Royal Canadian Navy
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Royal Canadian Navy
IROQUOIS class destroyers
Canadian RIVER class
Canadian LOCH class
Canadian FLOWER class
Improved Flower class
Canadian armed trawlers
Canadian MACS
Royal Australian Navy
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Perth class cruisers (1934)
Arunta class destroyers (1940)
HMAS Albatros (1928)
Barcoo class frigates (1943)
Yarra class sloops (1935)
RNZN Fleet
RIN Fleet
Dutch Navy
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HNLMS De Ruyter (1935)
Java class cruisers (1921)
Tromp Class Cruisers (1937)
Holland class battecruisers (project)
Eendracht class cruisers (project)
Dutch Submarines
Admiralen class destroyers
Tjerk Hiddes class destroyers
Dutch gunboats
Dutch minelayers/minesweepers
Chinese Navy 1937
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Hai Yung class (1897)
Hai Tien class (1898)
Chao Ho class (1911)
Ning Hai class (1931)
WW2 Chinese Gunboats
✙ Axis ww2 Fleets
Imperial Japanese Navy
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WW2 Japanese Battleships
Kongō class Fast Battleships (1912)
Fuso class battleships (1915)
Ise class battleships (1917)
Nagato class Battleships (1919)
Yamato class Battleships (1941)
B41 class Battleships (project)
B64/65 Battlecruiser (1939-41)
WW2 Japanese cruisers
Tenryū class cruisers (1918)
Kuma class cruisers (1919)
Nagara class (1921)
Sendai class Cruisers (1923)
IJN Yūbari (1923)
Furutaka class Cruisers (1925)
Aoba class heavy cruisers (1926)
Nachi class Cruisers (1927)
Takao class cruisers (1930)
Mogami class cruisers (1934)
Tone class cruisers (1937)
Katori class cruisers (1939)
Agano class cruisers (1941)
Oyodo (1943)
Seaplane & Aircraft Carriers
IJN Hōshō (1921)
IJN Akagi (1925)
IJN Kaga (1927)
IJN Ryujo (1931)
IJN Soryu (1935)
IJN Hiryu (1937)
Shokaku class (1940)
Zuiho class (1937)
Ruyho (1933)
Hiyo class (1941)
Chitose class (1943)
IJN Taiho (1944)
IJN Shinano (1944)
Unryu class (1944)
IJN Ibuki (1942)
Taiyo class (1940)
IJN Kaiyo (1938)
IJN Shinyo (1934)
Notoro (1920)
Kamoi (1922)
Chitose class (1936)
Mizuho (1938)
Nisshin (1939)
IJN AMCs
IJN Aux. Seaplane tenders
Akistushima (1941)
Shimane Maru class (1944)
Yamashiro Maru class (1944)
Imperial Japanese Navy Aviation
WW2 Japanese Destroyers
Mutsuki class (1925)
Fubuki class (1927)
Akatsuki class (1932)
Hatsuharu class (1932)
Shiratsuyu class (1935)
Asashio class (1936)
Kagero class (1938)
Yugumo class (1941)
Akitsuki class (1941)
IJN Shimakaze (1942)
WW2 Japanese Submarines
KD1 class (1921)
Koryu class
Kaiten class
Kairyu class
IJN Midget subs
WW2 Japanese Amphibious ships/Crafts
Shinshu Maru class (1935)
Akistu Maru class (1941)
Kumano Maru class (1944)
SS class LS (1942)
T1 class LS (1944)
T101 class LS (1944)
T103 class LS (1944)
Shohatsu class LC (1941)
Chuhatsu class LC (1942)
Moku Daihatsu class (1942)
Toku Daihatsu class (1944)
WW2 Japanese minelayers
IJN Armed Merchant Cruisers
WW2 Japanese Escorts
Tomozuru class (1933)
Otori class (1935)
Matsu class (1944)
Tachibana class (1944)
Ioshima class (1944)
WW2 Japanese Sub-chasers
WW2 Japanese MLs
Shinyo class SB
Regia Marina
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WW2 Italian battleships
Littorio class battleships
Cavour class battleships
Doria class battleships (1916)
WW2 Italian Cruisers
Alberto di Giussano class
Trento class (1927)
Cadorna class (1931)
Zara class Cruisers (1931)
R. Montecuccoli class (1934)
Duca d'Aosta class (1935)
Duca degli Abruzzi class (1937)
Costanzo Ciano class (1939)
Etna class
Capitani Romani class (1941)
Giuseppe Miraglia
Aircraft carrier Aquila
WW2 Italian Destroyers
Leone class destroyers
Sella class
Sauro class
Turbine class
Navigatori class
Freccia class
Folgore class
Maestrale class
Oriani class
Soldati class
Cdt Medaglie d'Oro class
WW2 Italian TBs
Albatros
Spica class
Pegaso class
Ciclone class
Ariete class
WW2 Italian Submarines
Balilla class
Archimede class
Glauco class
Foca class
Marcello class
Brin class
Liuzzi class
Marconi class
Cagni class
Romolo class
Mameli class
Pisani class
Bandiera class
Squalo class
Bragadin class
Settembrini class
Argo class
Argonauta class
Sirena class
Perla class
Adua class
Acciaio class
Flutto class
CM class
CC class
CA class
CB class
ww2 Italian light MBs
MAS MBTs
MS class boats
VAS class ASW boats
MAT class
MTM class
MTS class (1940)
MTL class
SLC/SSB class
R Boats
Eritrea sloop (1936)
Diana sloop (1942)
Gabbaiano class Corvettes (1942)
Italian minelayers
Italian gunboats
Kriegsmarine
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ww2 german battleships
Bismarck class Battleships (1940)
Scharnhorst class battleships (1936)
Deutschland class Cruisers (1931)
K class Battleships
ww2 german cruisers
KMS Emden (1925)
Königsberg class cruisers (1927)
Leipzig class cruisers (1929)
Hipper class cruisers (1937)
M class
P class
KMS Graf Zeppelin (1939)
WW2 German submarines: U-Boats
Seeteufel (1944)
Type Ia U-Boats (1936)
Type II U-Boats (1935)
Type IX U-Boats (1936)
Type VII U-Boats (1933)
Type XB U-Boats (1941)
Type XIV U-Boats (1941)
Type XVII U-Boats (1945)
Type XXI U-Boats (1944)
Type XXIII U-Boats (1944)
Prototype U-Boats (1942-45)
German mini-subs and human torpedoes
WW2 German Destroyers
1934/34A Type
1936 Type
1936A Type
1936B Type
1936C Type
1942 Type
Beute Zerstörer
Spähkreuzer (1940)
WW2 German Torpedo Boats
1923 Type
1924 Type
1935 Type
1937 Type
1939 Type
1940 Type
1941 Type
F class escorts
ww2 German minesweepers
S-Bootes (E-Boats)
LS-Bootes
R-Boote
KS-Boote
Other Light Boats
Manta (paper project, 1944)
WW2 German Amphibious Ships
German Commerce Raiders
Bremse minelayer
Brummer minelayer
Brummer(II) minelayer
Saar tender
Bauer class tenders
Tsingtau tender
Tanga tender
Lüderitz class tenders
Nachtigal class tenders
Grille minelayer
Hela tender
Hela tender
Castor minelayer
Togo AA Cd ship
⚑ Neutral Navies
Argentinian Navy
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Rivadavia class Battleships
Cruiser La Argentina
Veinticinco de Mayo class cruisers
Argentinian Destroyers
Santa Fe class sub.
Bouchard class minesweepers
King class patrol vessels
Brazilian Navy
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Minas Gerais class Battleships (1912)
Cruiser Bahia
Brazilian Destroyers
Humaita class sub.
Tupi class sub.
Chilean Navy
☍ See the Page
Almirante Latorre class battleships
Cruiser Esmeralda (1896)
Cruiser Chacabuco (1911)
Chilean DDs
Fresia class subs
Capitan O’Brien class subs
Danish Navy
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Niels Iuel (1918)
Danish ww2 Torpedo-Boats
Danish ww2 submarines
Danish ww2 minelayer/sweepers
Finnish Navy
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Coastal BB Vainamoinen
Finnish ww2 submarines
Finnish ww2 minelayers
Hellenic Navy
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Greek ww2 Destroyers
Greek ww2 submarines
Greek ww2 minelayers
Polish Navy
☍ See the Page
Cruiser ORP Dragon
Cruiser ORP Conrad
Brislawicka class Destroyers
Witcher ww2 Destroyers
Minelayer Gryf
Wilk class sub.
Orzel class sub.
Jakolska class minesweepers
Polish Monitors
Portuguese Navy
☍ See the Page
Douro class DDs
Delfim class sub
Velho class gb
Albuquerque class gb
Nunes class sloops
Romanian Navy
☍ See the Page
Romanian ww2 Destroyers
Romanian ww2 Submarines
Sjøforsvaret
☍ See the Page
Norwegian ww2 Torpedo-Boats
Spanish Armada
☍ See the Page
España class Battleships
Blas de Lezo class cruisers
Canarias class cruisers
Cervera class cruisers
Cruiser Navarra
Spanish Destroyers
Spanish Submarines
Dédalo Seaplane Carrier
Spanish Gunboats
Spanish Minelayers
Svenska Marinen
☍ See the Page
Sverige class CBBs (1915)
Gustav V class CBBs (1918)
Interwar Swedish CBB projects
Tre Kronor class (1943)
Gotland (1933)
Fylgia (1905)
Ehrernskjold class DDs (1926)
Psilander class DDs (1926)
Klas Horn class DDs (1931)
Romulus class DDs (1934)
Göteborg class DDs (1935)
Mode class DDs (1942)
Visby class DDs (1942)
Öland class DDs (1945)
Swedish ww2 TBs
Swedish ww2 Submarines
Swedish ww2 Minelayers
Swedish ww2 MTBs
Swedish ww2 Patrol Vessels
Swedish ww2 Minesweepers
Turkish Navy
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Kocatepe class Destroyers
Tinaztepe class Destroyers
İnönü class submarines
Submarine Dumplumpynar
Submarine Sakarya
Submarine Gur
Submarine Batiray
Atilay class submarines
Royal Yugoslav Navy
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Cruiser Dalmacija
Dubrovnik class DDs
Beograd class DDs
Osvetnik class subs
Hrabi class subs
Gunboat Beli Orao
Royal Thai Navy
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Taksin class
Ratanakosindra class
Sri Ayuthia class
Puket class
Tachin class
Sinsamudar class sub
Minor Navies
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Albania
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✈ Naval Aviation
Latest entries
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WW1
|
Cold War
USN aviation
☍ See the Page
Douglas DT (1921)
Naval Aircraft Factory PT (1922)
Loening OL (1923)
Huff-Daland TW-5 (1923)
Martin MO (1924)
Consolidated NY (1926)
Vought FU (1927)
Vought O2U/O3U Corsair (1928)
Berliner-Joyce OJ (1931)
Curtiss SOC seagull (1934)
Grumman FF (1931)
Grumman F2F (1933)
Grumman F3F (1935)
Northrop BT-1 (1935)
Grumman J2F Duck (1936)
Curtiss SBC Helldiver (1936)
Vought SB2U Vindicator (1936)
Brewster F2A Buffalo (1937)
Douglas TBD Devastator (1937)
Vought Kingfisher (1938)
Curtiss SO3C Seamew (1939)
Douglas SBD Dauntless (1939)
Grumman F4F Wildcat (1940)
Northrop N-3PB Nomad (1941)
Brewster SB2A Buccaneer (1941)
Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger (1941)
Consolidated TBY Sea Wolf (1941)
Grumman F6F Hellcat (1942)
Vought F4U Corsair (1942) ➚
F4U Corsair (NE)
Curtiss SB2C Helldiver (1942)
Curtiss SC Seahawk (1944)
Douglas BTD Destroyer (1944)
Grumman F7F Tigercat (1943)
Grumman F8F Bearcat (1944)
Ryan FR-1 Fireball (1944)
Douglas XTB2D-1 Skypirate (1945) ➚
Douglas AD-1 Skyraider (1945)
Aeromarine 40 (1919)
Naval Aircraft Factory PN (1925)
Douglas T2D (1927)
Consolidated P2Y (1929)
Hall PH (1929)
Douglas PD (1929)
Douglas Dolphin (1931)
General Aviation PJ (1933)
Consolidated PBY Catalina (1935)
Fleetwings Sea Bird (1936)
Sikorsky VS-44 (1937)
Grumman G-21 Goose (1937)
Consolidated PB2Y Coronado (1937)
Beechcraft M18 (1937)
Sikorsky JRS (1938)
Boeing 314 Clipper (1938)
Martin PBM Mariner (1939)
Grumman G-44 Wigeon (1940)
Martin Mars (1943)
Goodyear GA-2 Duck (1944)
Edo Ose (1945) ➚
Hugues Hercules (1947)
Fleet Air Arm
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Carrier planes
Fairey Flycatcher (1922)
Blackburn Backburn (1923)
Blackburn Dart (1924)
Blackburn Ripon (1926)
Fairey IIIF (1927)
Fairey Seal (1930)
Vickers Vildebeest (1933)
Blackburn Shark (1934)
Blackburn Baffin (1934)
Fairey Swordfish (1934)
Blackburn Skua (1937)
Gloster Sea Gladiator (1937)
Blackburn Roc (1938)
Fairey Albacore (1940)
Fairey Fulmar (1940)
Grumman Martlet (1941)
Hawker sea Hurricane (1941)
Brewster Bermuda (1942)
Fairey Barracuda (1943)
De Havilland Mosquito FB Mk.XVIII (1942)
Grumman Gannet (1942)
Supermarine seafire (1942)
Grumman Tarpon (1943)
Fairey Firefly (1943)
Blackburn Firebrand (1944)
Hawker Sea Fury (1944)
Supermarine Seafang (1945)
De Havilland Sea Mosquito (1945)
De Havilland Sea Hornet (1946)
Floatplanes/seaplanes
Supermarine Channel (1919)
Supermarine Sea King (1920)
Fairey Pintail (1920)
Supermarine Seagull (1922)
Fairey N.4 (1923)
Vickers Viking (1924)
Supermarine Scarab (1924)
English Electric Kingston (1924)
Blackburn Velos (1925)
Supermarine Southampton (1925)
Blackburn Iris (1926)
Saro A.17 Cutty Sark (1929)
Saro A.19 Cloud (1930)
Short Rangoon (1930)
Short Kent (1931)
Hawker Osprey (1932)
Saro London (1934)
Short S.19 Singapore (1934)
Supermarine Scapa (1935)
Supermarine Stranraer (1936)
Supermarine Walrus (1936)
Fairey Seafox (1936)
Airspeed AS.30 Queen Wasp (1937)
Short Sunderland (1937)
Supermarine Sea Otter (1938)
Short S.30/33 Empire (1938)
Saro A36 Lerwick (1940)
Short S35 Shetland (1944)
Short Seaford (1944)
IJN aviation
☍ See the Page
Mitsubishi 1MF (1923)
Nakajima A1N (1930)
Nakajima A2N (1932)
Mitsubishi A5M "Claude" (1935)
Nakajima A4N (1935)
Mitsubishi A6M "zeke" (1940)
Nakajima J1N Gekko "Irving" (1941)
Mitsubishi J2M Raiden "Jack" (1942)
Kawanishi N1K-J Shiden "George" (1942)
Nakajima J5N Tenrai (1944)
Aichi S1A Denko* (1944)
Mitsubishi A7M reppu* (1944)
Mitsubishi J8M1 Shusui* (1945)
Mitsubishi J8M2 Shusui-kai* (1945)
Kyushu J7W Shinden* (1945)
Nakajima J9Y Kikka* (1945)
Mitsubishi 1MT (1922)
Mitsubishi B1M (1923)
Mitsubishi B2M (1932)
Kugisho B3Y (1932)
Aichi D1A "Susie" (1934)
Yokosuka B4Y "Jean" (1935)
Mitsubishi B5M "Mabel" (1937)
Nakajima B5N "Kate" (1937)
Aichi D3A "Val" (1940)
Nakajima B6N "Jill" (1941)
Aichi B7A "Grace" (1942)
Nakajima C6N Saiun "Myrt" (1942)
Yokosuka D4Y "Judy" (1942)
Yokosuka MXY-7 "Baka" (1944)
Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" (1935)
Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" (1941)
Kawanishi P1Y Ginga "Frances" (1943)
Kyushu Q1W Tokai "Lorna" (1943)
Tachikawa Ki-74 "Patsy" (1944)
Nakajima G8N Renzan "Rita" (1944)
Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
Nakajima C2N1 (1931)
Yokosuka K5Y1 "Willow" (1933)
Nakajima L1N1 (1937)
Kawanishi H6K2/4-L (1938)
Kyushu K10W1 "Oak" (1941)
Kyushu K11W1 Shiragiku (1942)
Mitsubishi L4M1 (1942)
Nakajima G5N Shinzan "Liz" (1942)
Yokosuka L3Y "Tina" (1942)
Kyushu Q1W1-K "Lorna"(1943)
Aichi M6A1-K Nanzan (1943)
Yokosuka MXY-7K-1 "Kai" (1944)
Yokosuka MXY-8 Akigusa (1945)
Hiro H1H (1926)
Yokosuka E1Y (1926)
Nakajima E2N (1927)
Aichi E3A (1929)
Yokosuka K4Y (1930)
Nakajima E4N (1931)
Nakajima E8N "Dave" (1935)
Kawanishi E7K "Alf" (1935)
Kawanishi E11K1 (1937)
Aichi E11A "Laura" (1938)
Watanabe E9W (1938)
Watanabe K8W* (1938)
Mitsubishi F1M "pete" (1941)
Nakajima E14Y "Glen" (1941)
Aichi E13A "Jake" (1941)
Aichi H9A (1942)
Nakajima A6M2-N (1942)
Kawanishi E15K Shiun (1942)
Kawanishi N1K1 "Rex" (1943)
Aichi E16A "Zuiun" (1944)
Aichi M6A1 Seiran (1945)
Kawanishi E11K* (1937)
Kawanishi H6K "Mavis" (1938)
Kawanishi K6K* (1938)
Kawanishi H6K3 (1939)
Kawanishi K8K (1940)
Kawanishi H8K "Emily" (1942)
Yokosuka H5Y "Cherry" (1936)
Mitsubishi 2MR (1923)
Yokosho K1Y (1924)
Yokosuka K2Y (1928)
Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
Hitachi LXG1 (1934)
Kyushu K10W "Oak" (1943)
Italian Aviation
☍ See the Page
CANT 6
CANT 18
CANT 25
CANT 25
CANT Z.501 Gabbiano
CANT Z.506 Airone
CANT Z.515
CANT Z.511
CANT Z.515
Caproni Ca.316
Fiat CR.20 Idro
Fiat RS.14
IMAM Ro.43
IMAM Ro.44
Macchi M18
Macchi M24
Macchi M41
Macchi M53
Macchi M71
Piaggio P6
Piaggio P8
Savoia-Marchetti S.55
Savoia-Marchetti S.57
Savoia-Marchetti S.59
Savoia-Marchetti SM.62
SIAI S.16
SIAI S.67
French Aeronavale
☍ See the Page
Levasseur PL5/9 (1924)
Wibault 74 (1926)
CAMS 37 (1926)
Gourdou-Leseurre GL.300 series (1926-39)
Levasseur PL7 (1928)
Levasseur PL10 (1929)
Latécoere 290 (1931)
Breguet 521/22/23 (1931)
Leo H257 bis (1932)
Latécoere 300 series (1932)
Morane 226 (1934)
Dewoitine 376 (1934)
Latécoere 321 (1935)
Potez 452 (1935)
Latécoere 38.1 (1936)
Loire 210 (1936)
Leo H43 (1936)
Levasseur PL107 (1937)
Loire 130 (1937)
Dewoitine HD.730 (1938)
Latecoere 298 (1938)
LN 401 (1938)
Soviet Naval Aviation
Shavrov SH-2 (1928)
Tupolev TB-1P (1931)
Tupolev MR-6 (1933)
Beriev MBR-2 (1930)
Beriev Be-2 (1936)
Beriev BE-4 (1940)
Tupolev MTB-1 (1941)
Tupolev MTB-2 (1942)
Luftwaffe (Naval)
☍ See the Page
Arado 197 (1937)
Fieseler Fi-167 (1938)
Junkers Ju-87C (1938)
Messerschmitt Me 109T (1941)
Messerschmitt 155 (1944)
Heinkel HE 1 (1921)
Caspar U1 (1922)
Dornier Do J Wal (1922)
Dornier Do 16 ‘Wal’ (1923)
Heinkel HE 2 (1923)
Junkers A 20/Ju 20 (1923)
Rohrbach Ro II (1923)
Rohrbach Ro III (1924)
Dornier Do D (1924)
Dornier Do E (1924)
Junkers G 24 (1924)
Rohrbach Ro IV (1925)
Heinkel HD 14 (1925)
Heinkel HE 25 (1925)
Heinkel HE 26 (1925)
Heinkel HE 24 (1926)
Heinkel HE 4 (1926)
Junkers W 33/34 (1926)
Heinkel HE 5 (1926)
Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe (1926)
Rohrbach Ro V Rocco (1927)
Heinkel HE 31 (1927)
Heinkel HE 8 (1927)
Arado W II (1928)
Heinkel HD 9 (1928)
Heinkel HD 16 (1928)
Heinkel He 55 (1929)
Heinkel He 56 (1929)
Arado SSD I (1930)
Junkers Ju 52w (1930)
Heinkel HE 42 (1931)
Heinkel He 50 (1931)
Heinkel He 59 (1931)
Arado Ar 66 (1932)
Heinkel He 58 (1932)
Junkers Ju 46 (1932)
Klemm Kl 35bW (1932)
Heinkel He 62 (1932)
Heinkel He 60 (1933)
Heinkel He 51w (1933)
Arado Ar 95 (1937)
Arado Ar 196 (1937)
Arado Ar 199 (1939)
Blohm & Voss Ha 139 (1936)
Blohm & Voss BV 138 (1937)
Blohm & Voss Ha 140 (1937)
Blohm & Voss BV 222 (1938)
Blohm & Voss BV 238 (1942)
Dornier Do 24/318 (1937)
Dornier Do 18 (1935)
Dornier Do 26 (1938)
Dornier Do 22 (1938)
DFS Seeadler (1936)
Focke-Wulf Fw 58W (1935)
Focke-Wulf Fw 62 (1937)
Heinkel He 114 (1936)
Heinkel He 115 (1936)
Heinkel He 119 (1936)
Dutch Naval Aviation
Fokker W.3 (1915)
Fokker T.II (1921)
Fokker B.I/III (1922)
Fokker B.II (1923)
Fokker T.III (1924)
Fokker T.IV (1927)
Fokker B.IV (1928)
Fokker C.VII W (1928)
Fokker C.VIII W (1929)
Fokker C.XI W (1934)
Fokker C.XIV-W (1937)
Fokker T.VIII-W (1939)
☢ The Cold War
☭ WARSAW PACT
Sovietskiy flot
☍ See the Page
Cold War Soviet Cruisers (1947-90)
Chapayev class (1945)
Kynda class (1961)
Kresta I class (1964)
Kresta II class (1968)
Kara class (1969)
Kirov class (1977)
Slava class (1979)
Moksva class (1965)
Kiev class (1975)
Kusnetsov class aircraft carriers (1988)
Cold War Soviet Destroyers
Skoryi class destroyers (1948)
Neustrashimyy (1951)
Kotlin class (1953)
Kildin class (1959)
Krupny class (1959)
Kashin class (1963)
Kanin class (1967)
Sovremenny class (1978)
Udaloy class (1980)
Project Anchar DDN (1988)
Soviet Frigates
Kola class (1951)
Riga class (1954)
Petya class (1960)
Mirka class (1964)
Grisha class (1968)
Krivak class (1970)
Koni class (1976)
Neustrashimyy class (1988)
Soviet Missile Corvettes
Poti class (1962)
Nanuchka class (1968)
Pauk class (1978)
Tarantul class (1981)
Dergach class (1987)
Svetlyak class (1989)
Cold War Soviet Submarines
Whiskey SSK (1948)
Zulu SSK (1952)
Quebec SSK (1950)
Romeo SSK (1957)
November SSN (1957)
Golf SSB (1957)
Hotel SSBN (1959)
Echo I SSGN (1959)
Echo II SSGN (1961)
Juliett SSG (1962)
Foxtrot SSK (1963)
Victor SSN I (1965)
Yankee SSBN (1966)
Alfa SSN (1967)
Charlie SSGN (1968)
Papa SSGN (1968)
Victor II SSN (1971)
Tango SSK (1972)
Delta I SSBN (1972)
Delta II SSBN (1975)
Victor III SSN (1977)
Delta III SSBN (1976)
Delta IV SSBN (1980)
Typhoon SSBN (1980)
Oscar SSGN (1980)
Sierra SSN (1982)
Mike SSN (1983)
Akula SSN (1984)
Kilo SSK (1986)
Soviet Naval Air Force
Kamov Ka-10 Hat
Kamov Ka-15 Hen
Kamov Ka-18 Hog
Kamov Ka-25 Hormone
Kamov Ka-27 Helix
Mil Mi-14 Haze
Mil Mi-4 Hound
Yakovlev Yak-38
Sukhoi Su-17
Sukhoi Su-24
Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle
Myasishchev M-4 Bison
Tupolev Tu-14 Bosun
Tupolev Tu-142
Ilyushin Il-38
Tupolev Tu-16
Antonov An-12
Tupolev Tu-22
Tupolev Tu-95
Tupolev Tu-22M
Tupolev Tu-16
Tupolev Tu-22
Beriev Be-6 Madge
Beriev Be-10 Mallow
Beriev Be-12
Lun class Ekranoplanes
A90 Orlan Ekranoplanes
Soviet MTBs/PBs/FACs
P2 class FACs
P4 class FACs
P6 class FACs
P8 class FACs
P10 class FACs
Komar class FACs (1960)
Project 184 FACs
OSA class FACs
Shershen class FACs
Mol class FACs
Turya class HFL
Matka class HFL
Pchela class FACs
Sarancha class HFL
Babochka class HFL
Mukha class HFL
Muravey class HFL
MO-V sub-chasers
MO-VI sub-chasers
Stenka class sub-chasers
kronstadt class PBs
SO-I class PBs
Poluchat class PBs
Zhuk clas PBs
MO-105 sub-chasers
Project 191 River Gunboats
Shmel class river GB
Yaz class river GB
Piyavka class river GB
Vosh class river GB
Saygak class river GB
Soviet Minesweepers
T43 class
T58 class
Yurka class
Gorya class
T301 class
Project 255 class
Sasha class
Vanya class
Zhenya class
Almaz class
Sonya class
TR40 class
K8 class
Yevgenya class
Olya class
Lida class
Andryusha class
Ilyusha class
Alesha class
Rybak class
Baltika class
SChS-150 class
Project 696 class
Soviet Amphibious ships
MP 2 class
MP 4 class
MP 6 class
MP 8 class
MP 10 class
Polocny class
Ropucha class
Alligator class
Ivan Rogov class
Aist class HVC
Pomornik class HVC
Gus class HVC
T-4 class LC
Ondatra class LC
Lebed class HVC
Tsaplya class HVC
Utenov class
Warsaw Pact Navies
☍ See the Detail
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
East Germany
Parchim class corvettes (1985)
Hai class sub-chasers (1958)
Volksmarine's minesweepers
Volksmarine's FAC
Volksmarine's Landing ships
ORP Warzsawa (1970)
ORP Kaszub (1986)
Polish Landing ships
Polish FACs
Polish Patrol ships
Polish Minesweepers
Missile Destroyer Muntenia (1982)
Tetal class Frigates (1981)
Romanian river patrol crafts
✦ NATO
Bundesmarine
☍ See the Page
Destroyers
Zerstorer class DDs (1958)
Hamburg class DDs (1960)
Lütjens class missile DDs (1965)
Frigates
Gneisenau class FFs (1958)
Scharnhorst class FFs (1959)
Köln class FFs (1958)
Deutschland FFG (1960)
Bremen class FFs (1979)
Brandenbug class FFs (1992)
German cold-war subs (generic)
Hai class SSK (1957)
Type 201 class SSK (1961)
Type 202 class SSK (1965)
Type 205 class SSK (1962)
Type 206 class SSK (1971)
Type 209 class SSK (1972)
Misc.
Bundesmarine amphibious ships
Thetis class corvettes
Corvette Hans Burkner
Rhein class suppert ships
Mosel class support ships
Lahn class support ships
Fast Attack Crafts
Silbermöwe class FACs
Jaguar class FACs
Hugin/Pfeil FACs
Zobel class FACs
S41 class FACs
S61 class FACs
S71 class FACs
KW class PBs
Kw 15 class PBs
Neustadt class PBs
Mine warfare vessels
Bamberg class minelayers
Sachsenwald class mine transports
Type 319 minesweepers
Lindau class minesweepers
Vegesack class minesweepers
Schutze class minesweepers
Bundesmarine R Boote
Hansa inshore Ms.
Ariadne class inshore Ms.
Frauenlob class inshore Ms.
Holnis class indhore Ms.
Hameln class indhore Ms.
Frankentahl class indhore Ms.
Danish Navy
☍ See the Page
Hvidbjornen class Frigates (1962)
Frigate Beskytteren (1976)
Peder Skram class Frigates (1965)
Thetis class frigates (1989)
Bellona class corvettes (1955)
Niels Juel class corvettes (1979)
Delfinen class submarines (1958)
Narhvalen class submarines (1970)
Bille class Torpedo Boats (1946)
Flyvefisken class Torpedo Boats (1954)
Falken class Torpedo Boats (1960)
Soloven class Torpedo Boats (1962)
Willemoes class FAC (1976)
Flyvefisken class FAC (1989)
Daphne class Patrol Boats (1960)
Danish Minelayers
Danish Minesweepers
Dutch Navy
☍ See the Page
CV Karel Doorman (1948)
De Zeven Provinciën class cruisers (1945)
Holland class DDs (1953)
Friesland class DDs (1953)
Roodfier class Frigates (1953)
Frigate Lynx (1954)
Van Speijk class Frigates (1965)
Tromp class Frigates (1973)
Kortenaer class frigates (1976)
Van H. class Frigates (1983)
K. Doorman class Frigates (1988)
Dolfijn clas sub. (1959)
Zwaardvis class subs. (1970)
Walrus class subs. (1985)
ATD Rotterdam (1990s)
Dokkum class minesweepers (1954)
Alkmaar class minesweepers (1982)
Hellenic Navy
☍ See the Page
Hydra class FFs (1990)
Greek cold war Subs
Greek Amphibious ships
Greek MTBs/FACs
Greek Patrol Vessels
Irish Navy
☍ See the Page
Eithne class PBs (1983)
Cliona class PBs
Deidre/Emer class PBs
Orla class fast PBs
Marina Militare
☍ See the Page
Aircraft Carriers
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1983)
Conte di Cavour (2004)*
Trieste (2022)*
Cruisers
Missile cruiser Garibaldi (1960)
Doria class H. cruisers (1962)
Vittorio Veneto (1969)
Destroyers
Impetuoso class (1956)
Impavido class (1957)
Audace class (1971)
De La Penne class (1989)
Orizzonte class (2007)*
Frigates
Grecale class (1949)
Canopo class (1955)
Bergamini class (1960)
Alpino class (1967)
Lupo class (1976)
Maestrale class (1981)
Bergamini class (2013)*
Thaon di Revel class (2020)*
Corvettes (OPV)
Albatros class (1954)
De Cristofaro class (1965)
Minerva class (1987)
Cassiopeia class (1989)
Esploratore class (1997)*
Sirio class (2003)*
Commandanti class (2004)*
Submarines
Toti class (1967)
Sauro class (1976)
Pelosi class (1986)
Sauro class (1992)*
Todaro class (2006)*
Attack/Amphibious ships
San Giorgio LSD (1987)
Gorgona class CTS (1987)
Italian Landing Crafts (1947-2020)
Misc. ships
Folgore PB (1952)
Lampo class PBs (1960)
Freccia class PBs (1965)
Sparviero class GMHF (1973)
Stromboli class AOR (1975)
Anteo SRS (1980)
Etna class LSS (1988)
Vulcano AOR (1998)*
Elettra EWSS (2003)*
Etna AOR (2021)*
Mine warfare ships
Lerici class (1982)
Gaeta class (1992)*
Marine Nationale
☍ See the Page
Battleships
Jean Bart (1949)
Aircraft/Helicopter carriers
Dixmude (1946)
Arromanches (1946)
Lafayette class light carriers (1954)
PA 28 class project (1947)
Clemenceau class (1957)
Jeanne d'Arc (1961)
PA 58 (1958)
PH 75/79 (1975)
Charles de Gaulle (1994)
Cruisers
De Grasse (1946)
Chateaurenault class (1950)
Colbert (1956)
Destroyers
Surcouf class (1953)
Duperre class (1956)
La Galissonniere class (1960)
Suffren class (1965)
Aconit (1970)
Tourville class (1972)
G. Leygues class (1976)
Cassard class (1985)
Frigates
Le Corse class (1952)
Le Normand class (1954)
Cdt Riviere class (1958)
Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
Lafayette class (1990)
Corvettes
Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
Floreal class (1990)
Submarines
La Creole class (1940)
Narval class (1954)
Arethuse class (1957)
Daphne class (1959)
Gymnote test SSBN (1964)
Le Redoutable SSBN (1967)
Agosta SSN (1974)
Rubis SSN (1979)
Amethyste SSN (1988)
Le Triomphant SSBN (started 1989)
Amphibian Ships
Issole (1958)
EDIC class (1958)
Trieux class (1958)
Ouragan lass (1963)
Champlain lass (1973)
Bougainville (1986)
Foudre class (1988)
CDIC lass (1989)
Misc. ships
Le Fougueux class (1958)
La Combattante class (1964)
Trident class (1976)
L'Audacieuse class (1984)
Grebe class (1989)
Sirius class (1952)
Circe class (1972)
Eridan class (1979)
Vulcain class (1986)
RCAN
☍ See the Page
HCMS Bonaventure (1957)
St Laurent class DDE (1951)
Algonquin class DDE (1952)
Restigouche class DDs (1954)
Mackenzie class DDs (1961)
Annapolis class DDH (1963)
Iroquois class DDH (1970)
River (mod) 1955
Tribal class FFs (Pjct)
City class DDH (1988)
Ojibwa class sub. (1964)
Kingston class MCFV (1995)
Royal Navy
☍ See the Page
Cold War Aircraft Carriers
Centaur class (1947)
HMS Victorious (1957)
HMS Eagle (1946)
HMS Ark Royal (1950)
HMS Hermes (1953)
CVA-01 class (1966 project)
Invincible class (1977)
Cold War Cruisers
Tiger class (1945)
Destroyers
Daring class (1949)
1953 design (project)
Cavendish class (1944)
Weapon class (1945)
Battle class (1945)
FADEP program (1946)
County class GMD (1959)
Bristol class GMD (1969)
Sheffield class GMD (1971)
Manchester class GMD (1980)
Type 43 GMD (1974)
British cold-war Frigates
Rapid class (1942)
Tenacious class (1941)
Whitby class (1954)
Blackwood class (1953)
Leopard class (1954)
Salisbury class (1953)
Tribal class (1959)
Rothesay class (1957)
Leander class (1961)
BB Leander class (1967)
HMS Mermaid (1966)
Amazon class (1971)
Broadsword class (1976)
Boxer class (1981)
Cornwall class (1985)
Duke class (1987)
British cold war Submarines
T (conv.) class (1944)
T (Stream) class (1945)
A (Mod.) class (1944)
Explorer class (1954)
Strickleback class (1954)
Porpoise class (1956)
Oberon class (1959)
HMS Dreanought SSN (1960)
Valiant class SSN (1963)
Resolution class SSBN (1966)
Swiftsure class SSN (1971)
Trafalgar class SSN (1981)
Upholder class (1986)
Vanguard class SSBN (started)
Assault ships
Fearless class (1963)
HMS Ocean (started)
Sir Lancelot LLS (1963)
Sir Galahad (1986)
Ardennes/Avon class (1976)
Brit. LCVPs (1963)
Brit. LCM(9) (1980)
Minesweepers/layers
Ton class (1952)
Ham class (1947)
Ley class (1952)
HMS Abdiel (1967)
HMS Wilton (1972)
Hunt class (1978)
Venturer class (1979)
River class (1983)
Sandown class (1988)
Misc. ships
HMS Argus ATS (1988)
Ford class SDF (1951)
Cormorant class (1985)
Kingfisger class (1974)
HMS Jura OPV (1975)
Island class OPVs (1976)
HMS Speedy PHDF (1979)
Castle class OPVs (1980)
Peacock class OPVs (1982)
MBT 538 class (1948)
Gay class FACs (1952)
Dark class FACs (1954)
Bold class FACs (1955)
Brave class FACs (1957)
Tenacity class PCs (1967)
Brave class FPCs (1969)
Spanish Armada
☍ See the Page
Dédalo aircraft carrier (1967)
Principe de Asturias (1982)
Alava class DDs (1946)
Audaz class DDs (1955)
Oquendo class DDs (1956)
Roger de Lauria class (1967)
Baleares class FFs (1971)
Descubierta class FFs (1978)
Numancia class FFs (1987)
Pizarro class gunboats (1944)
Artevida class Cvs (1952)
Serviola class Cvs (1990)
Spanish cold-war submarines
Spanish FACs
Spanish Minesweepers
Svenska Marinen
☍ See the Page
Tre Kronor class (1946)
Öland class DDs (1945)
Halland class DDs (1952) (1945)
Ostergotland class DDs (1956)
Spica III class Corvettes (1984)
Goteborg class Corvettes (1989)
U1 class subs (mod.1963)
Hajen class subs (1954)
Sjoormen class subs (1967)
Nacken class subs (1978)
Vastergotland class subs (1986)
Gotland class subs (1995)
T32 class MTBs (1951)
T42 class MTBs (1955)
Plejad class FACs (1951)
Spica I class FACs (1966)
Spica II class FACs (1972)
Hugin class FACs (1973)
Swedish Patrol Boats
Swedish minesweepers
Swedish Icebreakers
Taiwanese Navy
☍ See the Page
Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
Fuh Chow class FAC
Lung Chiang class FAC
Hai Ou class FAC(M)
MWW 50 class minehunters
Turkish Navy
☍ See the Page
Berk class FFs (1971)
Atilay class sub. (1974)
Cakabey class LST
Osman Gazi class LST
Turkish Fast Attack Crafts
Turkish Patrol Boats
USN (cold war)
☍ See the Page
Aircraft carriers
United States class (1950)
Essex SBC-27 (1950s)
Midway class (mod)
Forrestal class (1954)
Kitty Hawk class (1960)
USS Enterprise (1960)
Nimitz Class (1972)
Iowa Class (cold war)
Cruisers
Des Moines Class (1947)
Worcester Class (1948)
Boston Class (1955)
Galveston Class (1958)
Providence Class (1958)
Albany Class (1962)
USS Long Beach (1960)
Leahy Class (1961)
USS Bainbridge (1961)
Belknap Class (1963)
USS Truxtun (1964)
California Class (1971)
Virginia Class (1974)
CSGN Class (1976)
Ticonderoga Class (1981)
Destroyers
Mitscher class (1952)
Fletcher DDE (1950s)
USS Norfolk (1953)
F. Sherman class (1956)
Farragut class (1958)
Charles F. Adams class (1958)
Gearing FRAM I class (1960s)
Sumner FRAM II class (1970s)
Spruance class (1975)
Frigates
Dealey class (1953)
Claud Jones class (1958)
Bronstein class (1962)
Garcia class (1963)
Brooke class (1963)
Knox class (1966)
OH Perry class (1976)
Submarines
Guppy class Submarines (1946-59)
Barracuda class SSK (1951)
Tang class SSK (1951)
USS Darter SSK (1956)
Mackerel class SSK (1953)
USS Albacore SSK (1953)
USS X1 Midget subs (1955)
Barbel class SSK (1958)
USS Nautilus SSN (1954)
USS Seawolf SSN (1955)
Skate class SSN (1957)
Skipjack class SSN (1958)
USS Tullibee SSN (1960)
Tresher/Permit class SSN (1960)
Sturgeon class SSN (1963)
Los Angeles class SSN (1974)
Seawolf class SSN (1989)
Grayback class SSBN (1957)
USS Halibut SSBN (1959)
Gato SSG (1960s)
E. Allen class SSBN (1960)
G. Washington class SSBN (1969)
Lafayette class SSBN (1962)
Ohio class SSBN (1979)
Migraine class RP (1950s)
Sailfish class RP (1955)
USS Triton class RP (1958)
Amphibious/assault ships
Iwo Jima class HC (1960)
Tarawa class LHD (1973)
Wasp class LHD (1987)
Thomaston class LSD (1954)
Raleigh class LSD (1962)
Austin class LSD (1964)
Anchorage class LSD (1968)
Whibdey Island class LSD (1983)
Parish class LST (1952)
County class LST (1957)
Newport class LST (1968)
Tulare class APA (1953)
Charleston class APA (1967)
USS Carronade support ship (1953)
Mine warfare ships
Agile class (1952)
Ability (1956)
Avenger (1987)
USS Cardinal (1983)
Adjutant class (1953)
USS Cove (1958)
USS Bittern (1957)
Minesweeping boats/launches
Misc. ships
USS Northampton CS (1951)
Blue Ridge class CS (1969)
Wright class CS (1969)
PT812 class (1950)
Nasty class FAC (1962)
Osprey class FAC (1967)
Asheville class FACs (1966)
USN Hydrofoils (1962-81)
Vietnam Patrol Boats (1965-73)
Coastguard
Hamilton class (1965)
Reliance class (1963)
Bear class (1979)
cold war CG PBs
☯ ASIA
Chinese Navy
☍ See the Page
Chinese Destroyers
Type 7 Anshan class (1955)
Type 051 Luda class (1972)
Type 052 Luhu Class (1991)
Chinese Frigates
Type 065 Chengdu class (1956)
Type 065 Jiangnan class (1967)
Type 053K Jiangdong class (1973)
Type 053H Jianghu class (1977)
Type 053H2G Jiangwei I class (1990)
Chinese Submarines
Type 03 class (1956)
Type 033 class (1963)
Ming class (1973)
Han class SSN (1970)
Xia class SSBN (1981)
Wuhan class SSBN (1987)
Attack ships
Huchuan class THF (1966)
Hoku class FAC (1965)
Huangfeng class FAC (1966)
Hola class FAC (1966)
Houxin/Houjian class FAC (1990s)
Chinese Landing ships/crafts
Yu Ling class LST (1971)
Yukan class LST (1978)
Yudao class LST (1980)
Yunnan class LC (1968)
Chinese Patrol vessels
Huangpu class RPC (1950)
Shantou class CPC (1956)
Shanghai class LPC (1959)
Hainan class LPC (1964)
Yulin class RPC (1964)
Haikou class LPC (1968)
Haijui class LPfC (1987)
Chinese Minesweepers
Indian Navy
☍ See the Page
Vikrant class CVs (1961)
Viraat class CVs (1986)
Cruiser Delhi (1948)
Cruiser Mysore (1957)
Raja class DDs (1949)
Rajput class DDs (1980)
Delhi class DDs (1990)
Khukri class FFs (1956)
Talwar class FFs (1958)
Brahmaputra class FFs (1957)
Nilgiri class FFs (1968)
Godavari class FFs (1980)
Kusura class subs (1970)
Shishumar class subs (1984)
Sindhugosh class subs (1986)
Indian Amphibious ships
Indian corvettes (1969-90)
Khukri class corvettes (1989)
SDB Mk.2 class PBs (1977)
Vikram class OPVs (1979)
Sukanya class OPVs (1989)
Indonesian Navy
☍ See the Page
Fatahilla class Frigates (1977)
Pattimura class corvettes (1956)
Indonesian Marines
Indonesian Mine Vessels
Indonesian FAC/OPVs
JMSDF
☍ See the Page
JMSDF Destroyers
Harukaze class DD (1955)
Ayanami class DD (1957)
Murasame class DD (1958)
Akizuki class DD (1959)
Amatukaze missile DD (1963)
Yamagumo class DDE (1965)
Takatsuki class DD (1966)
Minegumo class DDE (1967)
Haruna class DDH (1971)
Tachikaze class DD (1974)
Shirane class DDH (1978)
Hatsuyuki class DDs (1980)
Hatakaze class DDs (1984)
Asigiri class DDs (1986)
Kongo class DDs (started 1990)
JMSDF Frigates
Akebono class FFs (1955)
Isuzu class FFs (1961)
Chikugo class FFs (1970)
Ishikari class FFs (1980)
Yubari class FFs (1982)
Abukuma class FFs (1988)
JMSDF submarines
Oyashio class Sub. (1959)
Hayashio class Sub. (1961)
Natsushio class Sub. (1963)
Oshio class Sub. (1964)
Uzushio class Sub. (1970)
Yushio class Sub. (1979)
Harushio class Sub. (1989)
JMSDF Misc. ships
Japanese Landing Ships
Japanese Large Patrol Ships
Japanese Patrol Crafts
Japanese Minesweepers
Japanese Sub-chasers
North Korean Navy
☍ See the Page
Najin class Frigates
Experimental Frigate Soho
Sariwan class Corvettes
Sinpo class subs.
Sang-O class subs.
Yono class subs.
Yugo class subs.
Hungnam class LCM
Hante class LST
Songjong class HVC
Sin Hung/Ku Song FACs
Anju class FACs
Iwon class FACs
Chaho class FACs
Hong Jin class FAC-G
Sohung class MTBs
Sinpo class MTBs
Nampo class FALC
Philippines Navy
☍ See the Page
Datu Kalantian class Frigates (1976)
Bacolod City class LS(L)
Philippino Patrol Crafts
ROKN
☍ See the Page
Ulsan class frigates (1980)
Pohang class corvettes (1984)
Dong Hae class corvettes (1982)
Han Kang class patrol corvettes (1985)
Chamsuri (PKM 268) PBs (1978)
ROKS coast guard vessels
Paek Ku class FAC (1975)
Kang Keong class minehunters (1986)
Taiwanese Navy
☍ See the Page
Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
Fuh Chow class FAC
Lung Chiang class FAC
Hai Ou class FAC(M)
MWW 50 class minehunters
☪ MIDDLE EAST
IDF Navy
☍ See the Page
Eilat class Corvettes (1993)
SAAR 5 Project
SAAR 1 FAC
SAAR 4 FAC
SAAR 4.5 FAC
Dvora class FAC
Shimrit class MHFs
IDF FACs/PBs
Etzion Geber LST
Ash class LCT
Iranian Navy
☍ See the Page
Destroyer Artemiz (1965)
Bayandor class FFs (1963)
Alvand class FFs (1969)
Khalije Fars class DDs (2016)*
♅ OCEANIA
RAN
☍ See the Page
HMAS Sydney (1948*)
HMAS Melbourne (1955*)
Tobruk class DDs (1947)
Voyager class DDs (1952)
Perth class MDD (1963)
Quadrant class FFs (1953)
Yarra class FFs (1958)
Swan class FFs (1967)
Adelaide class MFFs (1978)
Anzac class MFFs (1990s)
Oxley class subs (1965)
Collins class subs (1990s)
Australian Amphibious ships
Fremantle class PBs
Royal New Zealand Navy
☍ See the Page
HMNZS Royalist (1956)
Pukaki class patrol Crafts (1974)
Moa class patrol crafts (1983)
HMNZS Aotearoa (2019)*
☩ South America
Argentina
☍ See the Page
ARA Independencia (1958)
ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (1968)
Belgrano class cruisers (1951)
Almirante Brown class Frigates (1981)
Mantilla class corvettes (1981)
Espora class corvettes (1982)
Salta class submarines (1972)
Santa Cruz class submarines (1982)
Brazilian Navy
☍ See the Page
Minas Gerais aircraft carrier (1956)
Cruiser Barroso (1951)
Cruiser Tamandare (1951)
Acre class destroyers (1945)
Niteroi class Frigates (1974)
Ihnauma class Frigate (1986)
Tupi class submarines (1987)
Brazilian patrol ships
Chilean Navy
☍ See the Page
O'Higgins class cruisers
Lattore Cruiser (1971)
Almirante class destroyers (1960)
Prat class M. Destroyers (1982)
Almirante Lynch class Frigates (1972)
Thomson class subs (1982)
Small surface combatants
Peruvian Navy
☍ See the Page
Almirante Grau(ii) class
Almirante Grau(iii) class
Abtao class sub.
PR-72P class corvettes
Velarde class OPVs
℣ AFRICA
Egyptian Navy
☍ See the Page
October class FAC/M (1975)
Ramadan class FAC/M (1979)
South African Navy
☍ See the Page
Wager class destroyers (1950)
President class Frigates (1960)
Maria Van Riebeeck class subs (1969)
Astrant class subs (1977)
Minister class FAC(M) (1977)
SANDF Minesweepers
☫ Minor cold war/modern Navies
✚ MORE
⚔ Cold War Naval Events
⚔ Indochina War naval ops
⚔ Korean War naval ops
⚔ 1956 intervention in Suez
⚔ 1960 Cuban crisis
⚔ 1960 US/Soviet compared strenghts
⚔ 1963-69 Algerian war naval ops
⚔ Naval warfare in Vietnam
⚔ Middle East naval fights
⚔ 1980 Falkland wars
⚔ 1990 Gulf War
⚔ Modern Navies
⚔ Modern PLAN
✈ Cold War Naval Aviation
See the full section
Seaplanes
Grumman Mallard 1946
Edo OSE-1 1946
Short Solent 1946
de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver 1947
Grumman Albatross 1947
Hughes H-4 Hercules (completed & first flight, prototype)
Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 1947 (jet fighter seaplane prototype)
Short Sealand 1947
Martin P5M Marlin 1948
Supermarine Seagull ASR-1 1948 (prototype successor to the Walrus)
Nord 1400 Noroit 1949
Norsk Flyindustri Finnmark 5A (interesting Norwegian prototype)
SNCASE SE-1210 French prototype flying boat 1949
Convair R3Y Tradewind USN patrol flying boat 1950
Goodyear Drake (proto seaboat) 1950
de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter 1951 (RCAN)
Saunders-Roe Princess 1952 (RN requisition possible)
Convair F2Y Sea Dart Prototype delta jet fighter seaplane 1953
Martin P6M SeaMaster strategic bomber flying boat 1955
Ikarus Kurir H 1957
Shin Meiwa UF-XS prototype 1962
Shin Meiwa PS-1 patrol flying boat 1967
Canadair CL-215 1967 water bomber, some operated by the RCAN
GAF Nomad patrol australian land/floatplane 1971
Harbin SH-5 Main PLAN patrol flying boat 1976
Cessna 208 Caravan transport flotplane (some navies) 1982
Dornier Seastar prototype 1984
Patrol Planes
ATR 42 MP Surveyor (Italy, 1984)
ATR 72 MP (Italy 1988)
ATR 72 ASW (France, 1988)
Breguet Atlantic (France 1965)
Nord 1402 Noroit (France 1949)
Avro Shackleton (UK 1949)
BAE Nimrod MRA4 (UK 2004)
Britten-Norman Defender/Islander (UK 1970)
Fairey Gannet (UK 1949)
Hawker-Siddeley Nimrod (UK 1967)
Beechcraft King Air (USA 1963)
Basler BT-67 (USA 1990)
Boeing 737 Surveiller (USA 1967)
Boeing P-8 Poseidon (USA 2009)
Lockheed P-2 Neptune (USA, 1945)
Lockheed P-3 Orion (USA 1959)
Martin P4M Mercator (USA 1946)
Convair P5Y (USA 1950)
Douglas/BSAS Turbo Dakota (USA 1991)
Bombardier DHC-8 MPA/MSA (Can 2007)
Canadair CP-107 Argus (Can 1957)
CASA C-212 MPA (Spain 1971)
CASA/IPTN CN-235 MPA/HC-144 Ocean Sentry (Spain 1983)
CASA C-295 MPA (Spain 1997)
Diamond DA42 Guardian (Austria 2002)
Dornier 228 (Germany 1981)
Embraer EMB 111 Bandeirante (Brazil 1968)
Embraer R-99 (Brazil 2001)
Embraer P-99 (Brazil 2003)
Fokker F27 200-MAR (NL 1955)
Fokker F27 Maritime Enforcer (NL 1955)
IAI 1124N Sea Scan (Israel 1977)
Kawasaki P-1 (Japan 2007)
Kawasaki P-2J (Japan 1966)
Saab Swordfish (Sweden 2016)
Shaanxi Y-8F,Q,X (China 1984)
Short Seavan (UK 1976)
Beriev Be-8 1947
Beriev Be-6 1949
Beriev R-1 turbojet prototype seaplane 1952
Beriev Be-10 1956
Beriev Be-12 Chaika 1960
Beriev Be-40/A-40 Albatross prototypes 1986
Chetverikov TA-1 1947
Ilyushin Il-38 'May' (USSR 1967)
Myasishchev 3M/3MD (USSR 1956)
Tupolev Tu-16T/PL/R/RM/SP (USSR 1952)
Tupolev Tu-95MR (USSR 1961)
Tupolev Tu-142 (USSR 1968)
Carrier Planes
USN
Douglas A-3 Skywarrior
Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
Douglas A2D Skyshark
Douglas AD Skyraider
Douglas F3D Skynight
Douglas F4D Skyray
Grumman A-6 Intruder
Grumman AF Guardian
Grumman C-1 Trader
Grumman C-2 Greyhound
Grumman E-1 Tracer
Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
Grumman EA-6B Prowler
Grumman F-9 Cougar
Grumman F9F Panther
Grumman F-11 Tiger
Grumman F-14 Tomcat ➚
Grumman S-2 Tracker
Lockheed Martin F-35B
Lockheed S-3 Viking ➚
McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk
McDonnell FH Phantom
McDonnell F2H Banshee
McDonnell F3H Demon
McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B Harrier II
McDonnell-Douglas F/A-18 Hornet
North American A-5 Vigilante
North American AJ Savage
North American FJ Fury
North American T-2 Buckeye
North American T-28 Trojan
Vought A-7 Corsair
Vought F-8 Crusader
Vought F6U Pirate
Vought F7U Cutlass
Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
Boeing EA-18G Growler
RN
Blackburn Buccaneer
Boulton Paul Sea Balliol
BAe Sea Harrier
de Havilland Sea Vampire
de Havilland Sea Venom
de Havilland Sea Vixen
Fairey Gannet
Hawker Sea Hawk
Short Seamew
Westland Wyvern
Marine Nationale
Breguet Alizé
Dassault Étendard IV
Dassault Super Étendard
Dassault Rafale M
Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr M
SNCASE Aquilon
Soviet Navy
Sukhoi Su-25UTG/UBP
Sukhoi Su-33
Yakovlev Yak-38
Navy Helicopters
Chinese PLAN:
Harbin Z-5 (1958)
Harbin Z-9 Haitun (1981)
Changhe Z-8 (1985)
Harbin Z-20 (in development)
Italy:
Agusta Bell AB-205 (1961)
Agusta Bell AB-212 (1971)
Agusta AS-61 (1968)
India:
Hal Dhruv (Indian Navy)
France:
Alouette II (1955)
Alouette III (1959)
Super Frelon (1965)
Cougar ()
Panther ()
Super Cougar H225M ()
Fennec ()
MH-65 Dolphin ()
UH-72 Lakota ()
Germany:
MBB Bo 105 (1967)
NHIndustries NH90
Japan:
Mitsubishi H-60 (1987)
Poland:
PZL W-3 Sokół (1979)
Romania:
IAR 330M (1975)
United Kingdom:
Westland Lynx (1971)
Westland Scout (1960) RAN
Westland Sea King (1969)
Westland Wasp (1962)
Westland Wessex (1958)
Westland Whirlwind (1953)
Westland WS-51 Dragonfly (1948)
USA:
Gyrodyne QH-50 DASH
Hiller ROE Rotorcycle (1956)
Piasecki HRP Rescuer (1945)
Bell UH-1N Twin Huey (1969)
SH-2 Seasprite (1959)
SH-2G Super Seasprite (1982)
CH-53 Sea Stallion (1966)
SH-60 Seahawk (1979)
Sikorsky S-61R (1959)
MH-53E Sea Dragon (1974)
ussr:
Kamov Ka 20 (1958)
Ka-25 "Hormone" (1960)
Ka-27 "Helix" (1973)
Ka-31 (1987)
Ka-35 (2015)
Ka-40 (1990)
Mil-Mi 2 (1949)
Mil Mi-4 (1952)
Civilian
♆ WW1 US Shipping Board
☍ Emergency Fleet Corporation
☍
☍
Hog islander program
Design 1022 ships
Design 1023 ships
Design 1024 ships
Design 1001
♆ WW2 US Maritime Commission
>Liberty ships
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